初中重点语法There be句型全解析

1. 定义：There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。

2. 结构：

        (1) There is/was +单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点状语.

        (2) There are/were +复数名词+地点状语.

there是引导词，在句中不充当任何成分，翻译时也不必译出。句子的主语是某人或某物，谓语动词be要与主语（某人或某物）的数保持一致。当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时，谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致。

eg.  ① There is a bird in the tree.   树上有一只鸟。

    ② There is a teacher and many students in our classroom. 

    ③ There are two boys and a girl under the tree.

树下有两个男孩，一个女孩。

3.  There be句型与have的区别：

(1) There be 句型和have都表示“有”的含义。区别如下：There be表示“某处存在某物或某人”；have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”，它表示所有、拥有关系。   eg.①He has two sons.   他有两个儿子。

 ②There are two men in the office.    办公室里有两个男人。

(2)当have表示“包括”、“存在”的含义时，There be 句型与其可互换。

eg. A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week. 

变脸一：否定句

There be句型的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样，在be后加上not或no即可。注意not和no的不同：not是副词，no为形容词，not a/an/any + n. 相当于no+ n.。例如：

There are some pictures on the wall.

→There aren't any pictures on the wall. =There are no pictures on the wall.

There is a bike behind the tree.

→ There isn't a bike behind the tree. =There is no bike behind the tree.

变脸二：一般疑问句

There be句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可，但同时要注意：当肯定句中有some时，要将其改为any（否定变化也一样）。看看下面两句是如何\"改头换面\"的吧：

There is some water on Mars. → Is there any water on Mars?

There are some fish in the water. →Are there any fish in the water?

变脸三：特殊疑问句

There be句型的特殊疑问句形式有以下三种变化：

① 对主语提问：当主语是人时，用"Who\'s+介词短语?"；当主语是物时，用

"What's + 介词短语?"。注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如：

There are many things over there. →What's over there?

There is a little girl in the room.→Who is in the room?

② 对地点状语提问：提问地点当然用"Where is / are+主语?"啦！例如：

There is a computer on the desk. → Where is the computer?

There are four children on the playground. →Where are the four children?

③ 对数量提问：一般有两种句型结构：

How many+复数名词+are there+介词短语？

How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语？

There be句型解析