八年级英语下册知识点总结

发布时间:2020-01-07 00:58:47

2014新版八年级英语下册第1-----10单元知识点总结

Unit 1 What’s the matter?

一、基础知识

1. What’ s the matter? 怎么啦?出什么事情了?

What’ s the matter with you?= What’s the trouble with you? = What’ s wrong with you? 你怎么了?

【注】: matter trouble 为名词, 其前可加the 或形容词性物主代词,wrong adj. 不能加the

【用法】用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题其后跟询问对象时, 与介词with连用。即:

What’s the matter with sb.? = What’s your trouble? = What’s up? = What happens to sb.?

2. I had a cold.我感冒了。 have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu感冒

have a fever 发烧 have a cough咳嗽 have a stomachache胃疼,肚子疼 have a toothache牙疼 have a headache头疼

3. 身体部位+ache(疼痛)构成新的复合词

stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothache back+ache=backache后背痛

4. much too+ 形容词,意为 ...... too much+名词,意为 很多,大量

5. enough【形容、副词】足够的/地,enough放在名前后,形副后。good enough足够好,enough money=much money

6. lie down躺下, lie 躺,躺着,过去式laylie说谎,过去式lied

7. maybe “或许,常用于句首,表示可能性,后加句子。Maybe you are right.

may be,是情态动词+be的结构,意为可能,也许,后加名词、代词或形容词。He may be angry.

sound like+名词代词和从句:It sounds like you don’t know the truth.

It sounds like a good idea. sound+形容词,听起来,好像The music sounds nice.

9. need 需要,实义动词need+名词,需要某物;

need to do sth.需要做某事,主语通常是人,表示人主动的动作:You need to listen carefully during class.

need doing sth.主语通常是物,表示被动的动作:Your dirty clothes need washing.

10. get off (the bus) 下(公交车) get on 上车

11. agree 同意,赞同;

word/media/image1.gifagree with sth. 同意某事 如:I agree with that idea.

agree to sb. 同意某人的意见 如:I agree to LiLei.

12. trouble问题,麻烦 be in trouble遇到麻烦,make trouble 制造麻烦

have trouble (in) doing sth. =have difficulties (in) doing sth......有麻烦。

13. right away=right now=at once,意为 马上

word/media/image2.gif14. advice [不可数名词]劝告,建议,向征求意见, give sb. advice on sth.就某事给某人建议;

advise [动词] advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 advise doing sth.

【复习】exercise 练习、锻炼

word/media/image3.gifexercise意为练习时,为可数名词 即可加s

exercise意为锻炼时,为不可数名词 即不加s

18. hit (用手或器具)打;击打 The boy hit the dog with a stone.

word/media/image4.gif hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back打某人的头、鼻子、后背,on用在所打较硬的部位;

hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子,in用在所打较软的部位。

be used to sth./ doing sth.习惯于、适应了……、做某事,强调状态;

get/ become used to sth./ doing sth. “变得习惯,逐渐适应……”强调过程、动作:

.

20. 【复习】free [形容词]空闲的free time;免费的the drink is for free;自由的I want to become a free bird.

free【动词】使……解脱,得到自由:He could not free his arm.

run out用完,用尽

word/media/image5.gifsth. run out. 某物用尽了。

sb. run out of sth. 人用尽了某物。

22. risk (sb.) to do sth. 冒险去做某事 take a risk=take risks 冒险

23. the importance of (doing) sth.(做)某事的重要性

importance n. 重要(性), important adj.重要的,unimportant adj.不重要的

decision 【名词】决定;抉择; make a decision 做决定 ;

make a decision to do sth.= decide to do sth.

25. be in the control of …掌管,管理 The headmaster is in the control of this new school.

be out of control无法控制,无法管理 be under control被控制住,在控制之中

26. 【复习】mind意为 介意 mind doing sth. 介意做某事 ,

27. give up (doing) sth. 放弃(做)某事,give up后可接名词、代词和动词ing形式,也可不接二、重点语法

【反身代词】英语中共有八个反身代词,在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一致。

【用法】

1. 可用作宾语,指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。

如:Maria bought herself a scarf. We must look after ourselves very well.

2. 可用作表语,指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。 如: She isn’t quite herself today.

3. 可用作主语或宾语的同位语,常用来加强语气。

如:She herself will fly to London tomorrow. I met the writer himself last week.

4. 用在某些固定短语当中。


look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顾自己 teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself自学

enjoy oneself 玩得高兴,过得愉快

help oneself to sth 请自用……(随便吃/喝些…….

hurt oneself摔伤自己

say to oneself自言自语

leave sb. by oneself把某人单独留下

buy oneself sth.给自己买……东西

introduce oneself 介绍……自己 


【提醒】

1. 反身代词不能单独做主语,但可以做主语的同位语,起强调作用。 如:我自己能完成作业。

(误)Myself can finish my homework. () I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself.

2. 反身代词表示某人自己不能表示某人的东西,因为它没有所有格的形式。表达某人自己的(东西)时,须要用one’s own.

如:我用我自己的蜡笔画画。(误)I’m drawing with myself crayons. () I’m drawing with my own crayons.

Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks

一、基本知识点

1. sick 生病的,有病的;可在句中作表语Mary could not come because she is sick.

也可作定语a sick child

【区别illillsick同义;但是只在句中做表语,不做定语。Mary could not come because she is ill.

2. cheer (sb.) up(让某人)变得高兴;振奋起来The good news cheered up everyone in our class.

3. give out分发;散发,相当于hand outThe teacher is giving out/ handing out the test papers.

give sth. out to sb. 意为 把某物分发给某人

4. volunteer 【名词】志愿者 【动词】义务做,自愿做(某事)volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事

The girls could volunteer in an after-school study program.

5. used to do sth.过去/曾经()做某事,表示过去的习惯、动作或状态,并强调现在已经不再存在或发生。

6. alone 【形容词】独自一人的,无感情色彩lonely (感到)孤独寂寞的,带有很强的感情色彩,可做表语或定语。7. care for sb./sth.照顾;照料……

care 【名词】小心,关心take care of=look after →【动词】care about sb./sth.关心,在意某人/

【形容词】careful 仔细的 / careless 粗心的【副词】carefully 仔细地

8. such “这样的,这种,如此,用于修饰名词

word/media/image6.gif such+ a/ an+形容词+单数名词:such a good day 多么美好的一天 /such an exciting match 多么 精彩的比赛

such+形容词+复数名词/不可数名词:such important decisions 多么重要的建议 such delicious food 多么美味的食物

如果名词前被many, much, few, little修饰时,只能用so,而不用suchso many sick children/ so little time

9. try out for…参加选拔,争取成为…try out试用,试验

10. journey 【名词】(尤指长途)旅行,行程;trip【名词】多指短途旅行;

travel【名词、动词】travel around the world →【名词】traveler旅行者

11.be busy with sth. 忙于(做)什么事情 be busy doing sth. 忙于(做)什么事情

12.try doing sth. 试着去做某事 try to do sth. 尽力去做某事 try one’s best (to do sth.) 尽某人最大的努力去做某事

13.be worried about sb./ sth. = worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人、某事

14. raise money集资,筹钱;raise money for………筹钱

raise【动词】举起;提高;募集

15. keep【动词】keep+名词,保留(某物);keep+形容词,保持

16.【形容词】broken破损的,出毛病的;blind瞎的,失明的;deaf聋的;disabled有残疾的,丧失能力的;在句中做定语和表语。

make it possible (for sb.) to do sth.使(某人)做某事成为可能,

make it +形容词(+for sb.) to do sth. 使(某人)做某事成为

think/find it +形容词to do sth.

18. make a difference to………有影响;对……有作用,difference前可以用no, any, some, much等修饰,如

19. difficulty【可数/不可数】表示抽象意义的困难时为不可数;表示具体的难题、难事时为可数;

have difficulty (in) doing sth.= have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难

20. train【动词】训练,trained为过去分词,可做定语,意为受过训练的”a trained dog

21. be excited about sth. 对某事感到兴奋 Everyone is excited about the good news.

【复习】excited意为 兴奋的,修饰人;exciting意为 令人兴奋/激动的,修饰物。

22. order【名词】命令,指示;顺序,次序【动词】订购;点(菜)follow the order

23. change【动词】变化,改变【名词】变化;零钱

change A for BA换成Brepair 【动词】修理,修补; fix【动词】安装;使固定 fix up修理=repair

Unit3 Could you please clean your room?

Could you please do sth ?请你(做)......好吗? 用于提出请求,希望得到对方的肯定回答,说话的语气比较客气委婉。

Could 不是can的过去式,是委婉、礼貌的说法。回答用can.

【常用答语】肯定回答:Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem. 否定回答: Sorry , I can’t

3. Can you do the dishes.?那你可以洗盘子吗?

do the dishes 洗碗

【结构1do the +名词: do the dishes/ laundry 洗餐具/衣服

【结构2do the +动词-ing do the cleaning 打扫卫生

【结构3do one’s + 名词 do one’s housework/ homework 做家务/家庭作业

【结构4do some +动词-ing do some reading/ shopping 读写书/购物

1Could I do a sth? 我可以做......吗?

用于表达请求,语气比较委婉。 Could I go out with my classmate this weekend?

2at least 至少,多指数量或程度上的最低限度。() at most 至少,不超过

Now all of us exercise at least an hour a day and outside school.

3finish v 结束;完成 finish doing sth 做完某事

5I think two hours of TV is enough for you! 我觉得你看两个小时的电视已经足够了。

1two hours of TV 表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时,通常被视作整体,谓语动词用单数形式。

6

【解析】take out 拿出;取出

take 的用法:

Please take some books to the classroom.

Take this medicine three times a day.

take

They usually take the bus to work.

It takes me two hours to do my homework every day.

【拓展】take 构成的短语:

take a walk 去散步 take a rest 休息 take care of 照顾 take off 脱下;起飞 take up 占据 take down 拿下 take one’s time 不急;慢慢来 take one’s temperature 量体温

7. The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over .

我刚坐在电视机前面,我妈妈就过来了。

【解析1the minute = as soon as “...... ......” Please write to me the minute you get there.

【解析2 in front of

指在物体外部的前面

There is a bike in front of the classroom.

【辨析】

指在物体内部的前面

Our teacher is standing in the front of the classroom

【记】 The driver sat _____in the front of___________ the car. The policeman stood ___in front of________ the car.

【注意】有thethe区别大:

word/media/image7.gif at table 吃饭;进餐 in hospital 住院

at the tabel 在桌边 in the hospital 在医院(不一定看病)

【解析3come over 过来

【拓展】 come 短语:

come across(偶然)发现 come back 回来 come up with想出

come true实现 come down下来 come from=be from来自,出生于

come in/into进入,进来 come on赶快,加油 come along走吧,过来,快点

come and go来来去去 come up上来 come out出来,()开,(照片)冲洗出来

7. all the time = always 一直;总是

8.as...as ... ......一样......

9. For one week , she did not do any housework and neither did I. 一周的时间,她不做任何家务,我也不做。

【解析】neither +助动词/系动词/情态动词 +主语某人(主语) 也不

neither两者都不

neither …nor… 既不也不…,连接两个词做主语,谓语动词由后一个主语确定Neither Tom nor Jim is a student

表达“…也不……” 则用 “Neither /Nor + be / V / V +

10. The next day , my mom came home from work to find the house clean and tidy.

第二天,妈妈下班回到家后发现房间很干净、整洁。

【解析】find +宾语+宾语补足语

【注】find → found →found v寻找

(1) find sb. doing sth 发现某人做某事

(2) find it + adj. + to do sth 发现做某事很……

find it difficult/ hard to do sth 发现做某事很困难

11. She asked in surprise.她吃惊地问道。

【解析】in surprise 惊奇地;吃惊地

surprise v 使吃惊→surprising adj. 令人吃惊的 →surprised adj. 吃惊的

to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是 in surprise 吃惊地 be surprised at ……感到吃惊

To my surprise_(使我吃惊的是),he got the first prize in the exam.

12. “ I’m do sorry, Mom. I finish understand that we need to share the housework to have a clean and comfortable home.” I replied.

【解析1need v 需要

用于肯定句,是实义动词。

(1)人做主语,sb. need to do sth 某人需要做某事

(2)物做主语,sth need doing sth= sth need to be done

Students need ___to have_______(have) a good rest in studying. The watch needs__mending___(mend).

用于否定句或疑问句,是情态动词

(1)needn’t = don’t have to 没有必要

(2)need ,must 引导的一般疑问句,肯定会的用must,否定回答用needn’t

— Must I go there now? — Yesyou must/No, you needn’t

【解析2share 分享;共用 share sth 分享或共用某物 share sth with sb. 与某人分享某物

13.Could I hang out with my friends after the movie? 看完电影后我能和朋友们一起闲逛吗?

【解析】hang out 闲逛 hang up ......悬挂/挂起

14. Could you please pass me the salt?你能把盐递给我吗?

【解析】pass v 给;递;走过;通过 pass sb.sth 把某物递给某 Pass on 传递

Please pass the paper on to the other students.

v 通过;路过 I pass your home.

v 通过(考试) ;及格 Tom can pass his math exam.

15.【解析】borrow /lend/keep

(1)borrow 借入 ,from 连用,尤指主语【借进来

borrow sth from sb. 从某人那里借某物 You can borrow the book from the library.

(2)lend 借出 ,to 搭配 【指借出去】

lend sb sth=lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人He doesn’t want to lend his book to others.

(3)keep 保留,保存(延续动词,可以与表示一段时间的状语连用)【指借一段时间】

【记】 I want to __borrow__ a bike from my friend but he didn’t _lend___ it to me,

because Tom had _kept____ it for two days.

16. 【解析】try (not) to do sth努力(不)做某事。

try v 试图,设法,努力

【拓展】 (1)try on 试穿

(2) try to do sth 努力做某事 【侧重尽力做】

(3) try doing sth 试图做某事 【侧重尝试做】

(4)try one’s best to do sth= do one’s best to do sth 尽某人最大努力做某事

18.【解析】ask sb. to do sth 要求某人做某事。

ask for 请求,要某物

ask sb. about sth 向某人询问关于某事

(1)ask sb. for help 向某人请求帮助

(2) ask sb. (not) to do sth请求某人做某事

ask构成的短语:

19.I’ll finish my homework while you help me with the dishes. 当你帮我洗盘子的时候,我将完成我的家庭作业。

【解析1finish doing sth 完成某事

— Can you finish _reading__ these books before 10 o’clock? — Yes, I can.

【解析2while conj. “……期间; ……的时候

While 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词只能是延续动词。

_While __ the children have fun, parents can take dance lessons on the beach.

【解析3help sb. with sth. 在某事上帮助某人。

【注】help v 帮助 → helpful adj. 有帮助的

(1)help sb. do sth. =help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事

(2)with the help of sb.=with one’s help在某人的帮助之下

(3)without the help of 没有在的帮助之下

20. Could I invite my friends to a party? 我能邀请我的朋友们来聚会吗?

【解析】invite sb. to Sp. 邀请某人去某地

【解析】invite v → invitation n邀请

(1) invite sb. to do sth 邀请某人做某事

(2)invite sb. to +地点 邀请某人去某地

21【解析】make sb. do sth 让某人做某事

make → made →made v. 做, 制作, 使得

(1) make sb/sth + 形容词让某人或某物…” make you happy

(2) make sb/sth do sth 使某人做某事 make me laugh.

22.【解析】have time to do sth.有时间做某事

have time =be free 有空

23.【解析】a waste of 浪费 a waste of time 浪费时间 a waste of money 浪费金钱

waste v “浪费

waste time/money on sth waste time / money (in) doing sth 在做某事上花费时间/金钱

24.【解析1spend... on sth 在某事上花费......

spend/pay/cost/take 花费

(1)spend→spent→spent v 花费,主语是人

sb.+ spend +时间/+on sth sb. +spend +时间/+in doing sth

spend on= pay for 支付

(2) pay →paid →paid v 支付,主语是人

sb.+ pay + +for sth I pay 10 yuan for the book.

(3) cost→ cost→ cost v 花费,主语是某物或某事

sth cost sb. + 某物花费某人多少钱

(4)take→took → taken v 花费

It takes /took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间

【解析2in order to “目的是;为了后接动词原形。 in order to do sth 为了做某事

【解析3get into =enter 进入

【拓展】与get相关的短语:

get up 起床 get back 返回 get over 克服

get dressed穿衣 get into进入 get/be lost丢失 get off/on/上车

get on well with sb.与某人相处得好 get out of出来 get warm 变暧

get ready for +n.做准备 get ready to do sth.准备做某事

get well康复 get a chance 有机会、得到机会

get/go to sleep(fall asleep)入睡 相关:(be asleep睡着)

25.【解析】get older 长大

get/ become/ go辨析:

word/media/image8.gifget+adj较多地与形容词比较级连用。 The days are getting longer and longer.

word/media/image9.gifbecome 强调变化的结果 It's becoming colder and colder.

word/media/image10.gifgo+adj.''表示令人不快的事情 go bad变坏,go blind变瞎,go hungry挨饿

26.【解析】provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物

provide v 提供

provide sb. with sth. (sb 前介词用for) =provide sth for sb.( sth 前需加介词with)供应某人某物

相当于:offer sb. sth. = offer sth to sb.

28.【解析】It is important for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是重要的

【解析】develop independence 培养独立意识

develop v→development n 发展→developing adj. 发展的→developed adj. 发达的

a developing country 一个发展中国家a developed country 一个发达国家

take care of 照顾

【拓展】与take相关的短语:

take photos/pictures 照像 take away拿走 take out取出(work out算出) take care当心 take a walk散步

take medicine服药 take place发生take one’s temperature量体温 take one’s time别着急

【解析2fall ill 生病 fall asleep 入睡

【解析】the + 比较级, the + 比较级...... ...... ”

Unit 4 Why don’t you talk to your parents?

【解析】Why don't you do sth ?= Why not do sth? 为什么不......呢?

【拓展】用于提建议的句型有:

(1)What about doing sth ?=How about doing sth? ….怎么样?

(2)Why don’t you do sth?= Why not do sth? 为什么不呢?

(3)Let’s do sth.让我们一起做某事吧。

(4)Shall we/I do sth?我们做好吗?

(5)had better do/not do sth 最好做/不做某事

(6) Will/Would you please do sth 请你做好吗?

(7) Would you like to do sth? 你想去做某事吗?

(8)Would you mind doing sth?你介意做某事吗?

【回答】

(1). 同意对方的建议时,一般用:


Good idea./ That’s good idea. 好主意

OK/ All right./ Great / /太好了

Yes, please ./ I’d love to 是的/ 我愿意

I agree with you 我同意你的看法

No problem 没问题

Sure/ Of course/ Certainly 当然可以

Yes, I think so 对,我也这样想

(2).对对方的帮助或要求表示委婉谢绝时,一般用:

I don’t think so 我认为不是这样

Sorry, I can’t 对不起,我不能

I’d love to, but…

I’m afraid…我愿意,但恐怕……


【解析】allow sb. to do sth 允许某人做某事

【拓展】allow v 允许

allow doing sth 允许做某事 They don’t allow smoking.

allow sb. to do sth 允许某人做某事My mother allows me to watch TV.

be allowed to do sth 被允许做某事

【拓展】:系动词:后跟adj. 作表语

一是:(be am /is /are be quiet=keep quiet 保持安静

二保持:stay/keep (表示持续状态) stay healthy=keep healthy 保持健康

三变化:become/get/turn (表示状态变化)

五起来:sound/look/smell/taste/feel (表示感觉)

【解析1find sb. doing sth 发现某人正在做某事类似动词:hearwatch, see, feel

【解析2look through 浏览

【拓展】与look相关的短语:

look for look after=take care of look like look the same look over look through

look out look up look around look forward to

【解析】be angry with sb. 生某人的气

【拓展】angry adj. 生气的→ angrily adv. 生气地

(1)be angry with sb. =be mad at sb. 对某人生气【with后接人】

(2)be angry at/about sth对某事感到生气 at后接事】

(3)be angry to do sth 做某事感到生气

【解析2It’s not a big deal. 没什么大不了;不是什么大事(常用于口语中)

You left your homework at home. 你把作业忘在家里了。

【解析】leave v 遗忘,留下 leave sth . somewhere把某物忘在某地 leave sb. by oneself 把某人单独留下

12. Hope things work out. 希望事情顺利解决。

【解析1hope v 希望

hope to do sth I hope to visit Guilin. hope + that 从句 (表示希望) I hope that you’ll be better soon

wish v 希望 wish to do sth wish sb.to do sth 希望某人做某事 I wish you to go.

wish +that 从句 表示愿望,从句用虚拟语气 I wish I were you.

【解析2work out 解决;成功地发展,后跟fine,well, badly等词,表明产生的结果如何。

work out

13.My problem is I can’t get on with my favorite. 我的问题是我不能喝我的家人和睦相处。

【解析】get on with sb. 和某人和睦相处;和某人关系良好 =get along with get on well/ badly with 相处的好/

【解析1argue 争吵

→argument n 争论 have an argument with sb.与某人辩论

argue with sb. 与某人争吵 argue with sb. about sth 为某事与某人争吵 argue about sth 争论某事

argue against 争辩;反对 He argued against the plan

【解析2 hang over 挂在......之上; 悬浮在......之上

hang out 闲逛;常去某处 hang on to 紧紧抓住hang up 挂电话;悬挂

【解析】elder adj.年纪较长的

【解析2be nice to sb. 对某人友好 be friendly to sb. be good to sb.

16.He always refuses to let me watch my favorite TV show. 他总是拒绝让我看我最喜欢的电视节目。

【解析】refuse =say no to v拒绝 refuse to do sth拒绝去做某事

17.Instead he watches whatever he wants until late at night.

相反,他却想看什么酒看什么, 一直到深夜。

【解析1 instead 代替,反而,替

(1) instead 副词,代替,常放在句首或句尾,表示前面的事情没做,而做了后面的事情。

Lee was ill so I went instead.李病了,所以我去了。

(2) instead of +n/doing 代替,而不是,放在句中

instead of 为介词短语,后面一般接名词、代词、介词短语或动名词形式。

She wrote to him instead of calling him.=She didn’t call him. She wrote to him instead.

她没有给他打电话,而是给他写了封信。

【解析2 whatever = no matter what 任何,每一

【解析】 offer to do sth 主动提出做某事

【拓展】offer v 主动给予

(1) offer to do sth 主动提出做某事

(2)offer sb. sth= offer sth to sb. 主动提供给某人某物

【解析2communicate v交流 communication n 交流;沟通communicate with sb. 和某人交流

【解析】explain 解释;说明 → explanation n 解释;说明

explain sth to sb. 向某人解释某事。 explain to sb sth给某人解释某事

【解析】 be worried about sth. 担心某事

【拓展】worry v 担心 → worried adj. 焦急的 worry about = be worried about ……担心

【解析】return v 归还=give back return ... to ... = give back to ... ......还给......

v 回来;返回 = come back

【解析】press v 按;压 →pressure压力

⑴不可数名词 (物理学)压力air pressure 气压 blood pressure 血压

⑵不可数名词 还可指精神上、外界施加的压力 = stress under pressure 在压力下

【解析】compete v竞争;对抗 → competition n 竞争

compete with sb. 和某人竞争compete against/ with ……竞争compete for ……参加比赛

【解析】improve =make ... better 改进 →improvement n 提高

【解析】opinion n 意见;想法;看法 in one’s opinion 以某人的观点;在某人看来

give opinions about sth. 给出关于某事的观点。

【解析】some time /sometime/some times/sometimes

【口诀】:分开是一段, 合起是某时; 分开s 是倍次,合起s是有时

(1) some time一段时间,做时间状语 It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间

(2) sometime adv 在某个时候,

(3) some times 名词词组,几次,几倍” Mr. Green went to Sanya some times last summer.

(4)sometimes=at times 有时 (一般现在时的标志词)

【解析】cut out 删除;删去 (v+adv) You’d better cut out that sentence.

cut up 切碎 cut down 砍到 cut in 插队 cut off 切断(水、电)供应

【解析】successful 成功的【拓展】 succeed v 成功,达到 →success n 成功

→successful adj 成功的→successfully adv成功地

succeed in doing sth

【解析】It’s time for sth 是到做某事的时候了。It’s time for lunch. It’s time to do sth It’s time to go to school.

【解析】continue 继续;持续

【拓展】continue doing sth =go on doing sth 继续做某事(前后做同一件事)

continue to do sth = go on to do sth 继续做某事(前后不是同一件事)

【拓展】continuego on, last辨析

continue v.继续,持续,指进程在时间或空间上的延续,强调持续不断,有时也可以指短暂停止后继续进行。

go on指无间歇或有间歇地继续,或以某种特定方式继续。

go on to do sth继续做某事,指开始做另外一件事;

go on doing sth继续做原来所做的事情。

last v.持续,延续,维持,指某事物继续存在或某种现象在时间上延续,说明某一动作要延续一段时间。

34.Mothers send their small kids to all kinds of classes. 妈妈们把她们的小孩子送去各种各样的辅导班。

【解析1send→ sent → sent v 发送

【短语】: send away 赶走 send for 派人去请

send off 寄出 send out 分发 send up 发射send sb. sth = send sth to sb. 送给某人某物

【注】类似的动词有:show (展示; ……) give () lend (借出) offer(提供) return (归还) tell 告诉)

【解析2all kinds of 各种各样的

【拓展】kind (1) n 种类

kind of +adj.有点,有几分,kind of cold 有点冷 a kind of 一种的,某种的 all kinds of 各种各样的

different kinds of 不同种类的 What kind of…?那种

(2) adj. 友好的 be kind to sb. = be good to sb.=be friendly to sb. 对某人友好

【辨析】kind of kinds of:

a01534ebbcf78c67ab5c9d008d6fb498.pngkind of 单独用,表示有点,后接形容词或副词: He is kind of thin.”他有点瘦” I feel kind of hungry.”我有点饿

Uncle Wang speaks kind of quickly. 王叔叔说得有点快。

6a09b7c46a417221c84b05dc7720b274.pngkind of前有a, this, that, what等,译为种,种类后加名词。

【解析】compare A with B AB 比较

(1)compare…with… ………..做比较

(2) compare…to… …..比做……

【拓展】 cause, reason, excuse辨析

cause n.原因,指引起某种结果的原因,后接介词of.

The cause of the accident was the fact that he was driving too fast.事故的原因是他开车开的太快。

reason n.理由,原因,指决定做某事或采取某项行动的理由。

The reason he was driving so fast was that he didn’t want to miss an important meeting.他开车如此快的原因是他不想错过一个重要的会议。

excuse n.辩解,借口,指对某种行为所做的解释,可以是真的,也可以是托词。

He made a good excuse for his driving.他为自己开快车找了一个堂皇的借口。

【解析】in one’s opinion 以某人的观点; 在某人看来

40. Perhaps children/ parents should / could ......或许孩子们/父母应该/ 可能.......

【解析】perhaps 也许;可能

【拓展】perhapsprobablypossiblymaybe辨析

perhaps意为也许,可能,一般指比较小的可能性。

Perhaps I will see him the day after tomorrow, but I am not sure.也许我后天去看他,不过我不能确定。

probably“很可能,大概,其可能性最大,表示一种几乎完全肯定的意思。

He will probably refuse the offer.他很可能会拒绝这份提议。

possibly意为可能,或许,也许,可能性较大。

I’ll see you today, or possibly tomorrow.我今天要见你,不过也可能是明天。

maybe“或许,大概,主要用于非正式场合,常用在口语中,语气比perhaps轻。

Maybe you put the letter in your basket. 或许你把信放在你的篮子里了。

【解析】crazy. adj. 不理智的;疯狂的 (在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语)

be crazy about ……着迷;热衷于…… I’m crazy about football.

【解析】It’s + adj.(easy,difficult,important,necessary) +(for sb.) to do sth

【注】若形容词表示事物特征的,如:easy ,difficult, hard ,important等,须用介词for 【形容物,用for

It’s +adj( kind, honest, friendly, )+(of sb) to do sth.

【注】 若形容词表示人的性格、品质与特点,如:good ,kind ,nice, wrong等,用介词of。【形容人用of

43. keep on happening 持续发生

【解析】keep on doing 继续做某事 keep sb. doing sth 让某人一直做某事 keep up with 跟上

keep sb. from doing sth阻止某人做某事 keep away from避开

二、重点语法

1. 情态动词shouldcould的用法

should的用法

should为情态动词,表示劝告、建议,意为应该,它和其他情态动词一样,没有人称和数的变化,后接动词原形,其否定形式为shouldn’t

Maybe she should say sorry to you.也许她应该跟你说声对不起。

could的用法

情态动词could既是can的过去式,表示过去的能力,又可以表示谨慎、客气的建议,后接动词原形,其否定形式为couldn’t

My grandfather could drive well even at the age of eighty.我的祖父甚至到了80岁任然能很好地驾车。

You could go out and buy her some medicine. 你可以出去给他买些药。

( ) The girl_____ read before she went to school. A. Could B. Couldn’t C. Should D. May

2.状语从句

状语从句就是在句子中作状语的从句。状语从句有好几种,如时间状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句等。本单元重点讲述以下三种类型的状语从句。

1).until引导的时间状语从句

until意为直到;在........之前。注意untilnot.....until在用法上的区别。

Until:在带有tilluntil引导的时间状语从句里

如果主句用肯定式,其含义是一直到……,谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式,其含义是直到…………”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。

The young man read till the light went out. Let’s wait until the rain stops.

We won’t start until Bob come Don’t get off until the bus stops. Continue in this direction until you see a sign.

一直朝着这个方向走直到你看见一个指示牌。

I didn’t wake up until I heard the alarm clock. 直到听到闹钟的铃声我才醒来。

2).so that引导的目的状语从句

so that是连词,意为为的是,以便,引导目的状语从句。

注意so that, in order thatin order to在用法上的区别。

Let me take down your telephone number so that I can call you later.让我记下你的号码,为的是以后好打电话给你。

3). although引导的状语从句

although的用法意思相当于though(尽管,虽然),用来引导让步状语从句。它所引导的从句不能与并列连词butand so等连用,但可以和yet still等词连用。

Although the book was old, we decided to buy it.尽管这本书很旧,我们还是决定买。

Although he was tired, he went on working.

Although he had only entered the contest for fun, he won first prize.尽管他参加这次竞赛只不过是闹着玩而已,却赢得了头等奖。

Unit5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?

.基础知识讲解.

What were people doing yesterday at the time of the rainstorm?昨天当暴风雨来临的时候人们正在做些什么?

【解析1】过去进行时

过去进行时态

.用法:①过去某个时间正在发生的动作 He was cooking at six last night. 昨天晚上六点,他正在做饭。

②过去某段时间正在发生的动作

I was staying here from March to May last year.去年从3月到5月,我一直呆在这里。

.与过去进行时连用的时间状语,常见的有 at nine last night/ at that time= then/at this time yesterday /

或有when the teacher came in/ while he was reading的提示

过去进行时的构成:was\were +现在分词

过去进行时的四个基本句型

肯定句 He was cooking at six last night.

否定句 He was not cooking at six last night.

一般疑问句 Was he cooking at six last night?

两回答 Yes ,he was. No, he wasn’t.

特殊疑问句 What was he doing at six last night?

过去进行时的固定句型

Jim was reading when the teacher came in. 当老师进来的时候,吉姆正在读书。

Jim was reading while Kate was watching TV.

在凯特正在看电视的同时,吉姆正在读书。

Jim came in while Kate was watching TV. 在凯特正在看电视的时候,吉姆进来了。

⑹请比较 He watched TV last night. (过去时间last night, 用一般过去时)

He was watching TV at nine last night. (过去时间last night+点时间at nine, 用过去进行时)

【解析2at the time of ...... 的时候 (常用于过去进行时)

【解析3rainstorm n 暴风雨 raincoat 雨衣 raindrop雨滴

【解析1alarm n 闹钟 an alarm clock 一个闹钟

【解析2go off 发出响声,  (闹钟)闹响 ,离开 The alarm went off just now. 刚才警钟响了

【短语】 go over 复习 go away 离开

go by (时间)过去 go for a walk 出去散步go fishing/shopping/skating/swimming去钓鱼/去买东西/去溜冰/去游泳

【解析】heavily adv 在很大程度上

形容风大的时候常用strong/hard, 形容雨雪下得大的时候用heavily/hard

【注】heavyyi +ly 变为adv ,类似的adj还有:

【解析】pick up 接电话

【解析1with + n +adv ,在句中做伴随状语

with +n +adj. She can see stars in the dark sky with the window open

【解析2feel like doing sth = would like/want to do sth想要做某事

【解析】report v 报道 → reporter n 记者

make a report 做报告 weather report 天气预报give a report 作报告 It’s reported that… 据报道

【解析2either

【辨析】also /too/as well/ either

(1) also 也,用于肯定句句中,用在实义动词之前,系动词、助动词、情态动词之后。

(2) too 也, 用于肯定句句末 (3) either ,通常放于否定句末

【解析1.beatwin辨析

3eeafba1c9e63bbf8354838c8273cd38.png

【解析3 against 倚;碰;撞

word/media/image8.gif表示反对,其反义词为 for。若表示强烈反对,一般用副词 strongly

word/media/image9.gif表示位置,意为靠着顶着

【解析】 at first 首先;最初

【拓展】(1) at first = at the beginning 最初,开始 【强调在时间顺序或做某事过程等开始之初】

(2) first of all 首先,第一 【表明陈述事情的重要性】

【解析1 fall asleep 进入梦乡;睡着

【拓展】sleep / asleep 辨析:

(1) sleep =be in bed v 睡觉,指睡的动作状态,

(2) get to sleep =fall asleep 入睡,强调进入睡眠的状态

(3)go to bed 上床睡觉,强调睡觉的动作。

【拓展】fall asleep, sleep, go to sleep, get to sleep, go to bed用法区别。

fall asleep连系动词+表语结构,入睡;睡着,指进入梦乡,往往含有不知不觉就睡着了的意思。asleep在此作表语形容词。

sleep指睡觉时的一种状态,是一个延续性的动词。

go to sleep意为入睡,睡着,强调从开始睡到睡着的过程。

get to sleepgo to sleep意思相近,但它强调的是进入睡眠状态。

go to bed“就寝上床睡觉,指上床去睡这个动作,与get up相对应。

【解析2 die down 逐渐变弱;逐渐消失

【拓展】die downdie out的用法区别:

指火的熄灭时,用die downdie out皆可。

die down往往指火势由强到弱慢慢熄灭,植物慢慢死亡这一过程;

die out则指熄灭这一事实,而且不及die down用的普遍。

die down:反映风、声音、愤怒、掌声、战斗等平息下来。

die out:指家庭、种族、物种、组织、信仰等的消失或消亡。

This kind of bird has died out in the world.这种鸟已经在世界上灭绝了。

【解析2rise 增加;提高;增强;上升,升起

【解析2 everywhere 处处,到处;各个地方

【辨析】join/join in/take part in

(1) join=be a member of 参加 ,指加入某种组织,并成为其中的一员。

join the army / party 入伍/ join the club 加入俱乐部

join in 后接活动名称

join sb. 加入到某个人群之中

(2) take part in 参加 ,指加入群体活动中并在活动中发挥重要作用。

【解析】 happen 发生;碰巧(指偶然性发生)

(1) happen v “发生没有被动语态 ,主语是物,强调某事发生的偶然性

a. sth. happen to sb. 某事发生在某人身上What happened to you?=What was wrong with him?

b. sb. happen to do sth. 某人碰巧做某事 She happened ________(be) out when we called.

(2)take place 发生,指事情有计划有安排地发生The sports meeting took place in our school last week.

(3) It happened that…碰巧

【解析】 make one’s way to … 在某人去……的路上(当后接地点副词时,应省略介词to

【解析1remember to do sthremember doing sth的用法区别。

  ⑴remember to do sth记得去做某事(此事还未做)

  ⑵remember doing sth记得做过某事(此事已做完)

【解析2take down 拆掉;拆毁

【解析1be surprised to do sth 做某事很吃惊

【拓展】surprise v 使吃惊→surprising adj. 令人吃惊的

→surprised adj. 吃惊的 to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是 in surprise 吃惊地

be surprised at ……感到吃惊

【解析2hear的用法 hear意为听见,强调听的结果。

【结构】:hear sb. do sth听见某人做某事; hear sb. doing sth听见某人正在做某事

hear也有听说之意,这时后接that引导的宾语从句。

hear about意为听说,相当于hear of,后面接词或短语。

hear from意为收到.......的来信;有.......的消息=get/receive a letter from.

【解析】true adj. 真的 → truly adv. 真地 →truth 实情;事实to be truth n. 真相

honest = to tell (you) the truth老实说;说实话

【解析】trouble n 困难; 苦恼; 忧虑

in trouble 处于困境中 get sb. into trouble 使某人陷入困境

What's the trouble with you ?= What’s the matter with you ?= Wha’t wrong with you ?你怎么啦?

have trouble indoing sth 做某事有麻烦

have problem /difficulty/fun (in) doing sth 做某事有问题/困难/乐趣

Unit6 An old man tried to move the mountains.

二.语法难点

1.unless引导条件状语从句 

unless = if … not “除非,若不” 

They will go tomorrow unless it rains.= They will go tomorrow if it doesn’t rains.

as soon as引导时间状语从句。 “一……就” He will come and see you as soon as he can.

3. so.......that引导结果状语从句

句型1“主语+谓语+so+形容词/副词+that从句”The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward.

句型2 so +形容词 + a/an + 单数名词 + that从句 It was so hot a day that they all went swimming.

句型3. so + many/ few + 复数名词 + that从句 He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.

句型4 so +much/ little + 不可数名词 + that 从句 I had so little money that I couldn’t buy a pen.

三.知识点讲解与练习

How does the story begin? 故事是怎么发生的?

【解析】begin began begun v 开始→ beginning n 开始 at the beginning of ……开始

【拓展】begin to do sth/ doing sth 开始做某事

Li Yundi ______________(begin) to play the piano at the age of 4.

2. A man told yu Gong that he could never do it.一个人告诉愚公他绝不可能把山移走。

【解析1tell sb. that 告诉某人

【辨析】speak/talk/say/tell

say+ 说话内容

say to sb.

It is said that... “据说”。It is said that he could stay under the water for a long time. 据说他能呆在水里很长时间。

 speak vt,“说”“讲”,其宾语常是某种语言。speak French说法语;

speak+ 语言 speak to sb. May I speak to Tom?

talk“讲、谈论,谈话”是不及物动词, talk to/ with sb. about sth.

(1)talk about/of 谈论……

(2)talk to / with 交谈 give a talk做报告 talk n.报告) have a talk听报告

They are talking about the film 他们正谈论这部电影。The teacher is talking with Mike 老师正和迈克谈话。

tell“告诉,对…说”.作及物动词,

tell the truth 说真话 tell a lie说谎

tell the time “报时“ tell a story讲故事

tell sb. sth. tell sth. to sb. tell me a story

tell sb. to do sthMy mother tells me to buy some fruit

tell : 辨别,说出区别 tell A from B

tell the differences between A and B

【解析】work on 忙于; 从事

2011湖南邵阳】— Could I borrow your computer, Bob? — Sorry, I am _______it.

【拓展】work 短语总结:

【解析1as soon as …………

(引导时间状语从句,从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时)

【解析2 continue doing sth =go on doing sth 继续做某事(前后做同一件事)

continue to do sth = go on to do sth 继续做某事(前后不是同一件事)

【解析】 take away ……带走

【解析1remind 提醒;使想起

【拓展】remind =make sb. remember v 使记住

【记】re+ mind remind

(1) remind of 提醒,使记起 (2) remind sb. of sth 使某人记起某事

(3) remind sb. to do sth提醒某人去做某事 (4) remind sb. + that从句

【解析1a good way to do sth. 一个做某事的办法

【解析2solve v 解决 solution n 解决的办法

solve 常与problem 搭配,表示“解决问题”,且问题难度大。

answer 常与question搭配,表示“回答问题”, 问题难度小。

【解析】agree v ()disagree agreement n同意

(1) agree with sb. 同意某人( 表示同意某人或某人的意见、想法)

(2) agree on 主要指双方通过协商而取得一致意见或达成协议

(3) agree to 主要用来表示一方提出一项建议、安排、计划等,另一方同意协作。

(4) agree to do sth 同意做某事

【解析】⑴another “ 另一个; 另外的” ,泛指三种或三种以上的另一个。

others “另一些” , some对比使用时,无“其他”之意。

the others “其余的” , 指在一个范围内的其他全部。⑷the other “另一个” , 指两者中的另一个。

【解析】seem 似乎,好像

seem to be + adj. (说明主语的特征或状态) Mr. Green seemed to be quite happy.

It seems + that 从句It seems that Mr. Green will not come again .

【解析】neither 两者都不(反)both两者都

“neither of +名词复数作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式

neither… nor … “既不也不……” ,连接两个词做主语,谓语动词遵循就近原则。

若要表达“也不…… 则用 “Neither /Nor + be / V / V +

【解析】once upon a time= long long ago 从前 (常用于故事的开头)

【解析】be born 出生 通常用于一般过去时

be born in +月份/年份/ 地点 ……// 地方出生

be born on + 具体的某天 ……出生 He was born on a cold morning.

【解析】give birth (to sb /sth) 生孩子,产仔

【解析2 turn … into … ……变成……;把……译成……

turn on 打开turn off 关掉(煤气,水,电,收音机,电视机等) turn down关小 turn to 翻到

22.And as soon as the TV program came out more than 30 years ago, Western children became interested in reading this story because the clever Monkey King keeps fighting to help the weak and never gives up .

30 多年前,这个电视节目开播的时候,西方的孩子就对这个故事产生了兴趣,因为聪明的猴王通过不断斗争来帮助弱者,并且从不放弃。

【解析1as soon as解,引导时间状语从句。

【解析5be / become interested in … ……感兴趣 interestinteresting/interested 有趣的

be interested in 感兴趣

【解析6the +形容词 表示一类人,作主语时,谓语动词用复数。

【解析】fall in love with 爱上

【解析】fit 适合,合身

【解析1couple 一对;

the couple 夫妻二人 (谓语动词通常用复数) The young couple are quarreling with each other.

a couple of 两三个

【解析2couldn’t stop doing sth= couldn’t help doing sth忍不住做某事

【解析3get married 结婚

【拓展】marry v嫁娶

(1)A marry B. “A B结婚” Bill married Mary on January 1, 1994.

(2) A and B get married = A and B are married AB结婚

get married 结婚 Kate and Tom get married last year.

(3) marry A to B “ A 嫁给B” She married her daughter to a rich man.

(4) be married to sb ……结婚

【解析】make sth. for sb.为某人制作某物 = make sb. Sth I make a cake for my daughter.

【解析】 make a plan to do sth 制定计划去做某事

make a plane for sth 为了某事而制定计划

【拓展】plan→ planning → planned v/n 计划

【注意】plan 的过去式,过去分词,现在分词都要双写n

make a plan for ……制定计划

plan to do sth 计划做某事= plan on doing sth

【解析】whole 全部的;整体的

【辨析】whole/all

(1) whole adj. 整个的,全部的 ,用于冠词之后 the whole country 全国 the whole school 全校

(2) all adj. 全体的,全部的 用于冠词和所有其他限定词之前

常用词组:above all 首先,最重要的是 not… at all 一点也不

all the time 一直 all over the world 遍及全世界 first of all 首先

【记】

【解析1not … until …直到…………

【感叹句】 What (a / an) + adj. + n. + + 谓!

How + adj. / adv. + + 谓!

【解析1lead 带路;领路

lead to 导致...... 通向...... lead sb. to do sth 带领某人做某事

【解析2 be made of ……制成【拓展】make made made v 制作,做

(1) make v 制作,做

make a milk shake 制作一份奶昔 make kites 制作风筝 make the bed 整理床铺 make sentence 造句

make a noise 制作噪音 make a mistake 放错 make money 赚钱 make friends with ……交朋友

(2) make 的被动语态结构:

be made of … “ 被用……制成” (看得出原材料) The table is made up of wood.

be made from 被用……制成” (看不出原材料) The bread is made from wheat.

be made into + 成品 被制成……”

be made up of…= consists of ……构成

(3) make v 迫使,导致

make sb. do sth 让某人做某事 make sb. laugh 使某人发笑

make sb/sth + adj. 使某人、某物处于某种状态 Rainy days often make me sad

be made to do sth 被迫做某事

【解析1voice 声音【拓展】voice/noise /sound

(1)voice 多指人说话、唱歌、鸟的叫声。

(2)noise n noisy adj. 吵闹的 指不悦耳的吵闹声 如嘈杂声、噪音等make a noise制造噪音

(3)sound n 泛指人听到的任何声音。② v 听起来

【解析】send sb. to +地点 将某人送到某地 send sent sent v 发送

【短语】: send away 赶走 send for 派人去请

send off 寄出 send out 分发 send up 发射

send sb. sth = send sth to sb. 送给某人某物

【解析】keep doing sth 一直做某事

【拓展】keep kept kept v 留住;保持

(1)keep +adj. 使保持…… keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康

keep quiet =be quiet 保持安静

(2)keep sb. doing sth 使某人一直做某事

(3)keep sb. from doing sth 阻止某人做某事

(4)keep away from 远离……

(5) be keep on doing sth . / to do sth 喜爱/ 渴望做某事

(6) keep out 挡住; 使进不去

(7) keep sth for sb. 为某人保留某物

Unit 7 What’s the highest mountain in the world?

time word/media/image12.gif “是......的几倍”

主语 + 数词 + times + as +形容词+ as +被比较的内容 Our new school is four times as big as the old one.

word/media/image13.gif 次数一次 once 两次 twice 三次及三次以上 :基数词 + times three times 三次 three or four times 三到四次

【短语】many times 很多倍 last time ()上次…… every time 每次/每回…… each time 每当……

the first time 第一次…… next time ()下次……

【句型 

  It’s time for sth .  Its time ( for sb . ) to do sth . 意为:该是……的时候了 

  It’s time for dinner . 该是吃晚餐的时候了。 

  It’s time for children to go to bed . 是小孩睡觉的时候了。

2012浙江杭州2We have two ears and one mouth so that we can listen _____ we speak.

A. as twice much as B. twice as much as C. as much as twice D. as much twice as

【解析】up to 高达

up to +数量词 达到 (某数量、程度等);至多

be up to sb. “由某人决定”

【解析1the other 其他的 (指两个事物或两个人中的“另一个”, 后接名词时,表示“其他的人或物”;

One.... The other ... (两者中)一个...... 另一个........

the others=the other +复数名词

the other的复数形式是the others “其他东西,其余的人”。特指某一范围内的“其他的(人或物)”。
【解析2prepare…for… ……准备……

1). prepare sth.表示"准备......",后接名词或代词作宾语。

2). prepare to do sth.表示"准备做......"

3). prepare for sth.表示"......做准备"

【解析1run over 撞倒 run →ran→ run→ running    → runner 赛跑的人

【短语】run after 追逐,追求  run away from 从……跑掉;逃避  run out (某物)被用完  run out of 用完(某物

run into 无意间碰到,和……相撞 

【解析3fall down 跌倒

fall “落下,跌落,降落”,指在重力的作用下落下,或失去平衡而跌落 The leaves fall in the autumn.

fall down强调的是“滑倒、倒下”,后接宾语时应加上介词from The book fell down from the table to the floor.

【短语】 fall down 倒下 fall over 落在...之上, 脸朝下跌倒

fall off 下降, 跌落 fall over“向前摔倒、跌倒”。

die v. →(延续性动词) be dead 死,死亡 death n. 死,死亡→dead adj. 死的 dying adj. 将死的

【拓展】die from 死于 die v“表示生命的结束→ dead adj 死的→death n 死亡

常用短语

die from + 外因死于……”,主要指事故等方面的外部原因。

die of + 内因 主要指疾病、衰老、情感等自身原因

die of hunger/an illness 饿/病死 His grandfather died of liver cancer in 1992.

die out“(家族、物种等)灭绝;绝迹

【解析2illness 疾病;病

ill /sick 共同点:"生病的;有病的"

  不同点:ill adj."生病的;有病的"作表语,不能作定语 be ill in hospital

sick 作表语/作定语,"病人"a sick man the sick,

【拓展】sick "恶心的;厌倦的" The smell makes me sick.这气味使我感到恶心。

【解析】spend … (in) doing 花时间做某事

【】spend/pay/cost/take 花费

(1)spendspentspent v 花费,主语是人

sb.+ spend +时间/+on sth

sb. +spend +时间/+in doing sth

spend on= pay for 支付

(2) pay paid paid v 支付,主语是人

sb.+ pay + +for sth

(3) cost cost cost v 花费,主语是某物或某事

sth cost sb. + 某物花费某人多少钱(4)taketook taken v 花费

【解析】 There be + 名词(短语) + ving. 某处有某人或某物在做某事

Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet?

【解析】fight over ……争吵 fight for + 抽象名词(事业、自由、权利) “为......而斗争”

have a fight with ......打了一架

【解析1abroad adv 在国外;到国外 My father often goes abroad.

abroad 用法:表示到(在)国外,是一个副词,前面不加介词。

go abroad 出国 live abroad 住在国外 at home and abroad 在国内外

【解析2return = come / go back返回= give sth back 归还Return ... to ... .......归还给.......

【解析3on the radio 在收音机里;通过无线广播介词on 表示 ......方式”

on the Internet 通过因特网;在网上 on the telephone 通过电话 on TV 通过电视

【解析】actually 真实地,事实上actually in fact 用法的区别

 actually adv. ① (无比较级、最高级)实际上,事实上,实际in fact 相当于really, truly

【解析】ever since 自从……以来

ever since 作连词时=since, ever起强调作用 ,主句常用现在完成时.

for example/such as辨析:

for example“例如”,一般只以同类事物或人中的“一个”为例,作插入语,用逗号隔开,可置于句首、句中或句末。

【析】for example意为用来举例说明,有时可作为独立语,插在句中,不影响句子其他部分的语法关系。

Hefor exampleis a good student. 例如,他就是个好学生。

such as“例如”,用来列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。

【析】such as用来列举事物,插在被列举事物与前面的名词之间,

as 后不可以有逗号,可以与 and so on 连用。

【解析3success 成功

succeed v 成功,达到 success n 成功 successful adj 成功的→successfully adv成功地

succeed in doing sth make a success 取得成功

【详解】belong v 属于 = be owned by

belong to +人名(不能用所有格)+代词宾格(不能用物主代词) 属于

【注】:belong to不能用于进行时态或被动形式,其主语常常是物。

Sth belongs to sb = sth is sb’s The yellow car belongs to Mr. Smith = The yellow car is Mr. Smith’s.

【解析】million 一百万

hundred n hundreds of 数以百的 thousand n thousands of成千上万的 million n 百万 millions of成百万的

【注】:(1)million 前面有具体的数字时,用单数形式

(2)million 后与of 连用时用复数形式, millions of 是数百万的意思,前面不能加数词

【口诀】:具体的不加s 也不加of,不具体的加s 也加of

【解析1hope v 希望

(1)hope to do sth. 希望做某事 I hope ______ (see) you again.

(2)hope +that 从句 I hope you may succeed

(3)I hope so 我希望是这样

(4)I hope not 我希望不是这样

【注】:不能说 hope sb. to do sth 但可以说 wish sb. to do sth.希望某人做某事

hope/wish辨析:

wish一般表示某种强烈而又难以实现的愿望

hope表示的是可以实现或能达到的希望

【解析】 the number of

word/media/image8.gifthe number of 表示“……的数目” ,后跟名词复数或代词,其后的谓语动词用单数。

word/media/image9.gifa number of 表示“大量的,许多” ,后跟复数名词,其后谓语动词用复数。

【解析】be from =come from 来自She is from France=She comes from France.

【注】be from 构成否定句时,在be 后加not;构成疑问句时,将be 提起。

come from 构成否定句或疑问句时,要借助助动词dodoes.

【解析】 introduce v 介绍;引进

(1) introduce oneself to sb. 向某人作自我介绍 Let me introduce myself to you.

(2) introduce A to B.A介绍给B May I introduce my friend Jim to you?

(3) introduce into 引进

【解析】(1) in the end =at last =finally 最后,终于

(2) at the end of ….的结尾(反)at the beginning of ……开始

【既可用来表示时间, 也可以用来表示地点】

at the end of the speech 在演讲结束时 at the end of the road 在路的尽头

(3).by the end of …..结束时,常与过去完成时连用(had+过去分词)

现在完成时:

1.概念:

过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。

2.时间状语:

recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, already ,yet ,never ,ever, just, before, so far ,once, twice etc.

3.基本结构: have/has + done

4.否定形式: have/has + not +done.

5.一般疑问句: havehas放于句首。

6.反义疑问句: 直接用has /have 进行反问

7.与时间段连用时,短暂性动词应改为相应的延续性动词。

go out----be out finish-----be over leave ----be away from buy ----have borrow /lend -----keep

open ---be open close---be closed die---dead start/begin ----be on join—--be in /be a member of /be a soldier become –be make friend ---be friend get up ---be up fall asleep ---be asleep catch a cold – have a cold reach/get/arrive---stay/be

Unit 10 I ’ve had this bike for three years.

1. I’ve had it for three years. 我拥有它三年了。

【解析】for +一段时间 表示动作持续一段时间,用于现在完成时

【解析1keep kept ; kept)保留

keep 用法归纳如下:

一、用作系动词,意为“保持(某种状态)”,其后常接形容词作表语。 Please keep quiet / silent! 请保持安静!

二、用作实义动词,

word/media/image8.gif. 保管;保存;保留 . 赡养;饲养 坚持;继续 V-ing 形式作宾语。

阻止;阻碍 keep sb/sth from doing sth 其中介词 from 不能省略。

保持。 其后常接复合宾语,表示使(某人或某物)保持某种状态或使某一动作继续。

keep + sb/sth + 介词。 keep + sb/sth + 形容词。

keep + sb/sth + V-ing ,“让某人 / 某物一直……”,强调动作的持续性。

keep a record 保持记录, keep in touch (with)保持与……的联系 keep out (of) 把……关在外面,

keep up 保持;使……不能入睡 keep one's / an eye on密切注视 keep away (from) 离开

keep in mind 牢记 keep one's word 遵守诺言

【解析】 in need 需要;需求

【拓展】in danger 在危险中 in trouble在困境中 in silence 在沉默中 in good health 在好的健康状态中

【解析】no more ;not … anymore/ no longer ;not... any longer不再

位置区别: 当修饰动词时,no longer通常置于be或行为动词前;no more一般置于行为动词后。

not... any longernot... any more常置于句末。

5. Because I’ve had it since I was a baby. 因为自从我很小的时候我就有它了。

【解析】since 自从

Since +从句(一般过去时),主句用现在完成时 He has studied very hard since he came to our school.

【辨析】since for 在现在完成时态中的用法:

【解析】a bit 稍微;有点儿

a bit /a little辨析:

a bita little在肯定句中, 修饰动词、形容词、副词和比较级,"一点儿"。。

a little可以直接作定语修饰名词,

a bit修饰名词,需后面加of构成短语 ,两者都只能修饰不可数名词

【解析】check out 查看;观察 check v检查

【解析】grow up 成长 (常用于指人或动物)

【解析】clear out 清理;把……清空 clean up 清理;使整洁

【解析1decide 决定decide v 决定→-decision n 决定

(1)decide to do sth= make up one’s mind to do sth 决定做某事

(2)make a decision 做决定

【解析】own 拥有

own v 拥有→owner n 物主 of one’s own 某人自己的 the owner of … ……的所有者

【解析】lose (lost , lost) 失去

解析1part with ……分开;失去(尤指舍不得的东西)

【解析2certain 某种; 某事;某人 (在句中只能做定语,常与不定代词a连用,可修饰单、复数名词)

be certain of 对某事有把握 They are certain of success. be certain to do sth 肯定做某事 He is certain to come.

be certain +that确信 I’m certain that he’ll come.

【解析2 to be honest = to tell (you) the truth老实说;说实话

【拓展】honest adj. 诚实的(反)dishonest adj. 不诚实的an honest boy 一个诚实的男孩

【注】honest 以元音音素开头,所以前面的定冠词要用an.

【解析3for a while 一会儿

【解析】do with 处理;对付(某人或某物)

八年级英语下册知识点总结

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