一、语基必备知识

(一)重点词汇——分类记忆

Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意

1．anecdote n．　　　　　　 轶事；奇闻

2．migration n. 迁徙；迁居；移居

3．shore n. 岸；海滨

4．suck vt.& vi. 吮吸

5．shark n. 鲨鱼

6．telescope n. 望远镜

7．tide n. 潮(汐)；潮水；潮流

8．seaweed n. 海草；海藻

9．flashlight n. 闪光信号灯；手电筒；闪光灯

10．steep adj. 陡峭的

11．shallow adj. 浅的；肤浅的；浅显的

12．pension n. 养老金；退休金

13．yell vi. 大叫；呼喊

n. 叫声；喊声

14．conservation n. 保存；保护

15．awesome adj. 使人敬畏的；令人畏惧的

16．cell n. 细胞；(蜂房的)巢室

Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形

1．witness vt. 当场见到；目击

n. 目击者；证人；证据

2．opposite prep. 在……对面

adj. 相对的；相反的

3．pause vi.& n. 暂停；中止

4．drag vt. 拖；拉；扯

5．urge vt. 催促；极力主张；驱策

6．meantime adv. 其间；同时

7．annual adj. 每年的；按年度计算的

n. 年刊；年鉴

8．neat adj. 〈口〉好的；整齐的；匀称的

9．teamwork n. 协作；配合

10．flee vi. 逃避；逃跑

vt. 逃离

11．narrow adj. 狭窄的；有限的；狭隘的

12．target n. 目标；靶；受批评的对象

Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变

1．accommodate vt.提供住宿→accommodation n．住所；住宿

2．deep adj.& adv.深的(地)→deeply adv.深深地→deepen v．使加深；变深→depth n．深(度)

3．urge vt.催促；极力主张→urgent__ adj.紧急的

4．abandon vt.放弃；遗弃→abandoned adj.被遗弃的

5．relate v．使有联系；涉及→related adj.有关系的→relation n．关系；叙述→relationship__ n．关系

6．conserve v．保存；保护→conservation n．保存；保护

7．reflect vi.思考 vt.映射；反射；思考→reflection n．反射；反映；映像

8．aware adj.意识到的；知道的→awareness n．意识

9．sharp adj.锐利的；锋利的；敏捷的→sharpen v．削尖；磨快；尖锐；变锋利→sharpener n．铅笔刀；磨具

10．taste n．味道 v．品尝→tasteless adj.无味的→tasty adj.好吃的；可口的

11．scare vt.恐吓 vi.受惊吓→scared adj.恐惧的；害怕的→scary adj.恐怖的；可怕的

12．vivid adj.生动的；鲜明的；鲜艳的→vividly adv.清晰地；生动地；强烈地

1.“形容词和副词”同形的词

①deep adj.　　　　 深的

adv. 在深处

②close adj. 亲密的

adv. 紧密地

③fast adj. 快的

adv. 迅速地

④direct adj. 直接的

adv. 直接地

2.好好“保护”

①conserve v．　　　　 保护；保存

②conservation n. 保护；保存

③protect v. 保护

④protection n. 保护

⑤preserve v. 保护；保存

⑥reserve n. 保护区

3. “看”遍天下

①witness v．　　 当场见到；目击

n. 目击者；证人

②glare v. 瞪眼；怒目而视

③glimpse v. 瞥见；看一眼

④watch v. 看；注视

⑤glance v. (粗略地)看一下；扫视

⑥stare vt.& vi. 凝视；盯着看

(二)重点短语——记牢用活

1．ahead__of　　　　　　　 优于；在……前面

2．aim__at 瞄准

3．in__the__meantime 在此期间；与此同时

4．help__(...)__out__ 帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难

5．be/become__aware__of 对……知道、明白；意识到……

6．upside__down 上下翻转

7．(be)__scared__to__death 吓死了

8．hold__up 举起；抬起；支撑；阻挡；使延误

9．be__about__to__do__sth. 即将做某事；将要做某事

10．get__close__to__ 靠近

1.“v.＋at”动词短语荟萃

①aim at　　　　　 瞄准

②point at 指向

③arrive at 到达

④laugh at 嘲笑

⑤knock at 敲(门、窗等)

2.hold相关短语集合

①hold up　　 　 举起；阻挡

②hold on 坚持；稍等

③hold back 踌躇；阻止

④hold out 维持；坚持

⑤hold off 推迟；战胜

3.“动词＋out”短语专辑

①help (...) out帮助(某人)摆脱

困境或危难

②work out 解决；算出；锻炼

③figure out 解决；算出；弄清

④find out 查明；弄清楚

⑤try out 试用；试验

(三)重点句式——背熟巧用

二、语境强化训练

Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式

1．In that country, people who talk too loudly on their mobile phones or eat smelly foods will face being dragged(拖；拉) off the underground train and handed $650 fines.

2．I would like to set a new target(目标) for my studies after I enter my ideal college.

3．Years of school life has taught me a lot of things, of which teamwork(协作) is the most important for me.

4．We should keep our classroom and dormitory neat(整齐的) and tidy every day.

5．The weather was too hot, so I ran towards the seaside and dived(dive) into the cool water.

6．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)You also need to judge the quality and depth(deep) of your motivation.

Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义

1．(2019·天津卷阅读D)Most of us，in fact，progressively narrow the variety of our lives.We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it.使缩小；使变窄

2．(2018·江苏卷阅读C)We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland conservation, as we push for immigration reform, and as we seek policies that will ensure the success of a diverse and ambitious next generation of farmers from all backgrounds.保存；保护

3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ阅读D)When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won’t have to break down the still every time you need a drink.吮吸

4．(2017·北京卷阅读B)Refund Policy—the subscription can be cancelled within 28 days and you can get your money back.退还；偿还

5．(全国卷Ⅱ阅读D)A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life. 南极的

Ⅲ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空

1．It was a scary story and children were scared after they heard it.(scare)

2．The boy’s pencil isn’t sharp,__so he sharpens it with his sharpener．(sharp)

3．Though the soup is tasty,__I’ve lost my sense of taste and it tastes just like tasteless water.(tasty)

4．The lake is over 20 meters in depth. So we were all moved deeply by the man who dived deep into the lake to save the boy.(depth)

5．Some flowers are reflected in the river and the reflection is very beautiful.(reflect)

6．If you can’t find any accommodations elsewhere, here is a room which can accommodate up to five people.(accommodate)

7．He described vividly what he saw in London, giving us a vivid picture about people’s life there.(vivid)

8．Whether a student likes a subject or not, is normally related to the relationship/relation between he and his teacher.(relate)

Ⅳ.选词成篇

be scared to death; help...out; be aware of; get close to; in the meantime; ahead of; be about to

Once I, together with my parents, visited Qingdao Ocean World. To my joy, I could 1.get__close__to__ the shark in the aquarium. Although I 2.was__aware__of__ the shark in the tank, I 3.was__scared__to__death when the shark swam to me.

4．In__the__meantime,__there were many visitors 5.ahead__of us. They were also scared to scream. We 6.were__about__to__ go to see other fishes when the shark turned around. Luckily, it was the feeder that drew its attention and 7.helped us out. What an exciting experience we had under the sea!

Ⅴ.完成句子

1．那是一个很多年轻人到农村去锻炼的时代。

It__was__a__time__when many young people went to the countryside to get some training.

2．我们看到越来越多的古建筑正在被破坏或拆除。

We see more__and__more__ancient__buildings__being__destroyed or pulled down.

3．常言道，有志者事竟成。

As the saying goes, where__there__is__a__will,__there__is__a__way．

4．我正要出去，这时突然下起雨来。

I was__about__to__go__out__when it began to rain.

witness　vt.当场见到；目击　n．目击者；证人；证据

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①(上海卷)The late twentieth century witnessed(witness) the rapid development of China’s economy.

②What the police did first was to interview all the witnesses(witness) to the accident last week.

[能力提升]——微写作

③(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)我们将见证我们学校的荣耀，我们一起成长。

We__will__witness__the__glory__of__our__school，and we are growing together.

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(1)witness sth./that...　　 目击……

witness to (doing) sth. 证实/证明(做)某事

(2)a witness of/to sth. 某事的证人/证明　

[佳句背诵] Our city witnesses four different seasons，plenty of sunshine and good rainfall, but in winter you may feel a little cold.

我们的城市见证了四个不同的季节，阳光充足、雨量充沛，但在冬天你可能会觉得有点冷。

urge　vt.催促；极力主张；驱策　n．强烈的欲望；冲动

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I never felt an urge to__learn(learn) any sign language before.

②(2018·浙江卷6月)Because of all this extra time, there was no sense of urgency(urge) to do my school work immediately.

[能力提升]——微写作

③(江苏卷书面表达)人们不仅在网上投票，还敦促他人投票支持诸如“最美丽的老师”和“最萌宝贝”这样的竞赛。

People not only cast online votes themselves, but also urge__others__to__vote__for competitions like “The Most Beautiful Teacher” and “The Cutest Baby”．

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(1)urge sb. to do/into doing sth.

　　　　　　　　 催促某人做某事

urge that...(should) do sth.　 极力主张

(2)feel an urge to do sth. 有强烈的欲望做某事

(3)urgent adj. 紧急的；迫切的

urgency n. 紧迫；急迫；急事

[佳句背诵] In order to improve learning efficiency, I urge that all of us (should) form the habit of thinking independently and going over lessons in time.

为了提高学习效率，我主张大家养成独立思考、及时复习功课的习惯。

abandon　vt.遗弃；放弃；抛弃；中止；(与oneself连用)使放纵，使听任　n．放任；放纵

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①As far as I know，they have abandoned carrying(carry) out the plan for lack of money.

②Feeling frustrated, I found myself abandoning myself to playing(play) computer games.

③(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned(abandon) bricks of different ages.

[能力提升]——完成句子

④我正要放弃希望，就在这时，我的爸爸过来鼓励我要继续下去。

I__was__about__to__abandon__hope__when my father came and encouraged me to keep going.

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(1)abandon oneself to...　 沉湎于……

abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事

(2)with abandon 放纵地；放任地

(3)abandoned adj. 被遗弃的；放纵的

be abandoned to 沉湎于……

[佳句背诵] We should abandon those bad habits that are harmful to our health, such as smoking and drinking.　我们应该摒弃那些对我们健康有害的坏习惯，如吸烟和喝酒等。

reflect　vi.思考　vt.映射；反射；思考

[基础练习]——单句语法填空/猜测加黑词的含义

①Usually a child’s behaviour is a reflection(reflect) of his family environment.

②Reflecting(reflect) on her volunteer experience，Tina felt proud of what she managed to achieve together with her local colleagues.

③(2019·全国卷Ⅲ完形)But that changed when a system of high­tech mirrors was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks(山峰) into the valley below.从……反射阳光

[能力提升]——词汇升级

④(普通表达)You should set aside some time to consider your successes and failures.

(高级表达)You should set aside some time to reflect__on your successes and failures.

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(1)be reflected in　　　　　 倒映在；反映在

(2)reflect on/upon sth. 思考某事

(3)reflection n. 反射；映像

be lost in reflection 陷入深思中

[佳句背诵] In class, you will mainly learn Tang Poetry, which reflects traditional Chinese culture.

在课堂上，你将主要学习反映中国传统文化的唐诗。(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)

[联想发散]　“考虑，思考”一家人：

①consider；②reflect__on;__

③take__sth.into__account/consideration．

help (...) out　帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难；协助；使(某人)脱离困境

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①I have been busy with my study and seldom help my parents with the housework.

②(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)I told the story to the class.As sad as it was, I couldn’t help smiling(smile)．

[能力提升]——一句多译

(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)希望这些建议对你有帮助。

③Hopefully, these__suggestions__would__help__you__out．(help v．)

④Hopefully, these__suggestions__would__be__helpful__for__you．(helpful adj.)　

⑤Hopefully, these__suggestions__would__be__of__help__to__you．(help n．)

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(1)help sb.(to) do sth.　　　 帮助某人做某事

help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事

(2)can’t help (to) do sth. 不能帮着做某事

can’t help doing sth. 禁不住做某事

(3)with the help of 在……的帮助下

[佳句背诵] It was my mother who helped me out of the trouble when I felt really helpless during that period of time.　正是我母亲在我感到特别无助的那段时间帮我摆脱了困境。

be/become aware of　对……知道、明白；意识到……

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①In conclusion, people around the world should be aware of the real situation of water shortage.

②(2019·北京卷)Not only will you help our young volunteers to develop personally, you’ll also learn new skills and increase your cultural awareness(aware)．

[能力提升]——词汇升级

③(普通表达)Through the discussion, we realize the importance of carrying out a low carbon economy in our country.

(高级表达)Through the discussion, we are__aware__of the importance of carrying out a low carbon economy in our country.

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(1)be aware that...　　　　 知道；体会到……

make sb. aware of/that... 使某人注意到……

(2)raise/arouse one’s awareness of

提高……的意识

[佳句背诵] I would like to speak for pandas so that I can learn more about how to protect them and raise people’s awareness of animal protection.

我想为大熊猫代言，这样我就能更多地了解如何保护它们，并提高人们对动物保护的意识。

where...there be...在……地方，有……

(教材P24)The water was quite shallow but where the reef ended, there was a steep drop to the sandy ocean floor.　水很浅，但到了珊瑚礁的尽头，就有一个陡坡，一直下降到满是沙子的海底。

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①As the saying goes, where there is a smoke, there is a fire.

②As far as I’m concerned, you are free to go wherever__ you like.

③(2019·北京卷语法填空)What students do at college seems to matter much more than where they go.

[能力提升]——一句多译

(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)一个新的体育馆在一年前还是草地的地方拔地而起。

④A newly­brand stadium has arisen where__there__was__nothing__but__a__grassland__a__year__ago．(状语从句)

⑤A newly­brand stadium has arisen in__the__place__where__there__was__nothing__but__a__grassland__a__year__ago．(定语从句)

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(1)where可以引导地点状语从句，修饰主句的谓语。

(2)where可以引导定语从句，修饰它前面的名词。

(3)where可以引导名词性从句，在句中作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。　

[佳句背诵] We are going to meet at the school gate at 7 am and cycle to the nearby mountain where we can go hiking and enjoy a picnic.

我们打算上午七点钟在学校门口集合并骑车到附近的山上远足并进行野餐。 (2017·浙江卷6月应用文写作)

Ⅰ.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)

1．(2019·江苏卷)A city is the product of the human hand and mind, reflecting(reflect) man’s intelligence and creativity.

2．He described what he had__witnessed(witness) in China，which aroused much interest among his countrymen.

3．Only when everyone has the environmental awareness(aware) can we have cleaner air.

4．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)However, these plans were__abandoned(abandon) because of financial problems.

5．He turned around and narrowly(narrow) escaped being hit by a car.

6．The program will give young athletes the chance to sharpen(sharp) their skills.

Ⅱ.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)

1．Opposite to the lecture hall is the art center, where there are many Chinese and foreign famous paintings.

2．It was once a time when I had no interest in study and wanted to drop out of school.

3．Abandoned to playing(play) computer games, Wang Ping has fallen behind the other students in his studies.

4．(全国卷Ⅰ)Suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on. As he got closer, he found another vehicle upside __down on the road.

5．The train was held up by the snowstorm, causing the delay.

Ⅲ.易错误用(改正下列句子中的错误)

1．In the exams，beautiful and neatly handwriting is beneficial to us students.neatly→neat

2．A truck came in an opposite direction of the car, so the car driver made a sharply turn.sharply→sharp

3．Judging from the furniture in the room，the building has abandoned for a number of years.在has后加been

4．Knowing that the little girl didn’t come to school，I can’t help wonder what happened to her.wonder→wondering

5．Though urging to go to bed many times, the little boy just turned a deaf ear and fixed his eyes on the cartoons.urging→urged

Ⅳ.熟词生义(根据具体语境写出加黑词的词性及含义)

1．(天津卷阅读C)The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp.adj.明确的；确定的

2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ阅读C)While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many children’s lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading.adj.(数量的上升或下降)急剧的

3．Parents and children should communicate more to narrow the gap between them so that they can understand each other better.__vt.使变小；使变窄

提能一　语段填空(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)

Last week Mrs.Brown as well as her child was driving back home after a 1.tasty(taste) meal in a KFC restaurant when she witnessed a car bumped into hers.That driver obviously got drunk.She and her child were nearly scared 2.to death and fortunately they 3.narrowly(narrow) missed being killed in the 4.scary(scare) accident.When recalling this accident, she was in the 5.depth(deep) of fright those days.After days of 6.reflecting(reflect) what had happened, she wrote an article, calling on people to raise the 7.awareness(aware) of risks when driving or walking on the road.She also gave some suggestions, including not using phones on roads in case something 8.urgent(urge) happened.It is urged that everyone 9.(should)__take(take) responsibility when it comes to building a harmonious society.

提能二　话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)

近十年来很多海洋生物灭绝了，这引起全世界的广泛关注。假设你是李华，请在环境保护日写一篇关于保护海洋的英文演讲稿。要点如下：①海洋受到污染的现状；②保护海洋的重要性。

1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)

①众所周知，在海洋深处有各种资源。

As we all know, there are varieties of resources at__the__depth__of__the__ocean．

②过去的十年目睹了很多海洋生物灭绝了。

The__past__decade__has__witnessed that many marine creatures have died out.

③海洋污染受到全世界极大的关注。

Marine pollution has__been__greatly__concerned by the whole world.

④我们应该使人们意识到保护海洋的重要性，因为保护海洋就是保护人类。

We must make__people__aware__of__the__importance__of__protecting__the__ocean,__because to protect the ocean is to protect human beings.

⑤政府应督促立即采取措施保持生态平衡。

The government should urge__immediate__measures__be__taken__to__keep__the__balance__of__nature．

⑥无论有多么大的困难，我们绝不放弃保护海洋。

No matter how great the difficulty is, we will never abandon__protecting__the__ocean．

2．升级平淡句

⑦用倒装句升级句⑥

No__matter__how__great__the__difficulty__is,__never__will__we__abandon__protecting__the__ocean.

3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇however, therefore, on the one hand, on the other hand)

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One possible version：

As we all know, there are varieties of resources at the depth of the ocean. However, the past decade has witnessed that many marine creatures have died out. Therefore, marine pollution has been greatly concerned by the whole world.

On the one hand, we must make people aware of the importance of protecting the ocean, because to protect the ocean is to protect human beings. On the other hand, the government should urge immediate measures be taken to keep the balance of nature. No matter how great the difficulty is, never will we abandon protecting the ocean.

(建议用时：50分钟)

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2020·昆明高三模拟)Finding fish is going to get harder as climate change continues to heat the world’s oceans. A new study finds that warming seas over the past 80 years have reduced the sustainable catch of 124 species of fish and shellfish. A sustainable catch refers to the amount that can be harvested without doing long­term damage to the health of populations of some species.

Overfishing has made that decline worse, researchers say. Overfishing refers to catching so many fish that the size of the population falls. In some parts of the world, such as the heavily fished Sea of Japan, the decrease is as high as 35 percent. That’s a loss of more than one in every three fish.

Researchers examined changes in 235 populations of fish and shellfish between 1930 and 2010. Those fish populations spread far apart across 38 ocean regions. Temperature changes vary from one ocean site to another. But on average over that time, Earth’s sea­surface temperatures have risen by about half a degree Celsius.

On average, that warming has caused the sustainable catch to drop by 4.1 percent, the study found. About 8 percent of the fish and shellfish populations the team studied saw losses as a result of the ocean warming. However, about 4 percent of some populations increased. That’s because certain species have thrived in warmer waters. One example is a kind of black sea fish. It lives along the northeastern U．S. coast. As warming continues, these fish will reproduce faster until they reach their limit.

About 3.2 billion people worldwide rely on seafood as a source of food. That means it’s urgent for commercial fishing fleets and regulators to consider how climate change is affecting the health of all of those fish in the sea.

【解题导语】　研究发现，随着气候变化导致海洋升温，世界上可持续捕获的鱼类和水生有壳动物在不断减少，这在一定程度上影响了渔业的产量。

1．What does the new study discover?

A．Overfishing is to blame for fish health.

B．Warming seas cause fewer fish and shellfish.

C．Seafood matters to people’s health worldwide.

D．The living regions of fish and shellfish are different.

B　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A new study finds that warming seas over the past 80 years have reduced the sustainable catch of 124 species of fish and shellfish.”可知，新的研究发现，海水升温导致鱼类和水生有壳动物减少。故选B。

2．What does the underlined word “thrived” in paragraph 4 probably mean?

A．Survived narrowly.　　　　 B．Disappeared soon.

C．Decreased sharply. D．Developed quickly.

D　解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“One example... As warming continues, these fish will reproduce faster until they reach their limit.”可知，随着升温继续，这些鱼将快速繁殖直到它们的极限，据此可推知，画线词的含义与“reproduce faster”相近，故选D。

3．What do we know about species of fish and shellfish?

A．About 8 percent of them suffered from a great loss.

B．About 35 percent of them survived in the Sea of Japan.

C．About 3.2 billion species have been saved up to now.

D．About 80 species have died out because of warming seas.

A　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“About 8 percent of the fish and shellfish populations the team studied saw losses as a result of the ocean warming.”可知，大约8%的鱼类和水生有壳动物数量上遭受了重大损失。故选A。根据第二段中的“In some parts...the decrease is as high as 35 percent.”可知，B项表述错误；根据第五段中的“About 3.2 billion people worldwide rely on seafood as a source of food.”可知，C项表述错误；文章没有提到D项所表述的内容。

4．From which is the text probably taken?

A．A cooking guide. B．A science magazine.

C．A news review. D．A health brochure.

B　解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，一项最新研究显示，随着海洋变暖，鱼类和水生有壳动物的数量正在减少。这在一定程度上影响了渔业的产量和这些生物的健康。由此可知，本文属于科学类文章。故选B。

【难句分析】　That means it’s urgent for commercial fishing fleets and regulators to consider how climate change is affecting the health of all of those fish in the sea.

分析：本句是一个主从复合句。句中“it’s urgent for commercial fishing fleets and regulators to consider how climate change is affecting the health of all of those fish in the sea”为省略了that的宾语从句，作动词means的宾语；其中“how climate change is affecting the health of all of those fish in the sea”为how引导的宾语从句，作consider的宾语。

译文：这意味着，商业捕鱼船队和监管机构迫切需要考虑气候变化如何影响海洋中所有鱼类的健康。

B

(2020·河北六校联考)As far back as the age of dinosaurs millions of years ago, turtles(海龟) wandered around the Earth. Even nowadays it is generally assumed that turtles are the world’s steadiest creature.

However, a new research shows 61 percent of the 356 species of turtles are already threatened or no longer exist. The destruction of their homes, disease, climate change and other reasons have caused their population to drop sharply. In a new study published in the journal BioScience, a team of scientists from various institutions claims that turtles are one of the most threatened among the major vertebrate(脊椎动物) groups.

“This could，” the authors say, “have serious consequences for the ecology.” Turtles contribute to the health of many environments, including desert, wetland, freshwater and marine ecosystems, and the decline may lead to bad effects on other species, including humans, they explain. Whit Gibbons, senior author and professor at the University of Georgia’s Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, says in a statement that the intention of the study is to inform people about the vital ecological roles of turtles.

One of the important qualities of turtles is how diverse they are when it comes to food. This allows them to have a major impact on food webs of their homes all over the world. In some areas, the density(密度) of the turtle population makes them an important part of the ecosystem. With their gathering, other species that feed on them and their eggs are sure to have a large pool of food.

For plants, turtles are also extremely important as they distribute the seeds of many plant species. When they eat, some seeds are not destroyed by the digestive process and instead make their way out of the animals’ body. Some turtles are the main dispersal(传播) agents of certain plants and their seeds.

These are only a few yet very vital roles that turtles play in the ecological landscape. Unfortunately, many species are in serious decline and in danger of disappearing completely.

【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了海龟的数量急剧下降对生态系统有负面影响。

5．What does the new study aim to do?

A．To save the grand vertebrate groups on earth.

B．To warn people of turtles’ terrible situation.

C．To make the importance of turtles’ roles known.

D．To claim turtles may be related to dinosaurs.

C　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“the intention of the study is to inform people about the vital ecological roles of turtles”可知，这个研究的目的是让人们了解海龟对生态的重要作用。故选C。

6．How might the disappearance of turtles influence certain plants?