名家关于读书的散文

【篇一：名家关于读书的散文】

散文课程与散文评鉴- -

《散文创作与鉴赏》这部著作准备的时间很长,写作的时间很短,可以说是一种真正的“厚积薄发”.作者长期从事大学本科的“写作”和“文艺鉴赏”课的教学,是“散文创作与鉴赏”的重点科研项目的主持人,是高等教育出版社出版的大学生素质教育教材《文艺鉴赏概论》中散文鉴赏篇的主笔.作为中国“七七级”的典型代表,她目前正是单位教学、科研的骨干.近五年来她平均每周有10课时以上的教学工作量,每当到了星期六、星期日,就要风尘仆仆地赶到各地的教学点上课.作为一位知识女性,她又有着中国家庭典型的角色规范.上要赡养老人,下要照顾正在读书的儿子,还要支持自己那位既在从政又不想丢掉业务的丈夫的工作.在如此繁忙、艰辛的工作和生活中,竟推出了这样一部积二十年教学、科研的心血的著作,这不能不让人感到“她”的分量和珍贵.

这部著作从头到尾贯穿了作者独特的散文感觉和散文体验.从文体篇开始,到创作篇、鉴赏篇,里面每一种理论观点的提出,每一种散文现象的梳理,每一篇散文案例的分析,都是建立在她对散文的至情至性的理解和机智慧心的发现上.她从一位内秀的、机敏的知识女性的心灵告诉了我们她对散文的艺术感觉和理性体认,她用一种绚丽多彩、语感饱满的理论语言告诉我们：散文文体的真正本性是什么?散文创作的规律和技法是什么?散文鉴赏的理论与方法是什么……,她使用了不少最新的散文材料来展开分析,即使是别人用过的散文材料也全部是从她的心灵和情感的角度重新过滤过和重新提炼过.这里没有了那种大拼凑的“教材写法”,没有了那种“人云亦云”的“陈词滥调”.代之而起的是一种独特、清丽的、并接近于美文的理论语言.散文的真正天性是“自由、家常”,但我们有一些“散文研究”的成果却过于严谨、呆板,在那些严肃的类似于讲课大纲的散文著作里,很难体察到作者的艺术情感和真正的散文体验,这样“散文研究”方式是无法与研究对象的真正天性协调起来、统一起来.

祝德纯的散文研究视野既微观,又宏观.在对大量的古代散文经典作了剖析、评鉴后,她清理了中国古代散文的基本文体理念和散文文体发展演变的历史；在对众多的当代散文作品,特别是一些当代散文名家的精品作了准确的解读和赏析后,她从文体美学的高度提出了散文文体的四大审美特征；在对大量的新时期以来的新潮散文和外国散文名篇作了研究和评鉴后,她提出了一些真正符合散文本性的散文创作规律和创作技巧……这种从具体散文现象和散文作品的鉴赏为起点来进入理论抽象和归纳的研究过程和写作方法,使得这部散文文体研究著作体现了较强的理论与实践相结合的可读性,显示了一种把理论研究与艺术鉴赏和文学教学融为一体的可操作性.

更值得肯定的是,这部著作虽然充满了作者评鉴散文的独特眼光和个性体验,但作者仍然努力在寻找一种具有更大概括面的散文理论.参编《文艺鉴赏概论》和开设《文艺鉴赏学》选修课,无疑地,从更高的理论层面上深化了作者的散文研究.在“散文鉴赏论”中,她从鉴赏主体、鉴赏客体和鉴赏文体的三维角度,全面论述了正确评鉴散文的基本理论和和基本方法,构建了一个比较科学的散文鉴赏理论系统.于是,这部散文著作不仅体现了作者的个性化的艺术体验,更带有了一种展示普遍意义的理论概括化倾向.当代散文鉴赏理论和散文教学理论由此显示了它的学术深度和理论高度,这对于指导中学语文教改中的散文教学专题,对于培养大学生的文化素质和文学素质都有较强的现实意义.可以说,独特的散文体验和颇具理论深度的散文创作理论和鉴赏理论是这部著作中最精彩的亮点之一.

这部著作的写作、出版过程对许多在高师院校从事教学和科研的老师来说还具有一种方法论和价值观的启示.在社会悄然转型和高校深入改革的今天,每一个高校教师都肩负着教书育人的历史重担,都注定有着自己永远要“充电”的学习程序.把教学与科研机智地结合起来,不让它们分割成为“两张皮”.在教学教改的过程中,寻找和发现属于自己的科研课题和教改项目,并锲而不舍地几年、十几年地去关注它、钻研它,不断积累、丰富有关它的研究成果.对于那种以教学为主的本科院校的老师来说,教什么就去研究什么,研究什么就去教什么,可能是一种比较有效的科研策略.当我们坐下来开始备课时,我们的科研实际上也开始了；当我们说要进行科研时,我们的备课工作实际上也开始了.这样的话,我们每一轮的教学都有新内容,我们每一年的教改成果都可以积累为一些科研成果.我们不会对每一轮的教学感到单调、枯燥,相反,我们会以一种常教常新的兴奋来开始新学期的生活,当几年、十几年过去,我们的教改成果汇萃成为一种科研成果并提交出版时,那种创造的喜悦和欣慰将油然而生.这种把教学和科研紧密结合的基本理念会使我们的教学、科研注入了新鲜的、难得的“动力燃料”,这样的活,我们的大学教育才真正体现一种“研究性学习”和“研究型课程”的性质和色彩.祝德纯几十年来,在繁忙的工作和生活中热爱散文、品茗散文、探究散文、教授散文,滴水成河,聚沙成塔,几十年的读书、教书、写书的生涯终于瓜熟蒂落,修成“正果”.这个事例实际上概括了高等院校千千万万个负重前行的老师们的典型经历.它包含有更多的书本以外的生活意蕴,很值得我们反复地去体味和思索.

【篇二：名家关于读书的散文】

【篇三：名家关于读书的散文】

《论读书》是培根随笔中的一篇

英文版：of study (论读书）

studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business. for expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best, from those that are learned. to spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar. they perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need proyning, by study; and studies themselves, do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them bothers; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books, else distilled books are like common distilled waters, flashy things. reading make a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. and therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit: and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know, that he doth not. histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtitle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. abeunt studia in mores. nay, there is no stand or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies; like as diseases of the body, may have appropriate exercises. bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. so if a man\s wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. if his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the schoolmen; for they are cymini sectors. if he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers cases. so every defect of the mind, may have a special receipt.

中文译文

名家关于读书的散文