2018-2019年初中英语上海中考全真模拟试卷【60】含答案考点及解析

班级:___________ 姓名：___________ 分数：___________

注意事项：
1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息
2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上

1.Mother told her daughter that the sound       more slowly than the light.

【答案】C

【解析】句意：母亲告诉她的女儿，声音比光传播得更慢。表示声音比光传播得慢，是客观事实，故用一般现在时表示，故选C。

完形填空,阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1—15各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Lisa has always been overweight．She wanted to lose weight, not just because she wanted to ______more beautiful and be healthier, but also because it would make life easier．For example, it was ______ for Lisa to find ready-made clothes that would fit．She had to ask a tailor(裁缝) ______clothes that were large enough．In school, she needed a special chair which was ______and stronger than the other chairs．If she went for a walk, she got tired very quickly．She was al so unhappy about the way people treated ______sometimes．“People look at me and even make fun of me．That’s unfair! It’s true that I’m overweight, but I don’t think people ______treat me differently because I’m big．I can’t enjoy ______with my friends because I’m afraid of getting fatter．” Her friends and family never made fun of her．They tried to help her ______．They wanted her to be happy and healthy．Sometimes when Lisa was feeling sad, she didn’t want to speak to ______．

But now things ______ quite different．Last month her classmates were preparing for the School ______Week．Someone advised Lisa to play the lead role of the proud Queen(女王) who was tall and fat．Lisa ______and practiced a lot．

Soon after the play, Lisa became the star! She did so ______that everybody remembered the proud Queen．They stood around her and said “______” to her．She even won the School Best Actress Award for her wonderful performance．

Now Lisa doesn’t worry ______being fat any more．She believes in the English saying “Every dog has its day．”

【答案】

2.D

3.B

4.D

5.C

6.A

7.C

8.A

9.B

10.C

11.D

12.B

13.A

14.D

15.C

16.B

【解析】

试题解析：本文主要讲的是丽莎想减肥为了生活容易些，在同学的帮助下，她表演完节目拿的最佳女主角奖时，她不再为自己的胖而烦恼了。

2.细节理解题  后面是形容词漂亮、健康的，用look较符合语境。故选D。

3.细节理解题  根据上下文意思，她胖找合适的衣服应是困难的。故选B。

4.细节理解题   ask sb  to do sth 要求某人做某事，固定用法，A买不符合语境，应是改做的意思。故选D。

5.细节理解题  根据上下文意思，她需要是能承受又大又重的椅子。故选C。

6.细节理解题  丽莎是女孩子，对待她，应用her。故选A。

7.细节理解题  根据上下文意思，人们不应该这样对待她，故选C。

8.细节理解题   enjoy后用动词现在分词形式（V-ing）根据上下文意思，他害怕长胖，所以不愿意和朋友们去吃饭。故选A ．

9.细节理解题  亲朋好友从不取笑她，反而尽力帮助她。instead“代替的意思”。故选B。

10.细节理解题   not与anyone连用，意思是“不与任何人说话”，符合语境，故选C。

11.细节理解题  前面有now,用一般现在时；主语是复数，be动词用are。故选D。

12.细节理解题   A．Sports 运动会    B．Art 艺术 C．Science科学  D． Environment环境 根据上下文意思。表演节目与艺术有关。故选B。

13.细节理解题  practiced 有经验的，她有许多经验，肯定是同意了。故选A．

14.细节理解题 根据下文意思，每个人都记住了她。知她演的很好。故选D 。

15.细节理解题 她成功了，别人都围着她，应说祝福语。故选C。

16.细节理解题  worry  about 担心固定词组。故选B．

考点：词语运用

There have been many great inventions or things that changed the way we live. The first great invention was the one that is still very important today——the wheel. This made it easier to carry heavy things and to travel long distance.

For hundreds of years after that there were few inventions that as much effect as the wheel . Then in the early 1800s the world started to change. There was little unknown land left in the world. People didn’t have to explore much any more. They began to work instead to make life better.

In the second half of the 19th century many great inventions were made. Among them were the camera, the light and the radio. These all play a big part in our daily life today.

The first part of the 20th century saw more great inventions. The helicopter in 1909, movies with sound in 1926, the computer in 1928, jet planes in 1930. This was also a time when a new material was first made. Nylon came out in 1935. It changed the kind of clothes people wore.

The middle part of the 20th century brought new ways to help people get over diseases. They worked very well. They made people healthier and allowed them to live longer. By the 1960s most people could expect to live to be at least 60.

By this time most people in developed countries had a very good life. Of course new inventions continued to be made. But man now had a desire(渴望) to explore again. The earth was known to man but the stars were not. Man began looking for ways to go into space. Russia made the first step. Then United States took a step. Since then other countries , including China and Japan, have made their own steps into space.

In 1969 man took his biggest step away from earth. Americans first walked on the moon. This is certainly just a beginning, though. New inventions will some day allow us to do things we have never yet dreamed of.

17.This passage talks mainly about         .

18.According to the passage man didn’t have a desire to explore a lot         .

19.In the 1800s, people began to work in order to make      

20. Nylon came out of five years later than        .

21. People can live longer lives because        that help cure diseases have worked very well.

【答案】

17.C

18.A

19.B

20.C

21.B

【解析】略

There were two McDonalds—Mac and Dick—and they were brothers. In 1948 they owned a restaurant in California. They liked working in the restaurant, but they got tired of the customers ordering so many different things to eat.

“If we gave customers a smaller menu, we could make some of the food before they came, and they wouldn’t have to wait so long for their meals,” said one of the brothers. The other brother agreed and said, “And if we made the customers come to the counter, we wouldn’t need any waiters or waitresses. We could also use plastic plates so there wouldn’t be any washing-up.”

These were such good ideas that the McDonald brothers used them, and the customers were very pleased. They got their meals very quickly—in less than a minute—and they paid only 15 cents for hamburgers and 10 cents for fries (炸薯条). The first McDonald’s restaurant had no seats for customers to sit on. This meant that people had to take their food away, and that no one had to clean up any tables after them.

Then a man called Ray Kroc came to the brothers and asked to buy their business. They agreed to sell it to him for $ 27 million. After that, people paid Ray Kroc to open their own restaurant using the McDonald’s name and menu. Before long, there were McDonald’s restaurants all over the United States, and nowadays, they are all over the world—even in China and Russia. The most successful McDonald’s business is in Hong Kong of China. The Hong Kong McDonald’s sells more hamburgers every day than any other McDonald’s in the world.

McDonald’s restaurants are so successful that children love going to them. They like the food，and they like the toys and games they can get at McDonald’s.

22.The McDonald brothers offered customers fewer kinds of foods so that _____.

23.Customers “paid only 15 cents for hamburgers” means the hamburgers were _____.

24.The first McDonald’s customers took their food away because _____.

25.Nowadays, the owners of McDonald’s restaurants pay for _____.

26.This story mainly tells us _____.

【答案】

22.A

23.C

24.B

25.B

26.D

【解析】

试题分析：短文大意：该文主要介绍了麦当劳餐厅的创办和发展过程。麦当劳餐厅是如此成功，以至于孩子们都喜欢去麦当劳。他们可以在麦当劳吃喜欢的食物，玩喜欢的玩具和游戏。

17.A细节理解题。根据文中第二自然段的描述可知麦当劳兄弟提供客户较少种类的食物是因为顾客会很快得到他们的饭菜，所以选A。

18.C细节理解题。根据第三段中These were such good ideas that McDonald brothers used them, and the customers were very pleased. They got their meals very quickly—in less than a minute—and they paid only 15 cents for hamburgers and 10 cents for fries. 的描述可知这些好的想法，麦当劳兄弟使用他们，客户非常高兴。不到一分钟他们很快就得到了他们的饭菜，他们买汉堡只用15分（美分），买薯条也只用10分。所以选C。

19.B细节理解题。根据第三段中The first McDonald’s restaurant had no seats for customers to sit on. This meant that people had to take their food away, and that no one had to clean up any tables after them. 的描述可知第一家麦当劳餐厅没有座位供顾客坐。这就意味着人们不得不带走他们的食物，没有人需要清理他们的桌子。所以选B。

20.B细节理解题。根据第四段中Then a man called Ray Kroc came to the brothers and asked to buy their business. They agreed to sell it to him for＄27 million. After that, people paid Ray Kroc to open their own restaurants using the McDonald’s name and menu.的描述可知一个叫雷·克罗克的人来购买他们的快餐生意。他们同意以27000000美元的价格卖给他。这之后，人们为他们去开他们自己的用McDonald两兄弟的姓和菜单命名的餐馆而付钱。所以选B。

21.D主旨大意题。仔细读短文可知该文主要介绍了麦当劳餐厅的创办和发展过程，所以选D。

考点：考查故事类短文阅读。

When I was seven years old, my mom was diagnosed(诊断) with cancer（癌症）. The doctors told us my mom might be saved with surgery(手术). But it could also kill her. She chose to have it.

The day before the surgery I was off school. And my mom planned the best day of my life, everything I loved at seven and everything that would put a smile on my face. The day began with her waking me up and saying, “Kate, I have a surprise for you. Come and see.” The surprise was a doll I have wanted for the longest time. Throughout the day, she told me everything that I would always make her proud. We had a picnic in the park, and it was so cold that we moved to the car. The day was filled with laughter. For the first time in a long time I could see she was really happy. I would never forget her smile, or the way her eyes shone as if we were the same age. It was the best day of my life, and I will never forget the conversation we shared.

My mother managed to live throughout the surgery. Now when I look back, I realized that the best day of my life could be her last and this could be the last day I would remember with her, the last one we shared. I also understand how unselfish a mother is.

27.Who made the decision to have a surgery in the story?

28.What did the writer’s mother do the day before the surgery?

29.Why was the writer’s mother happy that day?

30.The underlined sentence in the last paragraph suggests that___________

31.Which of the following words best describes the writer’s mother?

【答案】

27.B

28.D

29.A

30.C

31.D

【解析】

试题分析：这篇文章讲述了一位无私的妈妈，最做了重大的可能丢失性命的决定之后，陪孩子度过最美好的一天。最后，手术成功，多年后孩子理解了妈妈当时的心情。

22.B考查细节理解。从第一段最后一句She chose to have it.可以得知是作者的妈妈选择了手术。可以得出选择B。

23.D考查细节理解。从第二段可以得知作者的妈妈在手术的前一天所做的事，可以选择D。句意：她和孩子待了一整天的时间。

24.A考查细节理解。从第二段的最后一句It was the best day of my life, and I will never forget the conversation we shared.可以选出A。句意：作者的妈妈当天非常高兴是因为想给孩子一个特殊的回忆。

25.C考查细节理解。划线句子意为：我的妈妈在手术中活了下来。可以选择C。句意：作者的妈妈渐渐好了起来。

26.D考查细节理解。A. Hardworking勤劳的. Famous著名的C. Clever聪明的 D. Great伟大的，从全文理解和文章最后一句的unselfish可以选出D。

考点：记叙文。

Most parents hope that their children can be happy and successful. But do you know the most powerful way to encourage them to be so? The answer is to allow them to make their own decisions.

Different people have different ideas about children’s decision making. Unfortunately , most parents make decisions for their children—what they wear, what they eat and what movies they watch. In fact, it’s not good for children’s growing.

Children should be allowed to make decisions when they are very young. But this doesn’t mean they are allowed to do everything. For example, you shouldn’t take your children into a convenience store and tell them they can have anything they want. They would be overwhelmed(不知所措的) by the choices. But you can give them a choice among snacks. When children get older, expand (扩大) the number of choices you give them. For example, allow them to decide the activities they want to take part in or when they decide to go to bed.

The next step is to get your children to think before they act. Ask themselves several important questions. First, why do I want to do this? Second, what are my choices? Third, what are the results of the actions? After the three questions, they are sure to have right decisions.

32.The best way to make children happy and successful is to ____________ .

33.What’s the writer’s opinion on children’s decisions?

34.Parents should _________ when their kids are older according to the passage.

35.From the passage we can learn ________ .

【答案】

32.D

33.A

34.D

35.C

【解析】

试题分析：短文大意：大多数父母希望他们的孩子能快乐和成功。但你知道鼓励他们的最有力的方式吗？那就是让他们做出自己的决定。

27.D细节理解题。根据第一段的描述可知让孩子快乐和成功的最好方式就是允许他们做出自己的决定，所以选D。

28.A推理判断题。根据第二段的描述可知作者认为父母应该允许孩子自己做决定，所以选A。

29.D细节理解题。根据文中When children get older, expand (扩大) the number of choices you give them.可知随着年龄的增大应该给他们更多的选择的机会，所以选D。

30.C推理判断题。仔细读短文我们可以知道孩子们能够学会怎样做决定，所以选C。

考点：教育类短文阅读。

根据短文内容和首字母的提示，把文中所缺词语补充出来，使短文完整、正确、通顺。（每空限填一词，将其填写在文后相应便会2的横线上）

Did you know that tea, the most popular drink in the world (after water), was invented by accident?Although tea wasn't brought to the Western world u 36. 1610, this beverage was discovered over three thousand y37. before that. According to an ancient Chinese legend,the emperor Shen Nong discovered tea when he was b 38. drinking water over an open fire. Some leaves from a nearby bush fell into the water and remained there for some time. The emperor noticed that the leaves in the water produced a pleasant smell. L 39. he decided to taste the hot mixture. It was quite d  40. And in this way,one of the world's favorite drinks was invented.

【答案】

36. until 

37.years 

38. beginning 

39.Later 

40. delicious

【解析】 【主旨大意】本文介绍了茶的起源。

41.学校20周年校庆马上就到了。届时，将会有许多毕业生回到母校来参观并看望老师。你作为一名志愿服务者来接待学长们，将在报告厅向他们简单介绍学校现在的基本情况，并谈谈你个人对创建和谐美好校园的建议及对学校美好未来的祝福。

注意：1.表达中须包含所给要点，可以适当发挥。 2.字数80左右。开头已写好，不计入总词数。3.文中表达不要提及真实校名及姓名。

【答案】

Our school is very beautiful now. There are many flowers everywhere . It’s not only clean but also comfortable. The students are friendly and the teachers in my school are as kind to us as our parents. We get along well with our teachers. we have lots of fun at school. we not only have all kinds of classes, but also take part in colorful activities after classes. We all work hard at our lessons.

I think our library should get more books so that we can read widely. I feel proud of my school because it is one of the best schools in my heart. I wish my school will become more beautiful and more morden.

【解析】

试题分析：这是一篇利用表格的给材料作文。要求介绍校园的现状, 并对建设美好校园提出自己的建议，对学校表示美好的祝福。

【亮点说明】这篇短文内容切题，意思连贯，表达清楚、完整。词汇和句型句式运用恰当。能应用好的短语和连词，如not only ,but also. as…as 等。

考点：表格作文。

句型转换

42.He said, “Are you interested in English?” (合并为宾语从句)

He asked me ______ I ______ interested in English.

43.The book is a story-book. That book has a red cover. (合并为一句)

That book______ has a red cover______ a story-book.

44. When do the Smiths leave Beijins? Can you tell me? (合并为宾语从句)

Can you tell me______ the Smiths______ Beijing?      

45. Mr. Liu said to us, “I'll go to Chengdu next week.” (合并为宾语从句)

Mr. Liu told us ______ ______ go to Chengdu the next week.

46.The boy wanted to watch the baseball match but didn't want to stay at home. (改为同义句)

The boy wanted to watch the baseball match______ ______ staying at home.

【答案】

42.if/whether; was

43. which/that; is

44. when; leave

45. he would 

46. instead of

【解析】

32.考查句型转换，宾语从句中，由于是一般疑问句变宾语从句用if引导；主句是过去时，从句用过去时的相应时态

33.考查定语从句，由于先行词是物关系代词用which或that，从句的主语是单数故谓语动词用单数

34.考查宾语从句，特殊疑问词变宾语从句引导词用特殊疑问词，语序用陈述句语序

35.考查宾语从句，宾语从句中主句是过去时，从句用过去时的相应时态，人称作相应变化

36.考查同义句转换，instead of代替、而不是

根据句意和汉语提示完成句子，一空一词。

47.吃得太多对健康有害。

_________ too much is bad _________ your health.

48. 从你家到学校有多远？

How far is it ________ your home ________ school?

49.我当名演员的梦想将会实现。

My dream of becoming an actor will ________ ________.

50.如果你能自己做你的作业就好多了。

It is ________ better if you can do your homework by________.

51.今年夏天我想去海南度假。

I _________ ________ to spend my vacation in Hainan this summer.

【答案】

47.Eating, for       

48.from, to  

49.come true

50.much, yourself

51.would like

【解析】

37.本题主语是动词吃应该是使用动名词eating，be bad for表示对……有害的含义，故本题空格处填Eating, for。       

38.from……to表示从……到……的含义，故本句空格处填from, to。   

39.will后跟动词原形，come true为固定短语，意思为实现，故本句空格处填come true。

40.修饰比较级可以用程度副词much表示多的含义，by yourself表示靠你自己的含义，故本句空格处填much, yourself。 

41.would like to do表示想要做某事的含义，故本句空格处填would like。

52.我别无选择，只能乘坐最后一班火车回家。

I                                    the last train to go home.

53.说实话，我按时完成这项任务是有困难的。

To tell the truth, I                                 the task on time.

54. 当你感觉有压力的时候，你应该和你的朋友们分享你的问题。

When you feel stressed, you should                         your friends.

55.他把一生奉献给了家乡的建设。

He                                          his hometown.

56. 据说明年某时将要在这个村建一条新路。

It’s said that a new road                             in this village.

【答案】

52. had no choice but to take

53. have difficulty (in) completing/finishing

54. share your problems with

55. devoted all his life to building

56. will be built sometime next year

【解析】

试题解析：

42.考查汉译英。我I,别无选择have no choice,只能but,乘坐take,根据语境可知为一般过去时，故填had no choice but to take.

43.考查汉译英。做……是有困难的have difficulty (in) doing sth; 完成complete/finish,可知填have difficulty (in) completing/finishing.

44.考查汉译英。和……分享share with; 你的问题 your problems,should应该，后接动词原形，可知填 share your problems with.

45.考查汉译英。把……奉献给了做某事，devote to doing sth; 他的一生，all his life; 建设build;根据语境可知为一般过去时，故填 devoted all his life to building .

46.考查汉译英。将要will ,建build，一条新路被建，为一般将来时被动语态；明年next year,某时sometime,故填will be built sometime next year.

考点：翻译

Example: It’s a apple.               a → an

57.My brother can goes to the movie.

58.—Do you have a guitar? —Yes, I have.

59.Millie and I wants to go to a movie.

60. She often swims in Sunday afternoon.

61. He plays the piano good.

【答案】57. goes→go 58. have→do 59. wants→want60. in→on 61.good→well

【解析】略

遣词造句

62.Lily, already, Africa

_______________________________________________________

63.ought to,the electricity

____________________________________________________

64.millions of, cut down

____________________________________________________

65.keep in touch with,last week

________________________________________________

66.noise pollution,  hearing

_________________________________________________________

【答案】

62.Lily has already gone to Africa.

63.When you leave the room, you ought to shut off the electricity.

64.Millions of trees were cut down.

65.Last week I wrote to my friend to keep in touch with her.

66.Noise pollution is bad for hearing.

【解析】

试题分析：

47.根据提供的图画和提示词，莉莉已经去了非洲。Lily has already gone to Africa.

48.根据提供的图画和提示词，你离开房间时要关闭电器。When you leave the room, you ought to shut off the electricity.

49.根据提供的图画和提示词，数百万棵树被砍倒。Millions of trees were cut down.

50.根据提供的图画和提示词，为了保持与我的朋友联系，上周我给他写信了。Last week I wrote to my friend to keep in touch with her.

51.根据提供的图画和提示词，噪声污染对听力有害。Noise pollution is bad for hearing.

考点：遣词造句。

Some people often say, “Money is more important than time.” They think that   67. people have money, they can buy clothes, food, drinks, houses, cars,68. and so on. But I think time is more important than money. Because when time is   69. , we can’t get it back. But we can keep on making more money. We can use time to get money. However we can’t use money to get time. So I think time is important than money. We must make   70. use of our time to study and   71. . Time is money.

【答案】

67.if

68.computers

69.gone

70.full

71.work

【解析】

试题分析：时间重要还是金钱重要，作者进行一个小小的讨论。一些人认为钱比时间更重要。他们认为，如果有钱了，他们能买衣服、食物、饮料、房子、车和电脑等等。但是，我认为时间比钱更重要。因为当时间流逝了，我们再也得不到了。我们能用时间来挣钱。但是，我们不能用时间来换钱。因此我认为时间比钱更重要。我们必须充分的利用时间来学习与工作。时间就是金钱。

52.联系上文：一些人认为钱比时间更重要。他们认为，如果有钱了，他们能买衣服、食物、饮料、房子、车和电脑等等。分析：买这些东西是一个假设的条件，因此用引导词if.故填：if

53.分析句意：一些人认为钱比时间更重要。他们认为，如果有钱了，他们能买衣服、食物、饮料、房子、车和电脑等等。在具体买得物品中，在选项中只有电脑了，因此选择computers.故填：computers

54.联系上文：一些人认为钱比时间重要。但是我认为时间比钱更重要。因为当时间流逝了，我们再也得不到了。因此表示时间流逝，运用动词go，句子体现为被动词态。故填：gone

55.分析句意：但是我们能挣更多的钱。我们能用时间来挣钱。但是我们不能用时间来换钱。因此，我认为时间比钱更重要。我们必须充分的利用时间来学习与工作。时间就是金钱。分析：考查固定句型：make full use of one’s time to do sth. 运用全部的时间去做某事。故填：full

56.结合上文：但是我们能挣更多的钱。我们能用时间来挣钱。但是我们不能用时间来换钱。因此我认为时间比钱更重要。我们必须充分的利用时间来学习与工作。时间就是金钱。分析：充分利用时间去学习，结合选项，一定是工作之意。故填：work

考点：社会现象类短文阅读

2018-2019年初中英语上海中考全真模拟试卷[60]含答案考点及解析