（健康与饮食）

李仕才

导读：你见过蓝色和绿色的蜂蜜吗？这些奇怪颜色的蜂蜜是怎么来的呢？

The colorful honey

Blue and green honey may look cool, but beekeepers in northeastern France are not happy about their strange-looking new product.

Over the past few months, beekeepers in Ribeauvillé, a town located in the Alsace region, have noticed that bees there have been making honey in many strange colors. Bees have been returning to apiaries with different colors coating their bodies. The colors then ①end up polluting the honey.

A recent research showed that a nearby M&M’s factory is behind the change in color. Waste from the factory has been exposing the bees to a number of chemicals. Some of the chemicals are used in the outer shells of the candies, which come in many bright colors.

The local beekeepers do not know if the polluted honey is dangerous to eat, but they are not taking any chances. They are ②throwing away the candy-colored honey, which means a big loss to local businesses.

“For me, it’s not honey,” Alain Frieh, leader of the town’s beekeepers union, tells the Reuters news agency. “It’s not sellable.”

The honey industry in this part of France has been suffering this year. According to Frieh, many bees died last winter or were unable to make honey because of the bad weather. This new problem of colored honey is hurting the beekeepers’ way of life even more.

The region ③is home to about 2,400 beekeepers and 35,000 colonies of bees, according to Alsace’s chamber of agriculture. ④The beekeepers harvest approximately 1,000 tons of honey each year, making the product a big part of the region’s economy.

Agrivalor is the company that processes the M&M's factory's waste. According to co-manager Philippe Meinrad, the company has been ⑤attempting to stop the pollution.

“We discovered the problem ⑥at the same time they did,” Meinrad tells Reuters. “We quickly put in place a procedure to stop it.”

彩色的蜂蜜

蓝色和绿色的蜂蜜可能看起来很酷，但法国东北部的养蜂人却不喜欢这种看起来怪异的产品。

在过去的几个月中，位于阿尔萨斯地区的维列小镇上的养蜂人注意到那里的蜜蜂酿出了许多奇怪颜色的蜂蜜。蜜蜂身上带着不同的颜色返回养蜂场。那些颜色最终染到了蜂蜜中。

一项最新研究发现附近的一家M&M’s工厂是造成蜂蜜改变颜色的根源。那家工厂排放出来的废物使蜜蜂受到那些化学物的影响。其中的一些化学物用于糖果的外包装，那是许多鲜艳的颜色的根源。

当地养蜂者不知道吃那些被染色的蜂蜜是否有危险，但他们没有冒险。他们把那些糖果色的蜂蜜扔掉了，这对他们造成了很大损失。

Alain Frieh是当地养蜂协会的一位领导人，告诉路透新闻社说：“对于我来说，这不是蜂蜜，不能出售。”

今年以来，法国这部分地区的蜂蜜行业一直遭受着被染色的侵扰。据Frieh说，由于恶劣的天气，去年冬天许多蜜蜂死亡或者不能酿蜜。而现在的染色蜂蜜问题更加严重影响了养蜂者的生产。

根据阿尔萨斯农业委员会，该地区是大约2,400养蜂户的基地，那里有35,000个蜂群。每年养蜂户们收获近乎1,000吨蜂蜜，这使得蜂蜜成为该地区经济的重要产业。

Agrivalor是处理M&M’s工厂废物的企业。根据合作经营者Philippe Meinrad，该公司一直在努力阻止污染。

Meinrad告诉路透社，“在他们发现的同时，我们也发现了该问题。我们很快地采取了措施来防止污染。”

重点单词:

1. apiary ['eɪpɪərɪ] n. 蜂房；养蜂场

2. sellable ['seləbl] adj. 适于销售的

3. chamber ['tʃeɪmbə] n.（身体或器官内的）室，膛；房间；会所

4. procedure [prə'siːdʒə] n. 程序，手续；步骤

重点短语 / 亮点句式：

1. end up 结束；最终成为。如：

How does the story end up?

这个故事是怎么结尾的?

Be careful, you could end up by getting hurt.

当心, 你可能最终会伤到自己的.

2. throw away 扔掉；浪费。如：

How much food do we throw away into the garbage each year?

每年我们当垃圾扔掉的食物有多少?

Fires are often caused by cigarette ends which people carelessly throw away.

火灾经常是由人们不小心扔掉的烟蒂引起的。

3. be home to 是……的所在地；……的发源地。如：

The Chesapeake used to be home to wild oysters, but 99 percent of them are gone.

切萨皮克曾经是野生牡蛎的家园，但是现在99%的牡蛎都不会再生活在这里了。

making the product a big part of the region’s economy为现在分词短语作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，且该部分为“make+宾语(the product)+宾语补足语(a big part of the region’s economy)结构”。如：

He cut off the electricity quickly, preventing an accident.

他迅速切断了电源，防止了一起意外事故。

His parents died, making him an orphan.

父亲去世了，使他成为孤儿。

5. attempt to 尝试；企图。如：

I would be the last to attempt to answer the question.

我是最不可能去尝试回答这个问题。

She will attempt to beat the world record.

她决心要打破世界纪录。

6. at the same time 同时。如：

By coincidence, we arrived here at the same time.

You've got to be firm, but at the same time you must be sympathetic.

你态度要强硬，但还必须有同情心。

名句背诵：

If you wish to succeed, you should use persistence as your good friend, experience as your reference, prudence as your brother and hope as your sentry. (Thomas Edison)

如果你希望成功，当以恒心为良友，以经验为参谋，以谨慎为兄弟，以希望为哨兵。（美国发明家爱迪生）

【话题解读】

＂饮食与健康＂是高中英语新课标话题当中非常重要的两个话题，饮食与健康自古以来都是人们所关心的重大问题，尤其是随着社会进步和人们物质生活水平的提高，食物质量和安全问题以及身体健康更是受到了人们空前的关注，因此顺应时代潮流，高考英语对这两个话题更是有所体现。

由于饮食与健康是热点话题，高考英语中对这两个话题会涉及较多的考查内容，常以阅读理解、完形填空、语法填空以及书面表达的形式出现，例如2017年新课标卷I语言知识运用的第二节（语法填空），2016年四川卷阅读理解D篇，2016年全国卷Ⅲ七选五，2015年广东卷基础写作，2015课标全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B篇，2013新课标全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解C篇等。

【相关词汇】

Ⅰ.写作必记单词

1. benefit n.利益，好处→ beneficial adj.有好处的

2. burden n.负担

3. comfortable adj.舒服的，安逸的→ uncomfortable adj.不舒服的，不自在的→ comfort n.& vt.安慰

4. harm n.& vt.伤害；损伤→ harmful adj.有伤害的→ harmless adj.无害的

5. hurt vt.伤害，受伤；使痛心

6. necessary adj.必需的，必要的

7. pressure n.压迫，压力

8. reduce vt.减少，缩减

9. serve vt.招待(顾客等)，服务

10. strengthen v.增强→ strength n.长处，优势→ strong adj.强壮的

Ⅱ.阅读识记单词

11.abnormal adj. 反常的

12.acute adj.严重的；(疾病) 急性的

13.allergic adj. 过敏的

14.appetite n .食欲，胃口

15.bacterium n .细菌

16.bitter adj. 苦的，有苦味的

17.bleed vi. 出血，流血

18.depression n .抑郁症→ depress vt.使沮丧，使意志消沉，使心灰意冷→ depressed adj.抑郁的，沮丧的

19.digest vt. 消化；领会

I．阅读理解

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A（2018·新课标II卷）

Many of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels form British Columbia’s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.

Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C.

When combined with berries of slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.

If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.

1. What does the author seem to like about cherries?

A. They contain protein. B. They are high in vitamin A.

C. They have a pleasant taste. D. They are rich in antioxidants.

2. Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas?

A. To make them smell better. B. To keep their colour.

C. To speed up their ripening. D. To improve their nutrition.

3. What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?

A. A dessert. B. A drink.

C. A container. D. A machine.

4. From which is the text probably taken?

A. A biology textbook. B. A health magazine.

C. A research paper. D. A travel brochure.

B

Your house may have an effect on your figure . Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off . You can make your environment work for you instead of against you . Here are some ways to turn your home into part of diet plan.

Open the curtains and turn up the lights. Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self-conscious(难为情)when they’re in poorly lit places-and so more likely to eat lots of food. If your home doesn’t have enough window light, get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.

Mind the colors. Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites . In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room . Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold colors make us feel less hungry. So when it’s time to repaint, go blue.

Don’t forget the clock-or the radio. People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals. Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes. And while you’re at it, actually sit down to eat. If you need some help slowing down, turn on relaxing music. It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.

Downsize the dishes. Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat. We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate. When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake(摄入) jumps by 14 percent. And we’ll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass.

1.The text is especially helpful for those who care about_______.

A. their home comforts B. their body shape

C. house buying D. healthy diets

2.A home environment in blue can help people_________.

A. digest food better B. reduce food intake

C. burn more calories D. regain their appetites

3.What are people advised to do at mealtimes?

A. Eat quickly. B. Play fast music.

C. Use smaller spoons. D. Turn down the lights.

4.What can be a suitable title for the text?

A.Is Your House Making You Fat?

B. Ways of Serving Dinner

C. Effects of Self-Consciousness

D.Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?

C

A well-known study in 1979 found that people who socialize with others live longer than people who keep to themselves. A new study shows that socializing online may have health benefits as well.

To test the theory, researchers from Harvard, Yale, Northeastern and the University of California at San Diego looked at the Facebook profiles of 12 million people. Then they compared the profiles with the California Department of Public Health records over a two-year period from 2011 to 2013. The researchers found that people with more friends online were less likely to die than similar people who were not so connected. The researchers published their findings in an article titled "Online social integration (整合) is associated with reduced mortality (死亡) risk" in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

Of all the kinds of Facebook usage, it was getting friend requests rather than sending friend requests that related to reduced mortality. Similarly, posting photos and being tagged in photos was connected with living longer, but sending messages on Facebook was not. People who were tagged in many photos had the lowest mortality rates in the study.

Some diseases had a significant reduction of mortality with Facebook users. Deaths from infections, diabetes, mental illness or dementia, heart disease, strokes, other cardiovascular diseases, liver disease, and homicide were all significantly lower for Facebook users than for non-users. Other causes of death did not show a relation to Facebook usage, including several types of cancer, unintentional injuries, drug overdoses, and suicides.

The study did not examine any other social media sites to see if using them lengthened life. Also, two of the researchers worked at Facebook while the study was being conducted. William Hobbes, one of the researchers who was a postdoctoral fellow at Northeastern University, and co-author of the study, worked at Facebook as a research intern (实习生) in 2013. He said that Facebook agreed not to interfere with the research, no matter what the result was. But, he added, researchers "were pretty confident that we were going to find this result".

The researchers were careful to say that their results showed an associative relationship between using Facebook and living longer, not a causal one. In other words, researchers did not prove that using Facebook makes someone live longer. The study simply showed a connection between a longer life and some activities users do on Facebook. The researchers say the findings may be able to help show how online social networks can help improve people’s health on a global scale.

1.How did the researchers draw their conclusion?

A. By analyzing causes. B. By doing questionnaires.

C. By making comparisons. D. By conducting experiments.

2.What can be inferred from the third paragraph?

A. Social media makes it easier to make friends.

B. Not all Facebook usage is connected with a longer life.

C. Posting photos may become very popular in the future.

D. Using Facebook frequently makes one’s life last longer.

3.Facebook usage may reduce the mortality risk of people suffering from ________.

A. strokes B. cancer

C. drug abuse D. suicides

4.What is the purpose of the passage?

A. To report the results of a study.

B. To stress the importance of social media.

C. To show the healthy way of using Facebook.

D. To explain why online interaction has health benefits.

D

"Breakfast is the most important meal of the day," reports the Daily Mail, claiming that "skipping it increases your chances of a heart attack."

The study, published in the peer-reviewed journal Circulation, was carried out by researchers from the Harvard School of Public Health, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School. It was funded by the US National Institutes of Health and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research.

This study followed 26,902 male American dentists, vets, pharmacists(药剂师), optometrists, osteopaths and podiatrists(足疗师) aged between 45 and 82 years old for 16 years. To be fit for the study, the men could not have a history of cancer, coronary heart disease, heart attack or stroke.

The population being studied was also extremely limited — professional men who were almost white. More research in women and other groups is needed for us to learn more about breakfast and heart health.

After tracking a large group of middle-aged and older male American health professionals, studying their eating habits and their risk of developing coronary heart disease for 16 years, it found that men who reported skipping breakfast had a 27% higher risk of coronary heart disease than men who ate breakfast.

Men who regularly were addicted to a "midnight snack" were found to have a 55% higher risk of coronary heart disease than men who didn’t. However, no association was seen between eating frequency (number of meals per day) and the risk of coronary heart disease. This could suggest that it is the timing of meals rather than the frequency that has a bigger influence on heart health.

But because of the design of this study, a direct cause and effect relationship between breakfast and health cannot be proved. While the researchers attempted to take certain lifestyle factors into account, it could be the case that people who take time to have a regular breakfast also tend to have healthier lifestyles.

1.What is the passage mainly discussing?

A. Heart disease risk is higher in men who skip breakfast.

B. Breakfast is the most important meal of the day.

C. Many professionals took part in the research.

D. Some people have a preference for midnight snacks.

2.If you want to be a participant .

A. you must be an American dentist B. you should contact Circulation

C. you should be over 50 years old D. you must be free from some diseases

3.A person who prefers to have midnight snacks .

A. may have a higher risk of coronary heart disease

B. may have a habit of skipping breakfast

C. may have less than three meals a day

D. may eat more frequently than others

4.According to the passage, we can know .

A. a regular breakfast will cost a lot of time

B. more research should be done about breakfast and health

C. the researchers must have developed healthy lifestyles

D. only a few people focus on healthy lifestyles

A

【文章大意】本文是一篇日常生活类说明文。文章主要介绍并比较了几种水果各自的营养价值和健康功效，并列出了一些食用这些水果的方法。

1.C 【解析】细节理解题。题干问的是，作者喜欢樱桃什么。根据第二段中As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares?（至于樱桃，因为它们很好吃谁在乎呢?）可知，作者在乎的是它的美味。故选C。

2.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown.可知，往香蕉上滴新鲜的柠檬汁是为了防止香蕉变成褐色，故新鲜的柠檬汁是被用来保持香蕉的颜色的。故选B。

3.D 【解析】词义猜测题。根据最后一段中they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below可知，孩子们喜欢把一些水果和冷冻的香蕉放入到这台机器的上部，然后看到冰激凌从下面出来。故可以推出a juicer就是一台机器。故选D。

B

【文章大意】此篇文章是一篇饮食与健康有关的话题。文章讲述了如何科学的设计自己的房间内部的颜色、装饰等来达到减少食物的摄入量，从而让自己保持自己喜欢的体形。

1.B 【解析】写作目的题。从第一段中的＂Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off＂可知，这篇文章是为那些希望控制体重、保持体形的人写的。故选B。

2.B 【解析】细节理解题。从第三段中的＂In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room＂可知，在蓝色的环境下进餐可以减少食物的摄入量。故选B。

3.C 【解析】细节理解题。从最后一段中的＂When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake jumps by 14 percent＂可知，使用小的勺子可以减少食物的摄入量，故选C。

4.A 【解析】标题推断题。本文分析了我们如何通过改善室内的陈述及就餐时的器具等来达到节食的目的，故A项符合题意。

C

【文章大意】本文为说明文。研究表明，参加网络社交活动可能会延长人的寿命，对人类的健康也有诸多好处。

1.C 【解析】考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"Then they compared the profiles with the California Department of Public Health records over a two-year period from 2011 to 2013"可知，研究人员是通过将自己收集的信息与2011至2013年加利福尼亚州公共卫生部门所记录的信息作对比的方式得出研究结论的。故选C。

3.A 【解析】考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"Deaths from infections, diabetes, mental illness or dementia, heart disease, strokes...were all significantly lower for Facebook users"可知，患有中风的人可以通过使用Facebook来降低自己的死亡风险。故选A。

4.A 【解析】考查作者意图。纵观全文可知，本文主要讲的是一项有关参加网络社交活动与人的健康之间的关系的研究的相关内容。故作者写作本文的目的是介绍这一研究的结果。

D

【文章大意】本文重点说明了早餐的重要性。由美国哈佛公共卫生学院等机构对26 902名年龄在45—82岁之间的美国男性公民的研究发现，经常不吃早餐的人突发心脏病的风险比吃早餐的人高27%。

1.A 【解析】考查主旨大意。作者在文中主要讲述了一项新的研究结果, 即经常不吃早餐的人突发心脏病的风险比吃早餐的人高。 故选A项。

2.D 【解析】考查细节理解。依据文章第三段的内容可知，要想参与这项研究,参与者要具备以下条件：男性；医务工作者；年龄在45—82岁；没有癌症、冠心病、心脏病发作或中风病史。故选D项。

3.A 【解析】考查细节理解。依据文章倒数第二段第一句可知,研究发现，经常吃夜宵的男性比不吃夜宵的男性患冠心病的风险高55%。故选A项。

4.B 【解析】考查推理判断。依据文章尾段的"because of the design of this study, a direct cause and effect relationship between breakfast and health cannot be proved"可知，由于研究的设计方案问题，不能证明早餐对健康的直接影响。故选B项。

（高中英语2019版） 阅读理解（健康与饮食）（含解析）（含答案）