Acceptance承兑 P119

An acceptance credit call for drafts to be drawn at a tenor for acceptance by the issuing bank or any drawee nawed in the credit.汇票承兑信用证要求汇票按规定在一定期限内由开证行或者其他在信用证上签名的收款人来检验。

a letter of credit信用证 P116

A banker’s document letter of credit is a credit instrument.A common means of payment in international trade.一种在国际贸易中常见的支付手段。Containing a writer undertaking in the part of the issuing bank to pay a certain amount to a third party against the surrender of stipulated documents.

collection托收 P133

entrust banks as intermediaries to collect the money for the goods

委托银行作中间人收取款项

Bill票据

a statement of money owed for goods or services; demand payment

tax  税收 P197

charge against a citizen's person or property or activity for the support of government; levy a tax on

hedge套期保值 P144

capture slight differences in price;

foreign exchange markets perform four major functions:tranfer of payments;provision of credits;payment at a distance;allowing hedging against exchange risk.外汇市场主要从事四种功能：转移支付；提供信贷；异地支付；提供外汇风险防范。

arbitrage套汇 P139

buy at the lower price and sells at the higher price;

Is the use of discrepancies in currency exchange rates to transform one unit of a currency into more than one unit of the same currency.利用不同的外汇市场各种货币在同一时刻的汇率和汇率上的差异，同时买进和卖出有关货币的现汇和期汇，以赚取汇率或利率上的差价收益的交易。

option期权 P144

the right to buy or sell property at an agreed price; the right is purchased and if it is not exercised by a stated date the money is forfeited在外汇交易中，以契约形式规定的在某一特定日期或在未来某一日期，按规定的价格买（看涨期权）或卖（看跌期权）特定数量的基础票据权利。

future期货

A currency future,also FX future or foreign exchange future.is a futures contract to exchange one currency for another at specified date in the future at a price(exchange rate 买卖双方约定于未来某一特定日期，以约定价格买卖的约定数量的商品。

foreign exchange汇率,外汇

price by one currency for other currency;

means the system utilized in financing international payments.一个用于支付国际金融付款的系统。

oligopoly寡占；寡头垄断 P233

the industry composed of a limited number of large firms.由少数大企业构成的行业。An industry in which four firms control 80 percent of a domestic market.一个行业若四家国内公司掌握国内市场的80%，那该行业就是寡头。

tax break减税，所得税宽减额

a tax deduction that is granted in order to encourage a particular type of commercial activity

franchise licensing特许经营

direct often…to operate a store in sp;

an authorization to sell a company's goods or services in a particular place; a business established or operated under an authorization to sell or distribute a company's goods or services in a particular area

statement资产负债表

a document showing credits and debits

product line生产线 P174

it is a group of closely related product manufactured制造 or sold by a business

product planning

involves making decisions about the production andsale of a business’s products.

product mix 产品组合

includes all the different products that a company makes or sells.指一个公司制造和销售不同的产品

product item 产品品种

it is specific model,brand,or size 商标牌子型号of a product within a product line

product width 产品宽度

refers to the number of different product lines a business manufactures or sells生产线的数量

product depth 产品深度

refer to the number of product items offered within each product line产品种类的数量

barter易货交易

trade by the direct exchange of goods.

monopoly垄断

one seller but many buyers.

withholding tax代扣所得税 P202

are those imposed by governments on dividend interest and royalty payments to foreign investors.代扣所得税是政府向国外投资者的股息、利息和特许权使用费的收入征收的税。

value-added tax增值税P199

this tax is typically levied on the value added at each stage of production每一个产品增加的价值 or distribution

corporate income tax企业所得税

is probably more widely used to generate government revenue than any other major tax with the possible exception of customsduties

balance of payments 国际收支平衡 P246

accounts keep track of both its payments to and its receipts from other countries.

商务英语名词解释