Part Ⅱ　Lesson 2　Name Stories

Ⅰ.重点单词

1.specific adj.详细的，特定的

2.significance n.重要性，意义

3.abnormal adj.反常的，不正常的

4.vivid adj.生动的，逼真的

5.hardship n.艰苦，困苦

6.origin n. 起源，开端；出身

7.discourage vt.使泄气，使灰心

8.suffering n.痛苦，困难

9.musical adj.音乐的 n.音乐剧

10.admirable adj.令人钦佩的，极佳的

Ⅱ.核心短语

1.name...after... 　　 以……的名字命名

2.come across 偶然遇见

3.hold up 支撑起

4.count on 依靠

5.end up 以……结束/告终

6.put up with 容忍

7.in particular 特别，尤其

8.figure out 理解

Ⅲ.经典句式

1.This student has parents who wanted their daughter to be as strong as any boy.

这个学生的父母希望他们的女儿和任何男孩一样强壮。

2.That’s when she was born.

那是她出生的时候。

3.If they could choose other names，what do you think they would be?

如果他们可以选择其他的名字，你认为他们会选择什么名字呢？

▲构词法记单词(派生)

significant adj.重要的→significance n.重要性，意义

normal adj.正常的，标准的→abnormal adj.反常的，不正常的

suffer vi.& vt.受苦，遭受→suffering n.痛苦，困难

music n.音乐→musical adj.音乐的 n.音乐剧

admire vt.钦佩，羡慕→admirable adj.令人钦佩的，极佳的

▲联想记单词

被别人“嘲笑”是不轻松的(ease)→tease vt.嘲笑，取笑

这档特殊的(special)节目是为“特定的”年龄段的孩子设计的→specific adj.特定的

1.specific adj.具体的，明确的；特定的；特有的 n. 细节，详情

(教材P8)...Jiannan doesn’t have just one specific meaning.

……健楠不只有一种特定的意思。

(1)be specific to sth 某物所特有的

be specific about 明确、详细说明

to be specific 具体地说

get down to/go into specifics详谈具体情况

(2)specifically adv.特别地；明确地

①Is this game meant for a specific age group?

这种游戏是专为特定年龄组设计的吗？

②Unna gave us very specific instructions.

尤娜给了我们非常明确的指示。

③Could you be specific about what you’re planning to do?

可否详细说明你计划做些什么？

④Some of these models will exist independent of software platforms，while others will be specific to particular platforms.

其中有些模型将独立于软件平台而存在，而有些特定于具体的平台。

2.significance n.重要性，意义；意思，含义

(教材P8)...Chinese names can also have significance according to their sounds.

……中国人的名字也可以根据它们的发音变得有意义。

(1)have great significance for 对……有重大意义

of no/little/great significance 无关紧要/有重大意义

attach significance to sth 认为某事有意义

(2)significant adj.有意义的，显著的，意味深长的

a significant look/smile 意味深长的眼神/微笑

①The new discovery of oil is of great significance to this area’s economy.

新发现的石油对这个地区的经济有重大意义。

②Grandpa looked over and gave me a significant (significance) smile.

爷爷看着我给了我一个意味深长的微笑。

③The crime problem has great significance for the general public.

犯罪问题对公众来说事关重大。

[名师点津]　be of (great) significance＝be (very) significant 非常有意义的；非常显著的

④As we all agree，this project is very significant.

＝As we all agree，this project is of great significance.

大家都同意，此项目极其重要。

3.discourage vt.使泄气；劝阻，促使不做(某事)

(教材P8)...she was also discouraged because she missed her home in northern England...

……她也因为想念她在北英格兰的家而灰心……

(1)discourage sb from doing sth 劝阻某人不做某事

discouraged adj. 泄气的

(2)be/get discouraged 泄气

discouraging adj.令人失去信心的，使人气馁的

discouragement n.气馁，泄气，挫折

①His parents tried to discourage him from being an actor.

他的父母尽力阻止他去当演员。

②The failure was a big blow to him，but he wasn’t discouraged (discourage) and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.

这次失败对他来说是一次不小的打击，但是他没有气馁，很快就像以前那样乐观了。

③In my opinion，parents should discourage their children from spending too much time playing computer games.

依我看来，家长应该阻止孩子花费太多的时间玩电脑游戏。

④I had a discouraging (discourage) experience in this city yesterday.

昨天我在这座城市有一次令人沮丧的经历。

[联想记忆]

4.admirable adj.令人敬佩的；极佳的

(教材P8)Her father thought he was admirable because he built bridges you can really count on.

她的父亲认为他受到人们的敬佩是因为他修建了人们真正可以依赖的桥梁。

(1)admire vt.钦佩；羡慕；赞美

admire sb for sth 佩服某人的……

(2)admiration n.敬佩；羡慕

with admiration羡慕地；赞赏地

①The way he dealt with the hardship he came across is admirable.

他处理遇到的艰难困苦的方式令人钦佩。

②I don’t agree with her opinions，but I admire her for sticking to her principles.

我不同意她的意见，但我赞赏她恪守原则。

③She speaks English so well that her friends are filled with admiration (admire).

她的英语说得好极了，她的朋友都赞美不已。

5.suffering n.痛苦；苦难；困难

(教材P8)He put up with a lot of hardship and suffering all his life to provide a good future for his family...

他一生忍受了很多艰难困苦，只为给他的家人提供一个美好的未来……

suffer from (尤指长期地或习惯地)患有(疾病等)；为……所苦；因……而吃苦头

suffer from headache/loss of memory/bad health 患头痛/患有失忆症/身体不好

suffer losses/pain/punishment/defeat/hardship/hunger

遭受损失/痛苦/惩罚/失败/苦难/饥饿

①There is so much suffering in this world.

这个世界多灾多难。

②This would cause great hardship and suffering.

这将造成极大的艰难困苦。

③She is suffering from a bad cold.

她正患重感冒。

④People suffered heavy losses during the flood.

洪灾期间人们遭受了巨大损失。

1.be named after 以……命名

(教材P8)This student is named after a purple flower.

这个学生以紫色的花命名。

name...as/to be 指定/任命……为……

make a/one’s name 出名，成名

in the name of... 以……的名义

by the name of 名叫……的

by name 凭名字；用……的名字

①Bill is named after his father.

比尔以其父亲的名字命名。

②The college is named after George Washington.

该大学以乔治·华盛顿的名字命名。

③I know a man by the name of Peter.

我认识一名叫彼得的人。

④We named Susan as chairman of the meeting last week.

上周我们任命苏珊为会议主席。

2.come across偶然遇见/发现；被理解

(教材P8)I came across an interesting name story when I visited my cousin in Henan Province.

在看望河南省的表妹时，我偶然听到一个关于名字的有趣的故事。

come about　发生；产生

come up 出现；走近；上来

come up with 追上；想出，找出(答案)；提出

come to 达到；总共，总计

come out 出来，出现；出版；结局

①Is this your necklace，Mary？I came across it when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning.

玛丽，这是你的项链吗？今天早上我打扫浴室时偶然发现的。

②How did it come about that he knew where we were?

他是怎么知道我们在什么地方的呢？

③I hope you can come up with a better plan than this.

我希望你能想出比这更好的计划。

④I never expected those few items to come to so much.

我根本没想到那几件东西合计起来竟要这么多钱。

3.hold up支撑起；延迟，阻碍；举起，拿起；抢劫

(教材P8)She became quite famous when she invented a new way of holding up suspension bridges during the building process.

当在建桥的过程中她发明了一种支撑吊桥的新方法的时候，她变得非常出名。

hold back　阻挡；抑制，控制

hold on 别挂断；坚持住

hold on to 抓住不放；坚持；保留

hold out 伸出；维持

①The roof is held up by pillars.

屋顶是由柱子支撑着的。

②The building work has been held up by bad weather.

由于天气不好，建筑工程被耽搁下来。

③I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy，but was held back thankfully by the shop window.

我很想把手伸进去玩那个玩具，但幸亏被商店的橱窗阻挡了。

④My father said that if we believed something was true，we should hold on to it.

父亲说如果我们相信某事是真的，就应该坚持。

写出下列句中hold up的含义

⑤I decided to hold up on the news until he was sure of it. 延迟

⑥Robbers held up a bank at gunpoint yesterday. 抢劫

⑦The chair is too weak to hold up such a fat man. 支撑

⑧They held up their coach to celebrate their winning. 举起

4.count on依靠；指望；期待

(教材P8)Her father thought he was admirable because he built bridges you can really count on.

她父亲认为他(李春)令人敬佩，因为他修建了人们可以真正依靠的桥梁。

count on sb/sth 指望/依靠某人/某事

count on (sb/sth) doing sth 指望(某人/某物)做某事

count on sb to do sth 指望某人做某事

①Don’t count on it.You will be disappointed，particularly when you are lack of money.

那可靠不住，你会失望的，尤其是当你缺钱的时候。

②May I count on your coming this evening?

我可以指望你今晚来一趟吗？

③You can count on him to get (get) the work done on time.

你可以指望他按时完成这项工作。

[名师点津]　表示“指望，依靠”的短语还有：depend on，rely on，figure on以及reckon on，它们后跟宾语从句时一般要用it作形式宾语，然后再接that从句。

④You may count/depend/rely/figure/reckon on it that she will go with you.

你可以相信她会与你同行。

5.figure out理解；弄懂；算出

(教材P8)So they figured out a way to change it.

所以他们想出了一种方法来改变它。

(1)figure in 把……考虑/计算在内

figure on＝count on 指望；预料到；计划，打算

(2)keep/improve one’s figure 保持/改善体型

have a good figure 身材苗条

①I still can’t figure out why she burst into tears yesterday.

我仍不明白她昨天为什么突然大哭起来。

②Don’t figure on going abroad this summer；we may not be able to afford it.

别指望今年夏天出国，我们可能负担不起旅行费用。

③She has a good figure and looks fine in any clothes.

她身材真好，穿什么衣服都好看。

6.end up以……结束，以……告终

(教材P8)However，she didn’t like it so she changed her studies and ended up becoming an engineer!

然而，她不喜欢它(医学专业)，因此她换了专业并最终成为一名工程师！

end up doing sth　以做某事结束或告终

end up with 以某种方式结束

end up in 以某种结果结束

end up＋adj. 以某种状态结束

end up as 最后是，最后成了

①At first，he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended up apologizing.

最初他拒绝接受任何责任，但最后还是道了歉。

②Unfortunately，all their plans ended up in failure.

不幸的是，他们的一切计划都以失败告终。

③If he carries on driving like that，he’ll end up dead.

他继续照那样开车，早晚得死于非命。

7.put up with容忍，忍受

(教材P8)She was worried that her daughter would have to put up with too much teasing with a man’s name.

她担心她的女儿将会因为一个男人的名字而忍受太多嘲笑。

put down 写下来，记下来；放下

put aside 忽视，不理睬；攒钱

put back 放回；拨回(钟表)的针；拖延，使延迟

put forward 向前移；提出；拨快(钟表)

put off 延期

put out 扑灭；伸出

put up 举起；建造

put on 穿上；增加体重；上演

①Your husband counts on you entirely for a living.I’m wondering how you can put up with it.

你丈夫完全靠你生活，我不明白你怎么能忍受这一点。

②They put forward lots of good suggestions at the meeting yesterday.

昨天他们在会议上提出了许多好的建议。

③The flight had to be put off because of the heavy snowstorm in Europe.

因为欧洲的暴风雪，航班被迫推迟。

④I have a little money put aside for a rainy day.

我存了一点钱以备不时之需。

[名师点津]　表示“容忍，忍受”之意的除了put up with以外，还有stand，bear，tolerate，live with等。

(教材P9)If they could choose other names，what do you think they would be?

如果他们可以选择其它的名字，你认为他们会选择什么名字呢？

(1)句式结构：疑问词＋do you think＋陈述句语序？

(2)经常用于这种句式结构的插入语还有：do you believe，do you suppose，do you guess，do you imagine等等。I think，I suppose，I believe，I guess，I hope等也可以在陈述句中作插入语。

①Who do you think is coming?

你认为谁要来？

②When do you think she will visit her uncle?

你认为她何时会去看她舅舅？

③He made another wonderful discovery, which I think is of great importance to science.

他又作出一项伟大发现，我想这次发现对科学研究很重要。

④ What do you think I should do first?

你认为我应该先做什么？

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1.The money was collected for a specific (特定的)purpose.

2.It is abnormal (不正常的)for a man to sleepwalk(梦游).

3.It was only later that we realized the true significance (意义)of his words.

4.He gave a vivid (生动的)account of the volcanic eruption he had witnessed.

5.If you fail your driving test for the first time，don’t let it discourage (使灰心)you.

6.The novelist described the sufferings (困难)of his youth in many of his novels.

7.Her devotion to the scientific work was admirable (令人钦佩的).

8.It’s wrong of you to tease (取笑)a child like that.

Ⅱ.选词填空

count on，come across，figure out，end up with，put up with

1.Yesterday I came across an old school friend in the street.

2.Why do we have to put up with June’s selfish behavior？She should learn to care for others.

3.You can count on him to complete the task.He is very capable.

4.Sam couldn’t figure out how to print out the document until the teacher showed it to him.

5.These little changes will really add up over time，and they’ll end up with major changes in your life after a year or two.

Ⅲ.完成句子

1.Which do you think is the most beautiful city?

你认为哪个城市最漂亮？

2.This chicken tastes more like turkey.

这鸡肉吃起来的味道更像火鸡肉。

3.He has made quite a name for himself in business.

在生意圈里他闯出了名气。

4.Sorry，we are late.That’s because we were held up in the traffic jam.

很抱歉我们迟到了，那是因为我们遇上交通堵塞被耽搁了。

5.Excuse me，sir，please hold on.Our manager will speak to you.

对不起，先生，请您别挂机，我们经理要与您讲话。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1.The invention is of great significance (significant) for our daily life.

2.Mum discouraged me from chatting (chat) online, which is just a waste of time.

3.It’s abnormal (normal) for the boy to tremble so heavily in such a warm day.

4.The room still has many of its original (origin) features.

5.The modern hospital aims to ease the suffering (suffer) of the dying.

Ⅱ.单句改错

1.We must not get discouraging because of such a minor setback.

discouraging→discouraged

2.On the return journey through India，Alexander came about a new town with high walls.

about→across

3.Smell the flowers before you go to sleep, and you may just end up in sweet dreams.

in→with

4.I am not going to put up their smoking and talking loudly any longer.

在up后面加上with

5.In the rainstorm, farmers in the south suffered from a heavy loss.

去掉from

Ⅲ.阅读理解

As the holiday time passes and we all get back into our regular schedules, it’s hard not to think about what this year will hold.Whether last year was everything you hoped for or turned out to be a series of disappointments，many people choose to create resolutions to help set their future action.

Out of those who choose to create resolutions or goals, most will revolve on fitness or lifestyle changes. Especially through the holidays, it’s easy to ignore healthier choices such as exercise or diets.While it’s easy to create a goal centered around your physical health, it can be harder to focus on your other life areas—the choices you make that affect your emotional health or spiritual(精神的) well－being.

Physical health and fitness is important，but it is only one aspect of life.Physical activity can help to create a peaceful mind and to deal with slight mental problems like anxiety，but without other lifestyle changes，the root cause may be ignored.If you find that you are not starting this year where or how you would like，changes are needed.For many，the new year is the hope that follows the holiday slump (萎靡)，the chance to get back on your feet and to start again.

If you find yourself expecting for changes，I challenge you to take a complete look at all aspects of your life.Pay attention to the areas where your time and energy are being wasted and where your joy is being taken away.We all have choices that we can make to better our lives in physical and emotional areas.It may be a friendship that has grown bad，or a daily habit that causes anxiety.

This year, while you may plan to only dust off your gym membership，take the time to dive deeper.It’s not always an easy journey，but it’s always worth the effort.

【语篇解读】　假期结束，新的一年来临之际，人们往往下定决心改善身体健康，却忽略其它方面的改变。作者呼吁读者彻底考虑生活的所有方面，做更深入的改变。

1.People’s new year’s resolutions are usually on .

A.getting back into regular schedules

B.improving physical health and fitness

C.seeking emotional health

D.achieving spiritual well－being

答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，(结束放纵的假期生活)在新的一年来临之际人们通常下定决心改善身体健康(忽略其它一些方面)。]

2.The new year is seen by many as .

A.nothing but more disappointments

B.more or less the same as the previous year

C.the end of the happy and free holiday time

D.a hopeful new start

答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，对很多人来说，新的一年是假期的萎靡状态过去之后的希望，是振作起来、重新开始的机会。由此可知，新的一年被很多人看作是一个充满希望的新的起点。]

3.How to make changes according to the author?

A.Start with a small goal.

B.Focus on one aspect.

C.Take all aspects into consideration.

D.Do it with a positive attitude.

答案　C　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知，如果你发现自己正期盼着改变，“我”强烈建议你彻底看一看你生活的所有方面。由此可知，作者认为做改变要全面考虑。]

4.What does the underlined phrase “dust off” mean?

A.Use again. B.Throw away.

C.Sell out. D.Give up.

答案　A　[词义猜测题。根据前四段内容可知，今年，虽然你可能只是计划要“重新使用”你的健身馆会员卡(去改善身体健康)，但是花点时间深入(进行全方位的改变)吧，画线短语dust off直译为“拂去灰尘”，引申为“重新使用”。]

Ⅳ.完形填空

Last year marked the fifth year of my violin career.It was five years ago when I walked into an instrument 1 and asked，“Do you offer violin lessons？”I was standing in a room 2 with beautiful instruments and felt like a 3 in a strange land.I had little experience in 4 lessons in school.

I’ve loved violin music for years and wanted to learn how to 5 .The music shop set me up for lessons and it soon became 6 to me how challenging it is for a green hand to learn to play.I once watched excellent violinists play and it looked 7 .In fact，it is more difficult than I expected.Little did I know there is a specific 8 in which one holds the instrument.A(n) 9 misplaced finger sends a note (音符) out of tune(曲调).Bow (弓) technique is 10 nuanced (微妙).If I had known how 11 it would be I might never have started.Though it was a big challenge I made it at last after I had learned it for four years.I 12 the first place in the violin contest in our city.

13 the past five years with my violin，I realized I had 14 much more than how to make music.I think mistakes are not 15 ；they are feedback (反馈).You can always learn something from them. Better not make 16 between yourself and others.If doing so you may create a sense of frustration.Besides，you must have 17 in what you decide to do.For me，it’s my love for the violin that makes me feel happy when I hear it played 18 I play it myself.Remember，developing a new 19 requires working hard.The more you practice the more you learn. Above all, you need to 20 working no matter how difficult the situation is.I also think these lessons apply to anything we take up.

【语篇解读】　作者通过自己学习拉小提琴的事情阐述了做事要坚持不懈的道理。

1.A.room B.shop

C.school D.team

答案　B　[根据下文第二段“The music shop...”可知，作者在一家乐器商店里询问是否有小提琴课程。]

2.A.prepared B.designed

C.filled D.decorated

答案　C　[参考上题解析，乐器商店里充满了各种乐器。]

3.A.stranger B.fool

C.child D.student

答案　A　[根据下文“I had little experience...”可知，作者没有任何音乐的学习经验，所以当他站在商店里时就像是一个陌生人来到一个陌生的地方。]

4.A.language B.art

C.performance D.violin

答案　D　[根据上文“Do you offer violin lessons？”可知，作者没有任何关于小提琴的音乐经历，所以想学习拉小提琴。]

5.A.play B.enjoy

C.practice D.act

答案　A　[作者很喜欢小提琴，而且想学习如何拉小提琴。]

6.A.funny B.free

C.relaxing D.clear

答案　D　[根据下文“...how challenging it is for a green hand to learn to play.”可知，对于一个新手来说，学习拉小提琴真是太有挑战了，作者很快就清楚了这一点。]

7.A.interesting B.attractive

C.easy D.hard

答案　C　[根据下文“In fact，it was more difficult than I expected.”可知，作者看过一些优秀的小提琴家演奏，那看起来很容易。事实上，拉小提琴比作者预想的要难得多。]

8.A.part B.style

C.direction D.tradition

答案　A　[根据下文“...in which one holds the instrument.”可知，作者根本不知道拿小提琴时要拿特定的位置。]

9.A.carelessly B.slightly

C.mainly D.obviously

答案　B　[手指微微放错就会跑调。]

10.A.surprisingly B.commonly

C.differently D.wonderfully

答案　A　[根据上文内容可知，作者根本没想到拉小提琴会这么难，拉小提琴的弓法也令人惊讶地微妙。]

11.A.suffering B.challenging

C.amazing D.encouraging

答案　B　[根据上文“...it soon became to me how challenging it is for a green hand to learn to play.”可知，作者说如果他早知道拉小提琴这么有挑战性，他有可能就不学了。]

12.A.required B.missed

C.won D.reached

答案　C　[根据上文“Though it was a big challenge I made it at last after I had learned it for four years.”可知，虽然拉小提琴很具有挑战性，但在学习了四年之后，作者成功了。他赢得了全市小提琴比赛的第一名。]

13.A.Cheering for B.Turning to

C.Making use of D.Looking back on

答案　D　[回顾过去学习拉小提琴的五年时光。]

14.A.received B.touched

C.learned D.saved

答案　C　[根据下文作者讲述的道理可知，作者认为他学到的不仅是如何演奏音乐。]

15.A.disasters B.failures

C.chances D.results

答案　B　[根据下文“You can always learn something from them.”可知，犯错误不是失败，那是一种反馈。你一直都能从错误中学到东西。]

16.A.peace B.misunderstanding

C.connections D.comparisons

答案　D　[根据下文“If doing so you may create a sense of frustration.”可知，不要跟别人作比较。因为如果你这么做了，(与优秀的人作比较时)你有可能会产生挫败感。]

17.A.knowledge B.recognition

C.love D.imagination

答案　C　[根据下文“For me，it’s my love for the violin...”可知，你必须要热爱你决定要做的事情。]

18.A.when B.but

C.and D.or

答案　D　[不论别人演奏小提琴还是作者自己演奏的时候，都会让作者感到幸福。]

19.A.habit B.skill

C.profession D.life

答案　B　[根据上文内容可知，作者通过不断努力终于学会了拉小提琴。所以在培养一项技能的时候需要努力。]

20.A.keep on B.start with

C.get into D.think over

答案　A　[根据上文内容可知，作者在刚开始学习拉小提琴的时候，感到非常困难，但是他坚持练习，终于学有所成。因此作者认为不论情况有多艰难，都要坚持。]

Ⅴ.语法填空

The Chinese Dragon Boat Festival has a long history in China，which is best known 1.for its dragon－boat races，especially in the southern places 2.where there are many rivers and lakes.3.It was said that in ancient Chu people were unwilling 4.to let (let) Qu Yuan，a great man，die in the river，so they wanted to catch up with him and rescue him but failed.Later，they threw bamboo leaves filled with 5.cooked (cook) rice into the river，and they built their boats in the shape of the dragon and rowed them in the river to stop the fish 6.eating (eat) the body of Qu Yuan.After a year on May 5th，some people threw Zongzi into the river to feed Qu Yuan as if he 7.were (be) alive，and some held a dragon boat race in memory of him.

In 1980，dragon boat racing was included in the Chinese national sports events，and now it 8.is held (hold) every year.With the changes of times，it 9.gradually (gradual) turns to be a time for protection from evil and disease for the rest of the year.Although the importance of the festival might be different from the past，it still gives large numbers of 10.foreigners (foreign) an opportunity to learn a part of the rich Chinese cultural heritage.

Unit 16 Part