that he plays in the system. For example, one has an identity as a mother, or as an attorney or as a Muslim. Within this framework, concepts such as ethnic identity, gender identity, or political identity are common.Another perspective on self-identity, closer to sociological tradition than the personality tradition, is offered by social identity theory. In common with sociological models, social identity theory emphasizes social categorization, a process of identifying oneself as a member of a shared category, such as New Yorker, Democrat, or Latino. More distinctively, social identity theory addresses issues of inter-group relations, considering how people define themselves as members of an in-group in opposition to members of a different social category, termed as out-group.2.2.2 Relationship between self-identity and L2 learning2.2.2.1 Self-Identity and languageSelf-Identity is generally regarded as the linguistic construction of membership in one or more social groups. Though non-linguistic criteria may also be significant, language and communication often provides important and sometimes crucial criteria by which members both define their group and are defined by others. Identities may be linguistically constructed both through the use of particular languages and linguistic forms associated with specific national, ethnic, or other identities and through the use of communicative practices (e.g. greeting formulae, maintenance of mutual gaze, regulation of participation) that are indexed to their group through members’ normative use.The relationship between self-identity and language will be salient in terms of the typology of identity that we have mentioned before. Recent research on national identity by non-linguistic anthropologists, such as Benedict Anderson (1983), has emphasized the importance of shared participation in literacy activities (like reading newspapers and popular novels) written in standardized, national languages, which is taken as a means of creating national identities. Ethnic and racial identity operate within nation-states when20

硕士研究生英语学习动机类型与自我认同变化探究 - (1)