瞬间性动词与延续性动词(新)
发布时间:2019-09-20 08:12:51
发布时间:2019-09-20 08:12:51
延续性动词与非延续性动词
动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。
一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。
表示时间段的短语有:
1.for+一段时间, eg: for 2 years; for a long time等
2.since从句,since he came here;
3.since+时间点+ago,eg:since last year, since 5 days ago;
4. how long;
二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。 如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。
如果要与for+ 时间段,since+年份,since+时间段+ago,how long连用时,瞬间性动词要变延续性动词。
三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换:
非延续性动词 | 延续性动词 |
leave | be away(from) |
borrow | keep |
buy | have |
begin/start | be on |
die | be dead |
finish | be over |
join | be in+组织机构;be a member of+组织机构 |
open sth. | keep sth. open |
come here | be here |
go there | be there |
become | be |
come back | be back |
come to/get to/ arrive(in/at)/reach/ move to | be (in)/stay(in/at) |
go (get) out | be out |
put on | wear |
fall ill | be ill |
get up | be up |
catch a cold | have a cold |
fall asleep | be asleep |
get to know | know |
wake up | be up |
close | be closed |
例:(1)他死了三年了。
误:He has died for three years.
正:He has been dead for three years.
正:He died three years ago.
正:It is three years since he died.
正:Three years has passed since he died.
(2) 他来这儿五天了。
误:He has come here for five days.
正:He has been here for five days.
正:He came here five days ago.
正:It is five days since he came here.
正:Five days has passed since he came here. (1)、(2)句中的die、come为终止性动词,不能与表示"段时间"的状语连用。那么,应如何正确表达呢?可以采用下面的四种方法:
(1) 将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词, 如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式.
(2)将句中表示"段时间"的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语,如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。
(3)用句型"It is+段时间+since..."表达原意,如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。
(4)用句型"时间+has passed+since..."表达原意,如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。
四、终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中,成为可以延续的状态,因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。
如:1.He hasn't left here since 1986.
2.I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.
五、终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用,构成"not+终止性动词+until/till ..."的句型,意为"直到……才……"。
如:1. You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了,你才能离开这里。
2. I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我画完画,我才上床睡觉。
六、终止性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中,但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。when表示的时间是"点时间"(从句谓语动词用终止性动词),也可以是"段时间"(从句谓语动词用延续性动词)。而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程,从句谓语动词用延续性动词。
如:1. When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock. (reach为终止性动词)
2. Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away为延续性动词短语)
七、终止性动词完成时不可与how long连用(只限于肯定式)。
如:误:How long have you come here?
正:How long have you been here? 正:When did you come here?
补充练习:
1.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus ___ for 20 minutes.
A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away
2. I _____ the League for 5 years so far.
A. joined B. have joined C. have been in
3.The factory _____since the February of 1988.
A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened
4. Mary and Rose _______friends since they met in 2000.
A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become
5.You mustn't ____until he comes back.
A. be away B. leave C. be left
6.The meeting _______ for a week now.
A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over
7.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years.
A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught
8.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years .
A. has been B. has become C. was D. became
9. I ______ home for a week.
A. have returned B. have been back C. returned
10. How long _______ he ________ ?
A. died B. has, died . has, been dead
11.He_____at eight yesterday afternoon.
A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept
12.He ________ the car for a week.
A. bought B. has bought C. has had
13.-----How long _____ you _____ ill ? -----Two weeks.
A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been
14.Since 2000, he _____ his hometown.
A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from
15.I'll lend you the book , but you can only ____ it for 2 days.
A. borrow B. keep C. take
16.The bus ______ on the road for 2 hours so far.
A. has stopped B. stopped C. has been
17.Are you _____ the jacket these days?
A. wearing B. putting on C. dressing D. on
18. He ________ foe 2 hours.
A. got up B. has got up C. has been up
19. Tom is ill in hospital. He _______ a cold for several days.
A. is B. catches C. has caught D. has had
20. ----- How long can I ______ the book? ------ Two weeks.
A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keep
1---5 D C A B B; 6---10 C A A B C; 11---15 B C C C B; 16---20 C A C D D