浪漫主义时期历史背景及诗人简介
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浪漫主义时期(1798-1832历史背景：
Politicalandsocialfactors:
1.TheAmericanandFrenchrevolution:anupsurgeofnationalliberationanddemocraticmovements
Americanrevolution(1775-1783—TheformationoftheindependentUnitedStates.Frenchrevolutionof1789—“Liberty,equalityandfraternity2.TheIndustrialRevolution
Effect:1.Oneofthemaineffectsoftherapidandvasteconomicchangeswastheurbanizationofthegrowingpopulation.
2.Theconditionsoftheworkingpoorinthecitieswasintolerable.3.Therewerechildrenworkingindark,dangerousfactories.
4.Theworkingclassesandthepoorlivedinpolluted,congestedslums.Massepidemicsliketyphoid
feverafflictedtheslums.Theromantics,theliberals,thesocialists,theanarchistsandthecommunistsallemergedwiththeirideologiesatthispointinhistorytocriticizetheseman-madehorrors.
3.TheLudditemovement(工人运动
思想文化背景：
”
1.2.3.4.5.6.7.
Rousseau卢梭(page2—thefatherofromanticism
—Torelyonfeelings,tofollowtheinstinetsandemotions.—Returntonature。
EdmundBurke埃德蒙伯克(Page2
—ReflectionontheRevolutioninFrance(1790《法国革命感想》
ThomasPaine托马斯潘恩(page3
—RightsofMan(1791
浪漫主义简介：
+Itwasanartistic,literary,andintellectualmovementthatoriginatedinEuropetowardtheendofthe18th
centuryandinmostareaswasatitspeakintheapproximateperiodfrom1800to1850.
+PartlyareactiontotheIndustrialRevolution,itwasalsoarevoltagainstaristocraticsocialandpolitical
normsoftheAgeofEnlightenmentandareactionagainstthescientificrationalizationofnature.+Itwasembodiedmoststronglyinthevisualarts,music,andliterature,buthadamajorimpacton
historiography,educationandthenaturalsciences.
+Itseffectonpoliticswasconsiderableandcomplex;whileformuchofthepeakRomanticperioditwas
associatedwithliberalismandradicalism,inthelongtermitseffectonthegrowthofnationalismwasprobablymoresignificant.
+ThetermwasusedinGermanyandFranceattheendof18thandbeginningof19th
Ctoclassifyanewmovementinliterature,especiallyinpoetry.
浪漫主义时期代表人物共同特征：
(1Theycultivatedimaginativefreedom,thoughinveryvariousways,andthisencouragedthemtouseavarietyofsometimesveryloosepoeticforms.
(2Eachofthemtendedtoexpressthefeelingsofmaninsolitudeasopposedtothoseofmaninsociety.(3Theysharedatendencytobe"inwardturning"ratherthanoutward-looking.
(4All,exceptperhapsBlake,respondedvividlytonatureandthenaturalanduncivilizedwayoflife..
(5Theytendedtouselanguagewithmorefreedomandinformationthanthe18thCpoets,andemphasizetheneedforspontaneityinthoughtandactionandintheexpressionofthought.
(6Theywereall,butindifferentways,profoundlyaffectedbythegreathistoricalfactoftheFrenchRevolution,andbyitsvariousimmediateconsequences,especiallythecareerofNapoleon;Blake,Wordsworth,Coleridgebeganaswarmrevolutionarysympathizers,buttheNapoleonicwarscausedBlaketowithdrawandturnedtheothertwointoconvincedconservatives.(7Allofthemexaltedtheindividualgenius.
Generalcharacteristicfeaturesoftheromanticmovement(1.2.3.4.5.6.
SubjectivismSpontaneitySingularity
Simplicity:everydaylanguagespokenbytherusticpeopleAdominatingnoteofmelancholyAfreerverseform
浪漫主义诗人派别:
1.Lakepoet—thepassiveorescapistromanticists:Wordsworth,Coleridge,Southey—detestingtherealworld,escapingfromthereality.
2.Activeorradicalromanticists:Byron,Shelley,Keats3.—strivingtostrengthenman
world.4.
Principlesofpoetry1Subjects:
1.Thegreatsubjectsofpoetryare“essentialpassionsoftheheartsimpleaffections.
”(PrefacetoLyricalBallads(2nded..
”and“thegreatand
'swilltoliveandraisehimupagainstthedarknessinthe
2.Incidentsandsituationsfromcommonlife2.Sourceofpoetry:feelings
1.“allgoodpoetryisthespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings2.Emotionrecollectedintranquility3.Language:
“reallanguageofmeninastateofvividsensation
”(nopoeticdiction
”
诗人简介:
1.WilliamWordsworth:
早期经历：
+BothparentshaddiedbythetimeWordsworthwas13
+JohnWordsworth,hisfather,wasveryeducatedandliberalandencouragedhis
childrentobethesame
+Wordsworth'shometownwasinthebeautifulLakeDistrictpromptinghisearlyloveandappreciationofn
ature,alongwithimagination
自然和妹妹的影响：
+Believedallindividualshavepotentialtoreachatranscendentalunderstandingofnaturethroughhisorher
relationshipwithnature
+Believednaturewasthegluethatbindseverythingtogether+Dorothy,Wordsworth'ssister,wasveryimportanttohim
-Sheexperieneednatureatanearlyageandherthoughtsandimpressionsinflueneed
Wordsworth.
2.SamuelTaylorColeridge:
Englishpoet,literarycriticandphilosopher;afounderoftheRomanticMovementinEngland（withhisfriendWilliamWordsworth）;
amemberoftheLakePoets.
Hecoinedmanyfamiliarwordsandphrases,includingthecelebratedsuspensionofdisbelief.HewasamajorinflueneeonEmerson,andAmericantranscendentalism.3.GeorgeGordonByronPersonalImage:
aleaderoftheera'spoeticrevolution,henamedAlexanderPopeashismaster;aworshiperoftheideal,heneverlosttouchwithreality;
adeistandfreethinker,heretainedfromhisyouthaCalvinistsenseoforiginalsin;
apeeroftherealm,hechampionedlibertyinhisworksanddeeds,givingmoney,time,energy,andfinallyhislifetotheGreekwarofindependence
Writingforms:
satire,versenarrative,ode,lyric,speculativedrama,historicaltragedy,confessionalpoetry,dramaticmonologue,seriocomicepic,andvoluminouscorrespondence,writteninSpenserianstanzas,heroic 