新视野大学英语视听说教程第三册听力原文讲解

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新视野大学英语视听说教程第三册答案Uint1II.BasicListeningPractice1.Script
W:Haveyouchosenyourelectivefornextsemesteryet?AreyoutakingFrenchwritingagain?M:YesIam,butit‘scompulsoryforusnextsemester.SoIthinkI‘mgongtodomarketingasanelectiveinstead.Q:Whichclasswillthemanchooseashiselective?
2.Script
M:DidyougotothatbusinessstrategylectureonFriday?Imisseditandneedtocopyyournotes.W:I‘dsayyoucouldborrowmynotes,butSarah‘sgotthem.BecarefulnottomissProfessorBrown‘sseminar;hetakesattendanceinthat.Q:Whatisthewomantellingtheman?
3.Script
W:Wow,Steven!Inthelibrary!Whatbringsyouhere?M:I‘menjoyingtheview.AllthegirlsinfashiondesignareherearepreparingforanexamonMonday.Q:Whyisthemaninthelibrary?
4.Script
W:How‘syourgroupdoingwiththisstatisticspresentation?Mine‘sterrible.M:Yeah,minetoo.DavidandMikeareOK,butStevendoesn‘tpullhisweightandSuzie‘sneveraround.Idon‘tseehowwecanpassunlessStevenandSuzierealizethatthisistheirlastchance.Q:WhatisthetrueofStevenandSuzie?
5.Script
W:YoutookanMBAatHarvardBusinessSchool,didn‘tyou?What‘sitlike?M:It‘sexpensive,aboutU.S.$40,000ayear,plusthecostsoffoodandhousing.Buttheteachingisfirstclass.Theprofessorshavealotofpracticalexperience.Theyusethecasesystemofteaching;thatis,youstudyhowactualbusinessesgreworfailed.Q:WhyisheMBAteachinginHarvardBusinessSchoolfirstclass,accordingtotheconversation?

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Keys:1.C2.D3.B4.D5.AIII.ListeningIn
Task1:OntheFirstDayScript
Harrison:I‘mHarrison.Goodtomeetyou.Soyou‘veboughtthebooksforthisbiologyclass.Jenny:Sure,Ithinkeveryonehadtobeforeclassstarted.Harrison:No.Usuallynoonedoesmuchonthefirstdaybecauseit‘sstilladd-drop.Jenny:What‘sthat?Harrison:Changingfromclasstoclasstofindoutwhichoneisbest.Hey,whereareyoufrom?Jenny:Poland.Haveyouhasthisteacherbefore?I‘veheardheisreallygood.Harrison:He‘sgoodifyou‘reahand-worker.Heexpectsalot.Jenny:Oh,Iguessthat‘sgood.IhopeIcankeepupwitheveryoneelseintheclass.MaybeIneedyourhelpafterclass.Harrison:You‘rewelcome.…Professor:Allright.Seeyouguysnextweek.Student:Seeyou.Jenny:Harrison,waitup!Harrison:Sowhatdoyouthinkabouttheprofessor‘slecture?Jenny:Ithinkhalfofwhathesaidwentovermyhead.Harrison:That‘sallright.Alotofwhathesaidisexplaininthereading/Jenny:Hey,wouldyoumindifIborrowedyournotestonighttolookthemover?Harrison:Noproblem.Wedon‘thaveclassuntilWednesday.Hereyougo.Jenny:Thanks.IjustwanttomakesureI‘mpreparedfortheseminar.Harrison:Yeah,participationinthediscussionisanimportantpartoftheeducationhere.
SeeingthatJennyhasboughtthebooksforthebiologyclass,Harrisonsaysnobodydoesmuchonthefirstdaybecauseit‘sstilladd-drop,whichmeansstudentsarechangingfromclasstoclass.Jennyknowstheprofessorisreallygood.ButHarrisonwarnsherthattheprofessorisgood,onlyifstudentsarehand-workers,forheexpectsalot.Afterclass,Jennyadmitsthathalfofwhattheprofessorsaidwentoverherhead,andHarrisonassuresherthatalotofwhattheprofessorsaidisexplainedinthereading.
WhenJennyaskstoborrowHarrisonnotes,hesays―onproblem‖,fortheydon‘thaveclassuntilWednesday.Finally,Harriso

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nsaysparticipationinthediscussionattheseminarisanimportantpartoftheeducationthere.
Task2:Howtoselectelecivecourses?Script
Considerthesetisonelectivecoursesandyou'llchoosethosethatwillserveyoubest.Tobeginwith,youshouldselectthecoursesthatfityourprofession.Itisagoodideatochooseelectivecoursescloselyrelatedtoyourchosenprofession.Potentialemployerswillappreciateeverybitogextratrainingandknowledgethattheydon'thavetogiveyou.Forexample,youmayselectelectivecoursesinchemistry,biologyorevenphysicsifyouaredoingasciencemajor.Forbusinessmajors,selectelectivesinaccounting,businessadministration,andevencomputing,asyouwillneverknowwhenthesewillcomeinhandyinthecorporateworld.Moreover,youcanchooseaneducationthatincludesmanyfieldsofstudy.Ifyouaretakingaheavyloadofcareer-relatedcourses,youmaypreferelectivesthatarenotdirectlyrelatedtoyourmajor.Ifyoureceiveawell-roundededucation,someemployersbelievethatyouhavebetterpotential.Forexample,ifyouhavecoursesinscincealongwithyourbusinessdegree,youcouldpossiblywinajoboversomeonewhomajoredpurelyinbusinesswithnooutsideelectives.Finally,youcanalsoselectachallengingelectivecourse.Partofgettinganeducationislearninghowtolearn,andelectivecoursesshouldhelpyouachievethisgoal.Youneednottomemorizealltheinformationfromeachclass,butyoushouldgetabetterrlunderstandingoftheworld.So,pickelectivecoursesthatchallengeyourbeliefsystemandmakeyoulookattheworldinadifferntway.Forinstance,youcanconsideraphilosophyelectiveifyouhavebeentoldthatyouarealittlenarrow-minded.1extratraining2chemistry3accounting4manyfieldsofstudy5betterpotential6businessdegree7challenging8howtolearn9betterunderstanding10narrow-minded
Task3:HowtoGetStraightA’s

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Script
ItisinterestingtonotehowstraightAstudentsachieveacademicexcellence.Here,accordingtoeducationexpertsandstudentsthemselvesarethesecretsofsuper-achievers.
First,theyknowhowtosetpriorities.Topstudentsallownointrusionsonstudytime.Oncethebooksareopenorthecomputeristurnedon,phonecallsgounanswered,TVshowsunwatched,snacksignored.Studyisbusiness,andbusinesscomesbeforerecreation.Also,goodstudentscanstudyanywhereandeverywhere.ClaudiaHill,anArizonaStateUniversitybusinessprofessorrecallsacross-countryrunnerwhoworkedouteveryday.Hillpersuadedhimtousehissparetimetomemorizebiologyterm.Thenhepostedalistofbiologytermsonthemirrorinthebathroom.Helearnedafewtermseverydaywhilebrushinghisteeth.Eventually,hescoredhighonthefinalexamination.Moreover,topstudentsscheduletheirtimewell.Studytimesarestrictlyamatterofpersonalpreference.Someworklateatnightwhenthehouseisquiet.Othersawakeearly.Stillothersstudyassoonastheycomehomefromschoolwhentheworkisfreshintheirminds.Allagreed,however,ontheneedforconsistency.Astudentsays,―WhateverIwasdoing,Imaintainedacertainperiodoftimeeverydayforstudying.‖Anotherimportantcharacteristicofsuper-achieversisthattheyknowhoetoread,AccordingtoabookentitledGettingStraightA‘s,thesecretofgoodreadingistobe―anactivereader-onewhocontinuallyasksquestionsthatleadtoafullunderstandingoftheauthor‘smessage‖.1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedaboutsuper—achieversstartingtostudy?2.Whatdidtherunnerdotoscorehighontheexam?3.Whatisthethingalltopstudentsagreeon?4.Whatdoesthespeakermeanby―anactivereader‖?5.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?
Kes:1B2.C3.D4.A5.DIV.SpeakingOut
MODEL1You’rejustgoingtohavestudyhard

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Nora:Onlyourfirstdaybackatschool,andalreadyIfeellikeI‘velearnedalot.Chris:Onlyourfirstdaybackatschool,andIalreadyfeellikeI‘muptomyearsinhomework.Nora:You‘regoingtohavetohitthebooksifyouwanttokeepyourgradesup.Chris:Tellmeaboutit!Ialreadyhavetworeports,twobooksreports,acomposition,anoralreport,andaresearchproject—allduebeforemidterms.Nora:Wecouldworktogether.Maybesomeofmyorganizedstudyhabitwouldrub
offonyou.Chris:Betteryet,maybeyoucoulddomyhomeworkforme.Nora:Forgetit!Thatwouldbecheating.Chris:Allright,allright.Ihaveyettowriteatermpaper.Canyourecommendanyarticlesandbooks?You‘dbetterfindmetheexactpageswhereIcanfindwhatIwant.Nora:Youcouldborrowideasfromreferences,butifyouquotewithoutgivingthesources,you‘replagiarizing.Chris:Thequiznextweekwillbeaheadache.Ifyoudon‘thelpme,I‘llhavetopreparesomestudysheetsandhidetheminmyhandwhenItakethetest.Nora:Oh,no!Ifyou‘recaught,theprofessorwilldefinitelygiveyouanF.Probably,youwillhavetorepeattheyear.Chris:Allright,I‘lltakeyouradvice.Thelibraryisgoingtobemynewhome,andinthedormI‘llbeburningthemidnightoil.
NowYourTurnSAMPLEDIALOG
A:We‘regoingtohaveatest,andIalsohaveatermpapertofinish.ButIhaven‘tdoneathing.I‘mreallyworriednow.B:You‘regoingtohavetohavetohitthebooksifyouwanttogetgoodgrades.A:ButthiscourseissodifficultthatIalreadydon‘tunderstanditatall.B:Wecouldworktogether.Maybesomeofmyorganizedstudyhabitcanhelpyou.A:Betteryet,maybeyoucouldwriteatermpaperforme.B:Forgetit!Thatwouldbecheating.A:Allright,allright.Ihaveyettowriteitmyself.MaybeIcandownloadsomearticlesfromtheInternetandpiecethemtogether.B:Youcouldborrowideasfromthosearticles,butifyouquotewithoutgivingthesources,you‘replagiarizing.A:Also,

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thetestnextweekwillbeaheadache.Ifyoudon‘thelpme,I‘llhavetoprepareacheat-sheetandhideitinmyhandduringthetest.B:Oh,no!Ifyou‘recaught,theprofessorwilldefinitelygiveyouanF.A:I‘lltrytobecareful.B:Butiftheprofessorcatchesyou,you‘llhavetorepeattheyear.You‘rejustgoingtohavetostudyhard.A:Ok,I‘lltakeyouradvice.Thelibrary‘sgoingtobemynewhome,andinthedormI‘llbeburningthemidnightoil.
MODEL2
Whichclassdoyouprefer?Script
Chris:FirstperiodismathwithMr.Woods.Idon‘tknowhowamIgoingtostayawake?Nora:IlikeMr.Wood.He‘sinteresting.Chris:He‘sboring!Hecouldputtheentirebasketballteamtosleep—duringthechampionshipgame!Whodoyouhaveforeconomics?Nora:Mrs.Jenkins.She‘ssmart.Studentsreallylearnalotfromher.Chris:She‘stough!Youhavetoworkhardinherclass,oryou‘llprobablyfail.Nora:Nopain,nogain.Chris:Nonsense,YoucouldhavelearnedevenmorewithMr.Sharp.Butnotmanystudentsoptforhisclass.Nora:What‘swrongwithhim?Chris:Often,thehighestgradehegivesonatermpaperisC+,andheusuallyfailshalfofthestudents.Nora:Nowonderhe‘sgotthenicknameMr.Shark.Well,howaboutPE?Whatareyoudoingthissemester?Chris:That‘stheworstpart.InPE,we‘relearningt‘aichi.I‘mboredtodeath.Nora:Ha-ha!Nottorubsaltintothewound,butourclassisplayingyourfavoritesport:basketball.Chris:Oh…thatfigures!Thisisgoingtobeaterriblesemester.Nora:Thisisgoingtobeagreatsemester!
NowYourTurnSAMPLEDIALOG
A:Thehistoryclassisreallyboring.HowamIgoingtostayawake?B:Ilikethehistoryteacher.She‘sknowledgeable.Shetoldusalotofinterestinghistoricaleventsinclass.A:BurIfindherboring!Shecouldputtheentirebasketballteamtosleep—du

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ringthechampionshipgame!Whichclassdoyoufinddull?B:Ihatetheeconomicscourse.Theteacheralwaystalksabovemyhead.SoI‘velostinterestinthecourse.A:Bureconomicismyfavorite.Theprofessorissmart.Moststudentsreallylearnalotfromhim.B:Buthe‘stough!Heexpectsalot.Youhavetoworkhardinhisclass,oryou‘llprobablyfail.A:Nopain,nogain.B:Actuallynotmanystudentsoptforhisclass.A:What‘swrongwithhim?B:OftenthehighestgradehegivesonatermpaperisB-.Lastseme4stwehefailedmorethanathirdofthestudentsandIwasoneofthem.A:Oh,that‘stoobad.
B:Well,howdoyoufindyourEnglishteacher?Idon‘tthinkmuchofher,either.A:Ifindherkind,alwayswillingtoanswermyquestions;shealwaysgivesmehighmarks.B:You‘rerubbingsaltintomywound.Shefailedmelastsemester.
MODEL3ScriptChris:
Publishorperish
Tellus,ProfessorGrant,Whatareyourprimarydutiesasaprofessor?ProfessorGrant:Well,Idoalotofresearchandwriting.It‘sroughbeinganassociateprofessor.It‘spublishorperish.Chris:Soyouspentalotoftimeinyouroffice?ProfessorGrant:Yes,butIalsohavetoprepareclassmotes,givelectures,holdofficehours.Teachingisanimportantpartofbeingaprofessor.Chris:Withallthoseresponsibilities,youmustmakealotofmoney.ProfessorGrant:Iwish.Actually,Ispendalotoftomeapplyingfoegrantstofundmyresearch.ThenIcanofferassistantshipsandscholarshipstotheworthygraduate.Chris:Iseewhytheycallyou―theboss‖.Butbeingaprofessorsoundsprettycompetitive.ProfessorGrant:Actually,Ithinkyouwereinoneofmyclasses…Chris:Um….Ithinkyou‘remistaken,ProfessorGrant!ProfessorGrant:No,Irememberveryclearlynow!Youowemeanessay!Chris:Sorry,IhavetoomuchworktodofortheStudentU
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nionNewsletter,andIhavetoworktwojobstopayforschool.ProfessorGrant:SoyougetanFinthiscourse.
NowYourTurnSAMPLEDIALOG
A:ProfessorSmith,I‘mfromtheStudentUnionnewspaper.Manystudentswantto
knowawesternprofessor‘smaindutiesandcomparethemwithaChineseprofessor‘sduties.B:Well,Idoalotofresearchandwriting.It‘stoughtobeaprofessor.A:Chineseprofessorarealsofacingincreasingpressure,astheyarerequiredtodomoreresearchthanbefore.ProfessorSmith,doyouspendallotoftimeonteaching?B:Yes,Ihavetoprepareclassnotes,givelectures,hostseminar,andholdofficehours.Infact,teachingisanimportantpartofbeingaprofessor,thoughsomeprofessorsbelievethatresearchismoreimportantthanteaching.A:Withallthoseresponsibilities,youmustmakealotofmoney,Isuppose.B:Iwish.Salaryisasensitivetopicinthewest.Letmesaysomethingaboutresearchfunds.ActuallyIspendalotoftimeapplyingforgrantstofundmyresearch.A:Howareyougoingtousethegrants?B:Withthatmoney,Icanofferassistantshipsandscholarshiptograduatestudentswhocanhelpwithmyresearchproject.A:NowIseewhytheycallyou―boss‖.Butbeingaprofessorsoundsprettycompetitive.B:That‘strue.Alotofyoungteacherswanttobepromotedtoaprofessorship.A:Whatyousaidhasgivenusafairlyclearpictureofawesternprofessor‘sprimaryresponsibilities.Thankyouverymuchforyourtime.B:You‘rewelcome
V.Let’sTalkScriptandkey
Interviewee:It'sareallydifficultbalancetostrike,actuallymaintainingthequalitybutmakingsureasmanyyoungpeopleaspossibleandolderpeopleaswell--there'sbeenasurgeinthenumberofover25saplying,andwetakemanypeoplewhoareover25.Butwe'vegottogetthatbalanceright.It'sgoingtobeterrib

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lydifficultforusnextyear.Hostess:Giventhecutsthatthegovernmentannouncedacoupleofweeksago,andthenumbersthatweknowintermsofapplication,whereareyougoingtodrawthatline?Areyougoingtohavetolookatcuttingintakeinordertomaintainthequalityofthecourses?Interviewee:We'retryingnottocuttheintakeatthemoment.Butwhatitmeansiswearegoingtohavetobeextra-cautiousinthenumberofofferswemake,becausewesimplycannotaffordtogooverourquotaofthenumberof
placesthatwecanoffer.Becauseifwedo,itmeansthatwecouldbefined,orwejustsimplyhaven'tgotenoughmoneytomakesurethestudents'experienceisright.Soitmeansthatmaybelastyearwewouldallowafewmorepeopletohaveanoffer.Thisyearisgoingtobetougher.Hostess:Doyoulaysomeoftheblameforthesituationatthedoorofthegovernment?Interviewee:IfyoulooktoFrance,Sarkozyisactuallyincreasingthebudgetforhighereducation.ObamaintheU.S.hasdonethesamething.Sowearejustslightlypuzzledastowhythegovernmentseemstobecuttingbackonhighereducationratherthanpumpingmoremoneyintowhatwethinkisaservicethatisabsolutelyvitalfortheeconomy.
VI.
FurtherListeningandSpeaking
Task1:ProblemswithoureducationalsystemScript
Hi,everybody.Mytopictodayis―ProblemswithOurEducationalSystem‖.TherearealotofthingsinoureducationalsystemthatIdon‘tagreewith.Itseemsthateducatorsjustwanttogivestandardizedtests,whichfocusonlyonacademicperformancebutneglectstudents‘abilitiesandinterestsinotherareas.Ithinkthere‘realotofpeoplewhoareveryintelligent,buthaven‘thadtheopportunitiestheycould‘vehad,hadtheybeeneducatedinabroader-mindededucationalsystems.Ifeelthatalotofcoursesthatstudentsarefocusedtotakeinhighschoolaretooacademic,an

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d,asaresult,manykidslosttheirinterestinlearning.Educatorshavefailedtorecognizevariouskindsofintelligence.Theyoftenexertalotofpressureonstudentstobeaswell-roundedaspossible.Ithinkbeingwell-roundedisn‘treallypossible.Andasaconsequencesomestudentswhoarebelievedtobeintelligentcan‘tgetintogoodcollegesifthey,forexample,haven‘tscoredwellonthemathsection,eveniftheyatebrilliantwriters.Anotherthingthatdisturbsmeisthattheso-called―weakstudents‖areseparatedfromtherestoftheschool.Somekidsarekeptinaseparateclassidtheirgradesarelowerthenothers.Andthey‘veveryawareoftheirsocialposition,youknow.Ithinkitcausesthemtoactinawaythatisnotreallypositive.They‘rejustactinginawaythattheyareexpectedtoact.Oftentheirgradesgofrombadtoworse.Andthat‘sprettysadtome.Ithinkthatmanyofthekidsinthoseclassedareintelligent,butneveractuallyrealizetheirpotentialbecauseofthewaytheyaretreatedveryearlyonintheireducation.ProblemsResultsEducatorsjustwanttogivestandardizedKidsloseinterestinlearning.tests.Theyonlyfocusonacademicperformancebutneglectstudents‘abilitiesandinterestsinotherareas.
EducatorsoftenexertalotofpressureonSomeintelligentkidscan‘tentergoodstudentstobeaswell-roundedascolleges.possible.―Weak‖studentsareseparatedfromtheTheirgradesgofrombadtoworse.restoftheschool.
Task2:TheFinalExamScript
Atauniversity,therewerefoursophomorestakingachemistrycourse.Theyweredoingsowellonallthequizzes,midterms,labs,thateachhad―A‖sofarforthesemester.Thesefourfriendsweresoconfidentthatontheweekendbeforefinals,theydecidedtogouptotheUniversityofVirginiaandpartywithsomefriendsthere.Theyhadagreattime,butafteralltheheartypartying,theysleptalldaySundayanddidn‘tmakeitbacktoschoolunti

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learlyMondaymorning.Ratherthantakingthefinalthen,theydecidedtofindtheirprofessorafterthefinalexamandexplaintohimwhytheymissedit.Theyexplainedthattheyhadplannedtocomebackintimeforthefinalexam,but,unfortunately,theyhadaflattireonthewayback,didn‘thaveaspare,andcouldn‘tgethelpforalongtime.Asaresult,theymissedthefinal.Theprofessorthoughtitoverandthenagreedtheycouldmakeupthefinalthefollowingday.Theguyswererelievedandelated.Thenextday,theprofessorplacedtheminseparateroom,handeachofthematestbooklet,andtoldthemtobegin.Theytookatthefirstproblem,worthfivepoints.Itwasasimplequestiononachemicalreaction.―Cool,‖theythoughtatthesametime,eachoneinhisseparateroom,―Thisisgoingtobeeasy.‖Eachfinishedtheproblemandthenturnedthepage.Onthesecondpagewasaquestionworth95points:―Whichofthetireswasflat?‖
Task3:HarvardUniversityScript
HarvardUniversityistheoldestinstituteofhighestlearninginherUnitedStates.Founded16yearsafterthearrivalofthePilgrimatPlymouth,theuniversityhasgrownfrom9studentswithasinglemastertothepresentenrollmentofmorethan18,000students,includingundergraduatesandstudentsin10graduateandprofessorschools.Over14,000peopleworkatHarvard,includingmorethan2,000faculties.HarvardhasproducessixpresidentsoftheUnitedStatesand34Noelwinners.Duringitsearlyyears,HarvardofferedaclassicacademiccoursebasedonthemodelofEnglishuniversities,butconsistentwiththeprevailingPuritanphilosophy.AlthoughmanyofitsgraduatesbecameministersinPuritanchurchthroughoutNewEngland,theuniversityneverformallyaffiliatedwithaspecificreligiousgroup.UnderPresidentPusey(1953-1971,Harvardstartedwhatwasthenthelargestfund-raisingcampaigninthehistoryofAmericanhighereducation.Itwasan82.5milliondollarprogramfortheuniversity.Theprogramincreasedfac

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ultysalaries,broadenedstudentaid,creatednewprofessorships,andexpandedHarvard‘sphysicalfacilities.NeilL.RudenstinetookofficeasHarvard‘s26thpresidentin1001.Aspartofanoverallefforttoachievegreatercoordinationamongtheuniversity‘sschoolandfaculties,RudenstineencouragedacademicplanningandidentifiedsomeofHarvard‘smainintellectualpriorities.Healsostressedtheimportantoftheuniversity‘sexcellenceinundergraduateeducation,thesignificanceofkeepingHarvard‘sdoorsopentostudentsfromfamiliesofdifferenteconomicbackgrounds,thetaskofasapingtheresearchuniversitytoaneraofbothrapidinformationgrowthandseriousfundshortage.1.Whatismainideaofthepassage?2.HowmanyteachersdidHarvardhaveattheverybeginning?3.WhatwastheralationshipbetweenHarvardUniversityandreligionduringitsearlyyears?4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasanachievementofPresidentPusey‘sfund-raisingprogram?5.WhatdidPresidentRudenstinedo?
Keys:1.B2.A3.C4.D5.D
ViewingandspeakingUniversitybudgetcutsScript
Host:Well,DavidLammy,theUniversityMinister,joinsusfromWestminster.Nowthanksforjoiningusthislunchtime,Mr.Lammy.Howdothesecuts...tieinwithyourmuchtrumptedcommitmenttoincreasinghighereducation?
Interviewee:Well,Ithinkit'simportanttoremindviewsthatwewillspengwellover12billionpoundsonhighereducationthisyearandtosaythattherewillbemorestudentsatuniversitynextyearthaneverbeforeinourhistory.Butwhatisimportantisthatwhentheygettouniversity,isthattheyhavegoodfacilities,goodbuildings,thattheyhavegoodcontactwiththeirlecturersand,forstudentsfrompoorerbackgroundsthattheyreceiveagrant.Andyouknow40%ofstudentswhoaregoingtouniversityareinreceiptofsomegrants.Sowehavetoplan...Host:Butthere'sgoingtobelessmoneynextyear.That'sthebottomline,isn'tit?Interviewee:Er,weareaskinguniversitiestomakeaoneper

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centcutintheirteachinggrant.That's51millionoutofatotalbudgetofover5billion.Look,IthinktherearefamiliesacrossthecountrypreparingforChristmasspendingalitlessandtheyare,youknow,it'salotmorethanonepercentthatthey're,they'refeeling.SoIthinkthisisreasonabletoaskuniversitiesifwearetoensurethatwecancontinuetosendmoreyoungpeopletouniversityandweremaincommittedtothat.Host:Andbriefly,whataboutthesetwo-yeardegrees?Thisisareductioninstandards,isn'tit?Interviewee:Well,we,we,we...It'simportantinthiscountrythatwerememberthatstudentsaren'tjusttheclassic18-to-21-year-oldundergraduates.Wewantmaturestudents.Wewantmoreparttimestudentsandoverthelastfewyearswe'vebeengrowingthenumberoffoundationdegree,two-yeardegreesthatensurethattransitionintohighuniversityandhighlevelskills.That'swhatwewanttosupportandthat'swhatweareindicatinginthegrantletterthatwe'vesenttouniversitiesoverthelastfewdays.Host:OK.DavidLammy,thankyousomuchforjoiningus.Interviewee:Thankyou.
Uint2Ourglobeisindanger!II.BasicListeningPractice1.Script
M:Nowwehavesatelliteandhigh-poweredmicroscope,it‘seasytothinkweknoweverythingabouttheworld;butwestilldon‘tunderstandEINino.W:Right.ScientistsallovertheworldoverareevenuncertainaboutthecauseofthewarmPacificcurrentthatbringsstormsordrought—themysteriousEINino.Q:Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtotheconversation?
2.Script
M:Everyoneistalkingaboutenvironmentalproblem:acidrain,thegreenhouseeffect,holesintheozonelayer.Weshouldthinkpositively.Whatcanwedotoimprovethings?W:Iagree.Wecoulddoalotmoretoharnessthesun‘senergyforheatingandlightinginourhomes.InJapan43,000solarroofswereinstalledi

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n2002.Q:Howdothemanandthewomanviewtheenvironment?
3.Script
W:WelivedinBeijingsomeyearsago.Itwasalwaysdifficulttokeepthehousecleanwithwindfromthenorthblowingsandfromthedesertatus.M:That‘swhytheChinesegovernmenthasbeenencouragingpeopletoplanttreesalongtheedgesoftheGobiDesert.Nowthosetreesactaswindbarriers.Q:Whatdidthegovernmentencouragepeopletodo?
4.Script
M:ManyoldrefrigeratorsandcarsareenvironmentalhazardsbecausetheycontainCFCsthatdestroytheozonelayer.W:Yes,butgovernmentororganizationsarehelpingpeopletosafelydisposeofoldrefrigeratorsor,inthecaseofcars,toupgradetheirairconditioning.Q:Whataregovernmentdepartmentshelpingpeopletodo?
5.Script
M:Hey,that‘sanaerosolsprayyou‘reusingonyourhair!Buildabomborsetfiretotheapartmenttokillusquicklyinsteadofmakingholesintheozone,sowedieofcancer.W:Coolit,man.Thisspraydoesn‘tcontainCFCs.Andyou‘dbetterreadalittlemore.In2003theholeintheozonelayershrankby20percent,sothere‘snoreasontopanic.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?Keys:1.B2.D3.A4.A5.C
III.ListeningInTask1:Weshouldhaveproperrespectfornature!
Script
Martha:Doyouthinkmostpeopleinyourculturerespectnature?Ed:Ithinkso.Umm…morenowthanbefore.Martha:Whatdoyouthinkisthemostseriousenvironmentproblemintheworldtoday?Ed:Today…Ithinkdamagetotheozonelayerisabigproblem;andanotherproblemispollutioninbigcitiesandthingslikethat.

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Martha:Howdoyoulearnaboutenvironmentalproblems?Ed:Umm…throughschool.Alotofclubspromoteenvironmentalsafely,andsomeTVprograms,too.Theytalkaboutenvironmentalsafelyandstufflikethat.Martha:Doyouthinkstudentsshouldlearnmoreabouttheenvironmentatschool?Ed:Ithinkso.So,astheygrowolder,theycanbemoreawareofalltheproblemsthataregoingon.Andalsotopreventmoreproblemsfromoccurring.Martha:Ifyoucouldcreateanewlawtohelptheenvironment,whatwoulditbe?Ed:Anewlawfortheenvironment?Umm…I‘dprobablysaythatwhenpeoplethrowawaytheircigarettebutts,theyhavetothrowthemintothegarbagebin,notjustthrowthemeverywherebecauseit‘sjustlitteringandIhatethat.Sotheyshouldbefinediftheythrowthemonthefloorontheground.Martha:That‘sagoodidea.Whatdoyoupersonallydotohelpprotecttheenvironment?Ed:I‘msoagainstlittering.Ineverlitter.IfIseesomebodylitter,Igetreallyangry.SoIalwaysthrowmytrashintothegarbagebin.
WhilebeinginterviewedbyMartha,Edsaidmorepeopleinhisculturerespectnatureeverbefore.Whenaskedaboutthemostseriousenvironmentalproblemintheworldtoday,hementionedthedamagedozonelayerandthepollutioninbigcities.Edlearnedaboutenvironmentalproblematschool.AlotofclubsandsomeTVprogramspromoteenvironmentalsafely.Hebelievesthatstudentsshouldlearnmoreabouttheenvironmentatschool.Thentheycanbemoreawareofalltheproblemsandpreventmoreproblemsfromoccurring.Whenaskedaboutanewlawhewouldliketocreatetohelptheenvironment,hesaidthatwhenpeoplethrowawaytheircigarettebutts,theyhavetothrowtheminthegarbagebin.Theyshouldbefinediftheythrowthemonthefloor.Personally,Edissosetagainstlitteringthatheneverlitters.Healwaysthrowshistrashintothegarbagebin.
Task2:RiverpollutionScript

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Ifyouseedeadfishfloatingontheriverornoticethatthewatersidiscoloredandsmelly,youknowtheriverhasbeenpolluted,andtherearefourmainpossiblecausesforit.First,fertilizer.Iflargeamountsoffertilizerorfarmwastedrainintoariver,theconcentrationsofnitrateandphosphateinthewaterincreaseconsiderably.Algaeuse
thesesubstancestogrowrapidly,turningthewatergreen.Thismassivegrowthofalgaeleadstopollution.Whenthealgaedie,theyarebrokendownbytheactionofthebacteria,whichquicklymultiply,usingupalltheoxygeninthewaterandthereforecausingthedeathoffish.Second,industrialwaste.Factoriessometimesdischargechemicalwasteintorivers.Examplesofsuchpollutantsincludecyanide,lead,copper,andmercury.Thesesubstancesmayenterthewaterinsuchhighconcentrationsthatfishandotheranimalsarekilledimmediately.Sometimesthepollutantsenterthefoodchainandaccumulateuntiltheyreachtoxiclevels,eventuallykillingfishandotheranimals.Third,oilpollution.Ifoilentersaslow-movingriver,itformsarainbow-coloredfilmovertheentiresurface,preventingoxygenfromenteringthewater.Fourth,warmwater.Industryoftnuseswaterforcoolingprocesses,sometimesdischarginglargequantitiesofwarmwaterbackintorivers.Ahighertemperatureofwaterlowersthelevelofdissolvedoxygenandupsetsthebalanceoflifeinwater.Questionsandkey1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
2.Whydoestheriverwaterturngreen?3.Whatharmdoesindustrialwastecause?4.Whichofthefollowingistrueofoilpollution?5.Whatharmcanwarmwaterinariverbring?
DABCD
Task3:CurbingcarbonemissionsScript
Althoughitisnotaneasytask,ChinsisstrivingtofulfillthepromisetocutitscarbondioxideemissionsperunitofGDPby40to45percentinthenext10years.ZhangGuobao,Directorof

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theNationalEnergyAdministration,said,"Thegovernmentputsgreatemphasisonseekingharmoniousdevelopmentbetweencitiesandtheenvironment,andisreadjustingtheenergystructurebygivingprioritytothedevelopmentofcleanandlow-carbonenergies,includinghydroelectric,nuclear,windandsolarpower."Governmentauthoritieshaveclosedsmall,coal-firedplantswithatotalcapacityof60.06millionkilowattsinthepastfouryears.Thisyear'stargetofclosing10millionkilowattsofcapacitywillbeachievedbyAugust.
"Wehavepromisedtotheinterntionalcommunitythat15percentofourpowerwillbegeneratedfromnon-fossilsourcesby2020,"DirectorZhangsaid.Atpresent,non-fossilenergyaccountsforonly7.8percent.Chinaismakingeffortstoincreasetheproportionofcleanenergyinitstotalenergyconsumption.StatistiticsshowthatChinainvestedUS$34.6billionincleanenergylastyear,exceedingtheUnitedStateswhichinvestedUS$18.6billion.Thus,Chinahasbecometheworldleaderingeneratingcleanenergy.Fiveyearsearlier,China'sinvestmentincleanenergywasonlyUS$2.5billion.However,China'scarbonemissionreductiontargetcann'tbeachievedeasily.Theshifttoalow-carconeconomymightbemetatacosttosociety.Forinstance,morethan400,000peoplewerelaidoffasaresultoftheshutdownofsmallcoal-firedpowerplantsinthepastfouryears.ManystudiesindicatethattheefforttocurbgreenhousegasemissionsmaydelayChina'sdevelopment,affectpeople'sincome,andleadtounemployment.Questionsandkey1.Whatisthepasagemainlyabout?2.FromfouryearsagountiAugustthisyear,howmanykilowattsofcoal-firedplantcapacitywillhavebeenclosed?3.By2020,whatwillbetheprpportionofnon-fossilenergyinthetotalpowerinChina?4.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheinvestmentbyChinaandtheUnitedStatesincleanenergylastyear?5.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthepassageasaproblemarisingfromcurbinggreenhousegasemissions?Kes:1D2.D3.A4.B5.C

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IV.SpeakingOut
MODEL1Ourglobeisindanger
John:HowisyourGrandmagettingalongduringthisusuallyhotweather?Nora:Overthelastfewyears,Grannyhasbeencomplainingthatthehot,humidweatheriskillingher.Shebelievestheweatherhaschanged.John:Whatshemeansistheclimate‘slong-termconditions;weatherrefersonlytoday-to-dayconditions.Nora:Yeah,shesayssummerishotter,andwinterwetter.ButItriedtocomforther,saying,―It‘sallinyourmind,Granny.‖John:She‘sright,youknow.Thegreenhouseeffectdoesbringglobalwarmingandrain.Nora:HowcanIexplainglobalwarmingandgreenhousegasestoa97-year-oldGranny?John:Tellhertheearthnowislikearealgreenhousemadeofglasspanelsthatletinlightandtrapheat.Nora:Thinkshe‘llwanttoknowthatcarbonmonoxidefromearthmakesgreenhouse
gases?John:Everybodyshouldknowwhatcauseglobalwarming;otherwisewewon‘tstopit.Nora:I‘lltellGrannynottoburnanymorewoodorcoal,ortousesprayonthehair.John:OK,jokeaboutit,butitwon‘tbesofunnywhenthepolaricecapsmeltandoceansrise.
NowYourTurnSAMPLEDIALOG
A:Howareyougettingalongduringthisusuallyhotweather?B:Notwellatall.Overthelastfewweeksthehot,humidweatheriskillingme.Ibelievetheclimatehaschanged.A:Yeah,thesummerishotter,andwinterwetter.B:Doyouknowwhyallthishashappened?A:Thegreenhouseeffectsbringglobalwarmingandrain.B:Whatdoyoumeanbygreenhouseeffects?A:Theearthisnowlikearealgreenhousemadeofglasspanelsthatletlightinandtrapheat.Youknow,carbonmonoxidefromearthisagreenhousegas.B:Isee.Everybodyshouldknowwhatcauseglobalwarming;otherwisewewon‘tstopit.A:Theimportantthingisthathumanbeingsshouldtakestepstoreduceglobalwarming.B:Whatcanwedothen?Perhapsweshouldnotburnanymo

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rewoodorcoal.A:Right.AlsoweshouldtrytoproducelessCFCsorFreon.B:Howcanweachievethat?A:Don‘tuseaerosolsprayonyourhair,anddependlessonair-conditionersandrefrigerators..B:Butit‘shardtogiveupallthis.A:Butwemusttakeactionbeforepolaricecapsmeltandoceansrise.
MODEL2Rainforestswillsoonbeonlyamemory.ScriptSusan:Hey,Chris,thereisanenvironmentalgrouponcampusaskingfordonations
tosavetherainforests.Chris:Sowhat?Susan:Sowhat?!Don‘tyouwanttosavetherainforests?Chris:Butthere‘renorainforestsinourcountry.Theyneedhot,tropicalclimates.Susan:Comeon.Arainforestisanyforestwhereheavyrainfallleadstodensevegetation.Tropicalrainforestscanbefoundinhoe,tropicalareas,buttherearealsocoolrainforests,includingoneinsoutheastAlaska.Chris:Howdidyouknowthat?Susan:Well,I‘vejustreadabookonrainforests.Youknow,140nillionpeopleliveintheworld‘srainforests,and35percentoftheworld‘splantandanimalspeciesexistonlyinrainforests.Chris:Wow,I‘mimpressed.Sowhatelsehaveyoulearned?Susan:Mostoftheworld‘srainforestsareindangerofdestructionbyloggers,farmersanddevelopers.Theyaredisappearingatarateof1000acresaminute!Chris:It‘sterrible!Susan:Yeah,we‘vegottofindawaytosavethem.Nowwouldyouliketogiveadonation?Chris:Sure.
NowYourTurnSAMPLEDIALOG
A:Mostoftheworld‘srainforestsareindangerofdestructionbyloggers,farmersanddevelopers.Theyaredisappearingatarateof100acresaminute!B:Whatatragedy!,Manyoftheworld‘splantandanimalspeciesexistonlyinrainforests.A:Wereallyneedtosavethebeautifulforests.B:Yeah,we‘vegottofindawaytosavethem.A:Doyouknowourmayorismakingacalltoplanttrees?B:Yeah,wedohavetoplantmoretrees.IhearChinadoesn‘thavealotofforestscomparedwithmanycountries.A:That‘strue.I‘vejustreadanarticleaboutafforestation.C

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hina‘sforestcoverageratewas18.21percentlastyea,rankingonly130thintheworld.B:Nowonderwehavetoplatmoretrees.A:Don‘tloseheart.Progresshasbeenremarkable.In2000theratewasjust16.55percent.B:Anyothergoodnews?A:Chinahassteppedupitstree-plantingefforts.Nowit‘stheworld‘sNo.1planteroftrees.B:Wow,I‘mimpressed.
MODEL3Script
Whataterriblesandstorm!
Susan:Hey,John.You‘reback.Afewdaysago,abigsandstormhitourcityJohn:Oh,that‘sbad.Susan:Theairwasfullofdirtandsandanddust.Ihadtowearascarfaroundmyhead.John:Thedust,asIknow,comesfromMongolia.Andfrommyreadinginscience,I‘veheardthedustoftencomesafteralongperiodofdrought.Susan:Thisisaseriousprobleminmanypartsoftheworld,andunfortunatelyourcityisoneofthem.John:Andifthedroughtcontinues,thesoiliseasilyairborne.Andthenifthewindcomes,thesoilcanbelifteduponthecoldarethatrisesup,anditcantravelverylongdistances.Susan:Normally,whenthere‘sawind,itcancleartheair,andyouhavebeautifulweather.Butwhenthedustisbroughtinwiththewind,thenyoucan‘tbreathe,youcan‘tseewell,andit‘sdangerousfordriving,orforwalking.John:Yeah.Youknow,whenthedustisliftedupitcangoashigh3,000meters.Andit‘snotjustChinathathasproblems,butmanyothercountries.Forexample,themiddleofAustraliasometimeshasduststorms,andsomeofthedustgoesupveryhigh,goesacrosstheocean,andfallsdownonNewZealand.Susan:Notaveryniceneighbor.John:Isthereasolutiontotheproblem?Susan:Weneedtoplantmoretreesandgrasssothatthesoilcanstaywhereitis.John:Nowonderthegovernmentislaunchinganewafforestationprograminabidtaddresstheenvironmentalproblem.
NowYourTurnSAMPLEDIALOG

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A:I‘msogladtobebackhome,again.Oh,whataclearbluesky!B:Yes,thewindhasclearedtheair.Ihopeyoustillrememberthesituationacoupleofyearsage;thatis,whenyouwerehere.Eachspringabigsandstormstruckourcity.A:Oh,thatwasbad.Thatairwasfilledwithsandanddust.Ihadtowearascarfaroundmyhead.B:Ihadtocovermymouthandnosewithahandkerchief.Andfacialmakessoldwell.Thedustcamefromthenorth,anditoftenroseafteralongdryspell.A:Ifthedroughtcontinued,thesoilwaseasilyairborne.Andwhenthewindcame,
thesoilwassweptuponthecoldair,anditcouldtravelverylongdistances.B:Whenthedustwasbroughtinwiththewind,wecouldhardlybreathe,wecouldn‘tseewell,anditwasdangerousfordriving.A:Howdidyourtownsolvetheproblem?B:Notonlyourtown.Infact,peopleinthewholeprovinceplantedalotoftreesandgrasssothatthesoilwouldstaywhereitis.A:Isee.Thegovernmentlaunchedanafforestationprojecttodealwiththesandstorm.Thegreenshelterbeltisplayingarole.
V.Let’sTalkDiappointmentoverclimatenegotiationsScript
Man1:Well,it'saspirationallanguagewhichisniceandlovelyandfluffy,butdoesn'treallyactuallycommitanyonetoanything,andsoit'sreallyhardtotaketothebank.Imean,people'slivesareonthelineinthedevelopingworldwhereweareseeingtheimpactsfeltfirstandforemost.Andobviouslytheatmopheresimplycan'ttakethekindofemissionswehavebeenseeinginthebusiness-as-usualscenarioandthere'snorealcommitmenttochangethat.There'snorealcommitmenttoputseriousmoneyonthetableandthat'sabigproblem.(On-screentext:WindFarmThisisagreatphotoopforalltheworldleaders,butifit'snotbackedbyaction,itreallydoesn'tmeanmuchattheendoftheday.Man2:What'sinthereisverydisappointing.Itdoesnotconsititutea...adeal.It'sahollowshellthatwillneedtobefilledin,an

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dithassomenumbers,ittalksabouttryingtoavoidtwodegrees.That'sthesamelanguagethattheG8usedlastJuly.Butitlacksanythingonemissionscutsasyetthatwouldguaranteethatwe'reactuallyonthe,ontracktogetthere.Andthefinancingcommitments...thereisamentionofa100-billion-dollarfigureandtheattempttoraiseormobilisethatlevelofresources,butthere'snoguaranteethattherewillbenewmoney,thatthemoneywillbereal,thatthere'sactuallyacommitmenttogetthere,orthatitwillbechanneledinnewways,asyet.1b2a3h4d5g6e7c8f
DebateSAMPLE
A:Inmyopinion,wemustgiveprioritytoeconomicgrowth.AtpresentChina‘seconomyisnotstrongenough,andtheper-capitaGDPismuchsmallerthanthoseofadvancedcountries.B:Ibegtodiffer.Comparedwith30yearsago,theChineseeconomyhasdevelopedagreatdeal,andatthesametimeithasproducedalotofpollution.Itishightimewegaveenvironmentalconservationserousconsideration.A:Itseemstomethatit‘smoreurgentforustoimprovepeople‘slife.Ifwedon‘tboostoureconomy,wecan‘traisethelivingstandards..B:I‘dliketodrawyourattentiontothefactthatenvironmentalproblemsarealreadyaffectingpeople‘slives.Didn‘tyouhearthatthepoisonoussubstancesfactoriesdumpintoriversarekillingfishandcausingcanceramongpeople?A:Well,youhaveapointthere,butweshouldbeawarethataneconomicallybackwardnationisalsomilitarilyweak,andthereforeittendstobebulliedbystrongercountries.B:IfChinawantstofollowthetrendtowardeconomicglobalization,ithastomeettheinternationalenvironmentalcriteria.Evenifyoucanmakealotofproducts,theycan‘tbeexportediftheyareenvironmentallyunfriendly.A:OK,peoplewe‘dbettercombineoutpointofviewandstrikeabalancebetweeneconomicgrowthandenvironmentalconservation.B:Thatcertainlymakessense.Whatwen

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eedissustainabledevelopment.A:Toachievethisgoal,wehavetoburnlesscoal,petroleumandwoodbecausetheycan‘tereproducedeasily.B:Righton,wecanrelymoreonsolarenergy.Wecanalsomakemoreuseofwaterpowerifthedamswebuilddon‘tpresentgreatenvironmentalhazards.A:Also,weshouldnotbuildsomanyroadsbecausetheyoccupysomuchfarmland.B:Yeah,weshouldturnmoretowatertransportation.Bytransportingmorecargoalongriversandthecoast,wecaneasetheburdenonhighwaytransportation.
VI.FurtherListeningandSpeaking
Task1:TheenvironmentandthedevelopmentScript
Li:HiProfessorWang,I‘mLiLin,acorrespondentfromtheUniversityNewspaper.Thestaffandstudentsherearegettingmoreandmoreinterestedintherelationshipbetweentheenvironmentanddevelopment.Whatdoyouthinkisthemostseriousenvironmentalproblematpresent?Whatmeasuresshould
weadopttoimprovetheenvironmentanddeveloptheeconomyatthesametime?Wang:Therearemanyenvironmentalproblems:airpollution,waterpollution,desertification,over-fishing,destructionofnaturalhabitats,acidtrain,over-consumptionofwildanimalsandplants,etc.Butlyingatthecenterofallthoseproblems,asIseeit,isthecontradictionbetweeneconomicgrowthandtheenvironment.SincetheUnitedNationsEarthSummitin1992,moreandmorepeopleandgovernmentshaveadoptedanewidea;thatis,―sustainabledevelopment‖.Thismeanstoday‘seconomicgrowthshouldnotwipeoutheresourcesandoptionsforfuturegenerations.Planninganddevelopmentshouldensurenotonlyeconomicgrowth,butalsosocialadvancementandenvironmenthealth.Inotherwords,someeconomicbehaviormustberestrictedorcontrolled.Instillingprinciplesofdevelopmentintogovernmentplanning,resourcemanagementandeconomicpolicyisthemostimportantstepChinacouldtaketosolveitsenvironmentalproblems.Chinahasalreadytakensomeremarkablestepstoreducedamag

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etotheenvironment.Forinstance,followingthehugefloodsof1998,thegovernmentbannedloggingintheupperreachesoftheYangtzeRiverinordertoprotectforestsandreducetheriskoffloods.Still,thebasiccontradictionbetweenenvironmentanddevelopmentpersists.Muchworkistobedonebeforewecanachievetheaimofabalancebetweeneconomicgrowthandtheenvironment.airpollution,waterpollution,desertification,over-fishing,destructionofnaturalhabitats,acidtrain,over-consumptionofwildanimalsandplants,etc.thecontradictionbetweeneconomicgrowthandtheenvironment.sustainabledevelopment;itmeans:(1Today‘seconomicgrowthshouldnotwipeoutheresourcesandoptionsforfuturegenerations.(2Planninganddevelopmentshouldensurenotonlyeconomicgrowth,butalsosocialadvancementandenvironmenthealth.(3someeconomicbehaviormustberestrictedorcontrolledInstillprinciplesofsustainabledevelopmentintogovernmentplanning,resourcemanagementandeconomicpolicyChinahasalreadytakensomeremarkablestepstoreducedamagetotheenvironment.e.g.Followingthehugefloodsof1998,thegovernment
EnvironmentProblemsCentralproblemsANewIdea
WhatChinaCouldDoWhatChinaHasDoneTheAim
bannedloggingintheupperreachesoftheYangtzeRiverAbalancebetweeneconomicgrowthandtheenvironment.
Task2:ThickCloudofPollutionCoveringSouthernAsiaScript
AUnitedNationsstudysaysthatathickcloudofpollutioncoveringsouthernAsiathreatensthelivesofmillionsofpeople.Scientistssaythepollutioncouldincreaselungdiseaseandcauseearlydeaths.Thecloudisalsodamagingagricultureandaffectingrainfalllevels.IthasaffectedmanycountriesinsouthernAsia.Thep

24

ollutioncloudisthreekilometershigh.Scientistssayitcanmovehalfwayaroundtheworldinaweek.Thecloudistheresultofforestfires,theburningofagriculturalwaste,andhugeincreasesintheburningoffuelsbyvehicles,industriesandpowerstations.Pollutionfrommillionsofbadcookingstoveshsmadetheproblemworse.Manypoorpeopleburnoffuelswoodandanimalwasteinsuchstoves.ScientistssaythiscombinationcouldbechangingwinterrainfalllevelsinAsia.TheysayrainfallhasincreasedovertheeasterncoastofAsia.ButithasdroppedsharplyoverpartsofnorthwesternAsia.ThereportsaysthecloudcouldreducerainfallovernorthwesternPakistan,Afghanistan,andwesternChinabyuptofortypercent.Harmfulchemicalsfromthecloudaremixingwithrainfall.Thisacidraindamagescropsandtreesandthreatenspublichealth.ScientistsareconcernedthatthepollutionwillintensifyduringthenextthirtyyearsasthepopulationofAsiaincreasetoanEstimated5,000millionpeople.
6.Whatisthetrueofthecloudofpollution?7.WhatisNOTthecauseofthecloudofpollution?8.Whatdoesthecloudofpollutionbringabout?9.Whywillthepollutionintensifyinthenext30years,accordingtothepassage?10.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?Keys:1.D2.B3.A4.C5.C
Task3:Mountainregionsfaceanumberofdangers.DiggingaHole
Script
Mountainpeoplearoundtheworldareingreatdangerofthenegativeeffectsoftheworseningenvironment,accordingtoaUNreport.Asglobalwarminganddeforestationaccelerateandtechnologymakeswilderplacesmoreaccessible,environmentalandsocialpressuresontheworld‘sremotestregions
increases.TheUNhasfoundthatmanymountainousregions—inhabitedbyoneoutoffiveoftheworld‘speople—arebarelyrecognizablewhentheyarecomparedtowhattheyerelike60yearsago.Thisismostlybecauseforestswerecuttomakewayforc

25

attlegrazingandagriculture.TheauthorsoftheUNstudyexpect98percentofitsmountainareastoexperiencesevereclimatechangeby2055.Biologicallossesareexpectedtobeheavy.ThemountainsofEurope,partofCaliforniaandthenorthwestAndesinSouthAmericaareamongthemostthreatenedmountainareasintheworldandshouldbegivenpriorityinconservation.TheUNisanxioustoraiseawarenessoftheproblemfacingmountainareasbecausetheyareinhabitedbysomeofthemostvulnerablepeople.Thesepeoplecouldlosetheircultureandtheirlivelihoodwitheventhesmallestshiftsinclimate.Atthesametime,manymountainregionsarelosingpeople.ThousandsofvillagesinEuropearedesertedmostoftheyear.InotherareaslikeNepal,peoplearedriftingtothecitiesinsearchofwork.
Viewingandspeaking
Santa’sHometowninDangerScript
Weatherexpertsmayhavefoundanewproblemcausedbyglobalwarming,onewhichmanypeoplewillpayattentionto:TherearesignsthatSanta‘shomeintheNorthmaybeintroublebecauseofwarmertemperatures.TheFinnishtownofRovaniemiontheArcticCircle,whichmanyEuropeanssayisthehomeofSantaClaus,hashaditswarmestwinterin40years.Asaresult,therehasbeenmuchlesssnowthanusual—meaningnosnowmen,nosnowballsandpossiblenotenoughsnowforSantatoridehissleighon.Moreimportantforlocalresidents,itmaymeanfewertourists,aswell.Santa‘swintryhometownnormallyattractsthousandsofvisitorseachyear,andmillionsofdollars.AnnePelttari-Bergman,thetown‘stouristdirector,worriesthatthetowncouldbeintroubleifsnowlevelsdonotreturntonormal.Sheexplains:―Snowisreallyimportantforus,ofcourse.ForSantaClaus,forChristmastourism,andalsoforourwintertourismbecausewinterisourbestseason.Itisreallyimportantforus.‖Weatherexpertsandtownresidentsarehopingthiswarmwinterisaone-timethin
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g.FewpeoplecanimagineaholidaywhenevenSantadoesnothaveawhiteChristmas.
Uint3
CulturemakesmewhatIamII.BasicListeningPractice1.Script
W:ManyChinesestudentsaretooshytosayanythinginaclassroom.M:Ithinktheydon‘tspeakbecausetheirculturevaluesmodesty,andtheydon‘twanttoappeartobeshowingoff.GoesbacktoConfucius.Q:Whydon‘tChinesestudentssayanythinginclassroomaccordingtotheman?
2.Script
W:Thegovernmentisdoingsomethingatlastaboutsexdiscriminationintheworkplace.Womendeservethesamepayasmenforthesamework.M:Yeah.IntheUnitedStates,womenearnonly70percentofwhatmendoforthesamejob.It‘sasituationthathastobechanged.Q:Whatdoesthemansayaboutwomen?
3.Script
W:IadmireMichaelDell.Hehadadreamtobetheworld‘slargestmanufacturerofpersonalcomputers,andhehasrealizedthatdream.M:Andhedroppedoutofuniversitytobecomeasuccess.Iwonderifthereisalessoninthat.Q:WhatdowelearnaboutDellfromtheconversation?
4.Script
M:Successfulentrepreneursareoftenself-madepeoplewhohaveavisionandknowwheretheyaregoing.W:Butdotheyenjoylifelikeyouandme,orismoneytheironlyconcern?Q:Whatarethetwospeakers‘attitudestowardsuccessfulentrepreneurs?
5.Script
W:Doyouagreethatequalopportunityforallinaneducationalsystemisimportant?M:Yes,butwehavetorecognizethata
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llofusarenotofequalability.Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?Keys:1.C2.A3.D4.B5.A
III.ListeningIn
Task1:CompetitioninAmericaScript
Alan:Whatareyoureading,Eliza?Eliza:AnarticleonAmericancompetition.Alan:Competitioniseverywhereandconstant.Whysomuchfussaboutit,MissKnowledge?Eliza:Don‘tmakefunofme.Accordingtotheauthor,competitionisespeciallyimportantinAmericanlife.They‘retaughttocompetefromearlychildhood.Whenchildrenplaygames,theylearnhowtobeatothers.Alan:Andmanygirlswanttolookmoreattractivethanthegirlssittingnexttotheminclass.Doyouthinkthatway?Eliza:Don‘tbesilly.Let‘sgetbacktothepoint.Whenchildrenaregrowingup,theycompetewithoneanotherintheirstudies.Alan:Isn‘tthatalsotrueofstudentsinothernations?Asweallknow,manyAsianstudentskillforahightestscoreandgrabeveryopportunitytosharpentheircompetitiveedgeoverothers.Eliza:Americanboysfindgreatpleasureincompetingwitheachotherinsports,accordingtotheauthor.Alan:Idolikesports.Whenourfootballteambeatstheotherteam,Ifeelgreat.Makesmewanttoshoutoutloud.Butisn‘tthatnormalthroughouttheworld?Eliza:Americanpeoplealsocompetewitheachotheratworkandatclimbingthesocialladder.Alan:Butthere‘scompetitioninothercountriesaswell.Eliza:You‘rerightinasense,buttheauthorsaystheideaofcompetingismoredeeplyrootedinthemindsofAmericans.They‘reeventaughtthatifyouloseanddon‘tfeelhurt,theremustbesomethingwrongwithyou.Alan:IhearthatsomeAsiansputemphasisoncooperation.Whichapproachdoyouthinkmakesmoresense?Eliza:It‘shardtosay.Anyway,there‘snoaccountingfordifferentcultures.
1.2.3.4.5.
Whatisthedialogmainlyabout?Whatisthewomandoing?Whatdochildrenlearnfromplayinggamesaccordingtothewom

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an?Whatdoesthemansayaboutstudents‘studies?Whatdoesthewomansaywhenaskedwhichmakesmoresense,competitionorcooperation?Keys:1.C2.A3.C4.B5.D
Task2:Americans‘WorkEthicScript
Forfourhundredyearsormore,onethinghasbeenacharacteristicofAmericans.Itiscalledtheir―workethic‖.Its(S1rootswereintheteachingoftheChristianPuritanswhofirstsettledin(S2whatisnowthenortheasternstateofMassachusetts.Theybelievedthatitwastheir(S3moraldutytoworkateverytasktopleaseGodbytheir
(S4diligence,honesty,attentiontodetails,skill,andattitude.TothesePuritans,itwasa(S5sintobelazyortodolessthanyourbestinanytask.TheyandlaterAmericanstriedtofollowtheBible‘s(S6teachings,―Ifamanwillnotwork,heshallnoteat.‖Therefore,Americanshavefor(S7centuriesbelievedthattheywereguiltyofsiniftheydidnotworkascarefullyandhardastheycouldwhentheydidanything.Godwouldpunishthosewhowerecarelessorlazyintheirwork.(S8Evenaschildrentheyweretaught,―Ifit‘sworthdoingatall,it‘sworthdoingwell.‖Butsomepeoplehavegonebeyondtheusualsenseofdiligence.Theyareespeciallyattractedtothenotionof―climbingtheladder‖soastoincreasetheirstatus,financialposition,andsenseofself-worth.(S9InEnglishanewwordhasbeencreatedtodescribepeoplewhoworkcompulsivelly.Theword―workaholic‖describesanindividualwhoisasaddictedtoworkasanalcoholicistoalcohol.Thereareconflictingpointsofviewaboutworkaholics.Thoseconcernedwithproblemsofmentalstressbelieveworkaholicsabusethemselvesphysicallyandmentally.(S10Othersholdthatworkaholicsarevaluablemembersofsocietybecausetheyareextremelyproductive.TheAmericanculturevaluesachievement,efficiency,andproduction,andaworkaholicupholdsthesevalues.
Task3:Cross-culturalipsondoingbusinessScript
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Countriesfromaroundtheglobe,suchasGermany,theU.S.,TheU.K.,andRussia,conductalotofbusinessinChina--thebiggestmarketintheworld.Herearesometipstohelpyoudealmoresuccessfullywithpeoplefromthosenations.Firstly,youmustbepunctualwiththeGermans.Beingevenfiveminuteslatemakesapoorimpression.BeingpunctualisalaoveryimportantwiththeAmericansandtheBritish.Butwhileit'simportanttobeontimeforbusinessmeetings,nobodyexpectsyoutobepunctualforaspecialevent.Halfpastsevenreallymeansaquartertoeight,oreveneighto'clock!WithRussians,alwaysbeontime,butdon'tbesurprisedifyourRussiancontactisverylate!Itisnotunusualforthemtobeoneoreventwohourslate!Inthebusinessenvironmentofthosefourcountries,itisbesttowearformalclothesofdarkcolors.InRussia,designerclothesarerathercommon.However,don'tbesurprisedifyougotoanofficeintheU.K.onaFridayandfindeveryonewearingjeans.ManycompaniesintheU.K.have"dressdownFridays",whenpeoplewearcasualattire.Inconversation,theBritishandtheAmericanslovehumorandtalkingaboutsports.TheweatherisalsoagoodtopicofconversationwiththeBritish,butyoushouldavoidpoliticaltalk.WiththeRussians,saypositivethingsabouttheircountry,andavoidmakingcomplaints.TheGermans,however,prefertogetstraightdowntobusiness!
RememberthatwiththeGermans,onceadealhasbeenagreedupon,youcan'tchangeit!WiththeAmericans,moneyismoreimportantthanrelationships,whereaswiththeRussiansit'simportanttogettoknowyourcontactswell.Also,don'tbesurprisedifaBritishmeetingseemslikechaos,witheveryoneparticipatingandgivingopinions!Rememberthesetipsandyouwillbeonyourwaytoasuccessfulinternationalbusinesscareer!Questionsandkey1.WhatistrueoftheAmericansandtheBritishintermsofpunctuality?2.Inwhichcountrydopeoplehave"dressdownFridays"?3.WhatcanyouinferabouttheRussiansfromtheircon

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versation?4.HowcanyoudobusinesswellwiththeRussians?5.Whatisthespeaker'sattitudetowardthefournationalities?Keys:1.D2.A3.D4.A5.C
IV.SpeakingOut
MODEL1Americansglorifyindividualism.
Susan:John,Iwaslookingforyou.Wherehaveyoubeenhidingallmorning?John:Well,IcaughtProfessorBrown‘slectureonAmericanindividualism.Susan:Oh,howdidyoufindit?John:Enlightening.Americansglorifyindividualism.Theybelieveindividualinterestsrankaboveeverythingelse.Susan:Soundsintersting.It‘sasharpcontrasttotheorientalcollectivismProfessorWangtalkedaboutlastsemester.John:ButyoushouldknowthattheindividualismintheUnitedStatesisnotnecesssarilyanequivalentforselfishness.Susan:ThenwhatdoesitmeanintheStates?John:Theybelieveallvalues,rights,anddutiesoriginateinindividuals,sotheyemphasizeindividualinitiativeandindependence.Susan:Therecouldbesomethinginthat.Ofcourseinorientalcountriestheinterestsofthegrouparemoreimportantthananythingelse.John:ISo,it‘sallthemorenecessaryforforeignerstounderstandAmericanculture,ortheycan‘thopetounderstandtheimportanceofprivacyintheWest..Susan:Maybethat‘sthereasonnuclearfamiliesoutnumberextendedfamiliesintheUnitedStates.John:Righton!You‘recatchingonfast!Susan:Nowletmeaskyouaquestion.John:Shoot.Goahead.Susan:WhydoAmericanscherishindividualismmorethanorientalpeople?John:Idon‘tknow.Anyway,ProfessorBrowndidn‘tsay.Susan:OnereasonmightbethatAmericanchildrenstopsleepingwiththeirparents
John:
atanearlyage.Theylearnindependenceearly,soit‘sdeeplyrooted.Wow,that‘sanintelligentguess!
MODEL2
Whatdoyouthinkarethereasonsforthatdifference?Script

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Susan:DoyoufindthatpeopleinAmericaoftenwalkfasterthanpeopleinChina?Americansalwaysseemtobeinahurry.John:It‘shardtocometoadefiniteconclusion.SomeAmericanswalkinaleisurelyway,andsomeChinesehurryallthetime.Butonthewhole,Ithinkyou‘reright.Susan:Whatdoyouthinkarethereasonsforthatdifference?John:Americanstreasuretime.Forthem,timeistangible.It‘sathing.―Timeismoney.‖Youcan―spendtime‖,―wastetime‖,―savetime‖.Youcaneven―killtime‖!Susan:Doesthisstrongsenseoftimeaffecttheirlifestyle?John:Sure.Ifyou‘re20minuteslateforabussinessappointment,theotherpersonorpersonswillbeannoyed.Theymaynottrustyouanymore.Susan:ButasfarasIknow,English-speakingpeoplemaybe15-30minuteslateforadinnerparty.John:That‘strue.Foraninformaloccasionlikethat,punctualityisnotsoimportant.Also,abossmaykeephisemployeeswaitingforalongtime.Susan:Butifhissecretaryislate,she‘sintrouble.Shewillprobablyreceiveareprimand.John:Howtrue!Susan:TheAmericanworkshipoftimeprobablyledthemtocreatefastfoods.John:Iagree.Andglobalizationshrinksthedifferencesbetweencultures.Nowpeopleeverywherearerushing,andanywhereyougo,youfindKentuckyFriedChicken.Susan:ButplentyofChinesearestillmakingappointmentssaying,―IfIamlate,waitforme.‖John:Butwithmoreinterculturalcommunication,Ithinkthegapwilleventuallybebridged,andChinesewillbehurryingeverywhere.
MODEL3Script
That’sthesecretoftheirsuccess.
Chris:HeySue,how‘sthemathclassgoing?Areyouheadoftheclass?Susan:Areyoukidding?There‘sabunchofforeignstudentsintheclass---fromChinasomewhere---andtheyareontop.
Chris:WhydoyouthinksomanyChinesestudentsexcelinmath?It‘sbeenmyobservationthattheChinesestudentsareusuallythebest.Susan:Inclasstheydon‘tsaymuch,buttheydefinitelygetthebestmarks.Chris:Ithinkpartofitistheirworket

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hic.Theyneverskipclass,andtheypayattention.Susan:OneChinesestudentinmyclassdidhomeworkeachnightuntiltheearlyhours.Henevertookabreak,watchedTV,orwentoutforabeer.Chris:That‘sthesecretoftheirsuccess:hardworkanddeligence.Susan:It‘ssounfair.IcouldprobablydobetterifIworkedharder,butthat‘snofun.Ithinklearningshouldbemorefun.Chris:Someonewithaknowledgeofchesswouldfindachesstournamentfascinating.Butif
youdon‘thavetheknowledge,thenyouwon‘tunderstandthesignificanceofthemoves,andyou‘llbebored.
Susan:
Sowhatyou‘resayingisknowledgerequireshardwork,andknowledgemakesthingsinteresting.Iamnotagainstknowledge;Ijustwanttolearnitinaninterestingway.What‘smore,―AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.‖
NowYourTurnTask1:
SAMPLEDIALOG
Maggie:Josh,youwerelateforworkthismorning.Josh:Iwasonlyabouttenminuteslate.Anyway,thebossdidn‘tsayanythingaboutit.Maggie:Asafriend,Imustgiveyouawarning.YoushouldunderstandthatAmericanstreasuretime.Josh:Whatdoyoumean?Maggie:Yousee,forthemtimeistangible.It‘sathing.―Timeismoney.‖Youcan―spendtime‖,―wastetime‖,―savetime‖.Youcaneven―killtime‖!Josh:Doesthisstrongsenseoftimeaffecttheirlifestyle?Maggie:Ifyou‘re20minuteslateforabusinessappointment,theotherpersonswillbeannoyed.Theymaynottrustyouanymore.Todayyouweretenminuteslateforwork.Thatwasbadenough.Josh:Iwascaughtinatrafficjam.WhatcouldIhavedone?Maggie:Youshouldhavecalledthesecretarytosayyoumightbelate.IlearnedtheimportanceofpunctualitywhenIstudiedatanAmericanuniversity.Josh:Tellmeaboutit.Maggie:Somestudentswerelatehandinginassignments

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andtheprofessorsgavethempoormarks.Oneprofessorevenrefusedtoreadatermpaperthatwasturnedinafterthedeadline.Josh:ButasfarasIknow,English-speakingpeoplemaybe15-30minuteslateforadinnerparty.Maggie:That‘strue.Foraninformaloccasionlikethat,punctualityisnotso
important.Also,abossmaykeephisemployeeswaitingforalongtime.Butifhissecretaryislate,she‘sintrouble.Shewillprobablybereprimanded.Maggie:Howtrue!Josh:
V.Let’sTalkInternationalSlaveryMuseumScript
TheInternationalSlaveryMuseumhasopenedatAlbertDock,inLiverpool.Manypeopletravelledfromallovertheworldtocelebratetheopeningon23rdofAugust.Themuseumisaplaceofreflection,contemplationandeducation.Ittellsthestoryofthecruelactsofthetransalanticslavetrade,thestoriesofthelivesofthemillionsofAfricanpeople,whowereforcedfromtheirhomelandsontoshipsthatsailedtounknownlandswheretheyweremadetoworkonfarmsandinminesinharshconditionswithoutdignityorpayment.LiverpoolisoneofthemanyBritishseaportsthatbecameveryrichfrommoneymadetransportinggoodssuchascottonandsugar,producedbyAfricanslaves.Oneofthemostimportantpartsofthemuseum'sexhibitsarethestoriesofthelivesofpeoplewholiveallovertheworldtoday,whosefamilyhistorycanbetracedtotheAfricanswhoseliveswerechangedforeverbythetranslanticslavetrade.Ithastakenfouryearsofhardworkandplanningtoorganizethecreationofthemuseum,anditsopeningyearisaverysignificantdatebecausein2007wecommemoratethe200thanniversaryoftheAbolitionoftheSlaeTradeAct.Thiswasalawmadein1807;itbannedallBritishpeoplefromtakingpartintheslavetrade.Laterin1833allpeoplewhohadbeenforcedintoslaverytoworkforBritishcompanieswerefreed.
VI.FurtherListeningandSpeaking

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Task1:PunctualityScript
ToAmericans,punctualityisawayofshowingrespectforotherpeople‘stime.Beingmorethan10minuteslatetoanappointmentusuallycallsforanapology,andmaybeanexplanation.Peoplewhoarerunninglateoftencallaheadtoletothersknowofthedelay.Ofcourse,thelessformalthesituation,thelessimportantitistobeexactlyontome.Atinformalget-togethers,forexample,peopleoftenarriveasmuchas30minutespasttheappointedtime.Buttheyusuallydon‘ttrythatatwork.Americanlifestylesshowhowmuchpeoplerespectthetimeofothers.Whenpeopleplananevent,theyoftensetthetimedaysorweeksinadvance.Oncethetimeisfixed,
ittakesalmostanemergencytochanceit.Ifpeoplewanttocometoyourhouseforafriendlyvisit,theywillusuallycallfirsttomakesureitisconvenient.Onlyveryclosefriendswilljust―dropin‖unannounced.Also,peoplehesitatetocallotherslateatnightforfeartheymightbeinbed.Thetimemayvary,butmostfolksthinktwiceaboutcallingafter10:00p.m.Tooutsiders,Americansseemtiedtotheclock.PeopleinsomeEasternculturesvaluerelationshipsmorethanschedules.Inthesesocieties,peopledon‘ttrytocontroltime,buttoexperienceit.ManyEasterncultures,forexample,viewtimeasacycle.Therhythmofnature---fromthepassingofseasonstothemonthlycycleofthemoon---shapestheirviewofevents.Iftheyhavewastedsometimeorletanopportunitypassby,theyarenotveryworried,knowingthatmoretimeandopportunitieswillcomeinthenextcycle.ButAmericansoftenwanttojumpatthefirstopportunity.Theyareunwillingtostandbyidlyandgiveuptheopportunity.TheearlyAmericanheroBenjaminFranklinexpressedthatviewoftimelikethis:―Doyoulovelife?Thendonowwastetime,forthatisthestufflifeismadeof.‖
1.Accordingtothepassage,whenpeoplearelateinAmerica,whatdotheydo?2.Accordingtothepassage,whatdoAmerica

35

nsdoafterthetimeforanappointmentisfixed?3.HowdopeopleinsomeEasterncountriesviewrelationshipsandschedules?4.Accordingtothepassage,whyaren‘tsomeEasternpeopleworriediftheyletanopportunitypassby?5.WhatwasBenjaminFranklin‘sviewoftime?Keys:1.C2.B3.A4.C5.D
Task2:OurPersonalSpacesScript
Ourpersonalspace,thatpieceoftheuniverseweoccupyandcallourown,iscontainedwithinaninvisibleboundarysurroundingourbody.Astheownersofthisarea,weusuallydecidewhomayenterandwhomaynot.Whenourspaceisinvaded,wereactinavarietyofways.Webackupandretreat,standourgroundasourhandsbecomemoistfromnervousness,orsometimesevenreactviolently.Ourresponseshowsnotonlyouruniquepersonality,butalsoourculturalbackground.Forexample,culturesthatstressindividualismsuchasEngland,theUnitedStates,Germany,andAustraliagenerallydemandmorespacethancollectiveculturesdo,andtendtobecomeaggressivewhentheirspaceisinvaded.ThisideaofspaceisquitedifferentfromtheonefoundintheMexicanandArabcultures.InMexico,thephysicaldistancebetweenpeoplewhenengagedinconversationiscloserthanwhatisusualnorthoftheborder.Andformiddleeasterner,typicalArabconversationsareat
closerange.Closenesscannotbeavoided.Asisthecasewithmostofourbehavior,ouruseofspaceisdirectlylinkedtothevaluesystemofourculture.InsomeAsiancultures,forexample,employeesdonotstandneartheirbosses;theextendeddistancedemonstratesrespect.ExtrainterpersonaldistanceisalsopartoftheculturalexperienceofthepeopleofScotlandandSweden,forwhomitreflectsprivacy.AndinGermany,privatespaceissacred.Keys:1.T2.F3.T4.F5.F
Task3:Wedon‘tknowwhattodowiththem.ScriptARussian,aCuban,anAmericanbusinessman,andanAmericanlawyerwerepassengersonafasttrainspeedingacrosstheFr

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enchcountryside.Astimeworeon,themengraduallybecamefriendlywithoneanother,introducingthemselvesandshakinghands.Eventually,theRussiantookoutalargebottleofvodkaandpouredeachofhistravelingcompanionsadrink.JustastheAmericanbusinessmanwassippingthevodkaandpraisingitsfinequality,theRussianhurledthehalf-fullbottleoutoftheopenwindow.(q.1―Whatdidyoudothatfor?‖askedthestartledAmericanbusinessman.―Vodkaisplentifulinmycountry,‖saidtheRussian,―Infact,wehavethousandsandthousandsoflitersofit---farmorethanweneed.‖(q.2TheAmericanbusinessmanshookhisheadandleanedbackinhisseat,obviouslybaffledbytheRussian‘sreasoning.Alittlelater,theyoungCubanpassedaroundaboxoffineHavanacigars.ThemenenjoyedthistreatandmadeadmiringremarksaboutthepleasuresofsmokinggoodHavanacigars.AtthatverymomenttheCubantookacoupleofpuffsofhiscigarandthentosseditoutoftheopenwindow.―IthoughttheCubaneconomywasnotgoodthisyear,‖theAmericanbusinessmansaid.―Yetyouthrewthatperfectlygoodcigaraway.Ifindyouractionsquitepuzzling.‖(q.3―Cigars,‖theCubanreplied,―areadimeadozeninCuba.Wehavemoreofthemthanweknowwhattodowith.‖(q.4TheAmericanbusinessmansatinsilenceforamoment.Thenhegotup,grbbedthelawyer,andthrewhimoutofthewindow.(q.5
ViewingandspeakingRevivingtheimageofteaScriptandkey
Voice-over:Walkdownanyhighstreetandyoucan'thelpnoticingtheexplosionof
trendyofficeshops.Theoldstyleofcafesaregraduallydisappearingtomakewayforthecaffeineculture.Aspeoplebecomeespressofriendsandcappucinoconnoisseurs,designercoffeesarekickingthetraditonalBritishbeverage--tea--offthemenu.Buttherearestillafewoasesofcalm.(on-screentext:CharlotteGrindling.Voice-over:CharlotteGrindlingisadesignguruandateafanati

37

c.Charlotte:I'llhaveapotofhouseblendplease.Waitress:Ok,andacream.Charlotte:Yes,thankyou.HereweareinaquintessentiallyEnglishteashop.Ilovetheseplaces.Look,theyevengiveyouadoily.Buttheproblemisthatteaisundergoinganimagecrisis.Youthinkofyourgranny,teaatfour,theflatcap.Butwiththeexplosionofthenewcoffeeshopshittingthehighstreet,thequestionis:Howisteagoingtoupdateitsimage?Voice-over:OneteamanufacturingcompanysawanicheinthemarketforachainofteashopstocompetewiththeAmerican-stylecoffeeshopsthatdominatethehighstreet.Buttocompetesuccessfully,theyneededateamachinethatmadequalityteaasfastasthecoffemachinesmakecoffee.TheyturnedtothecompanyDesignBridgeforhelp.David:I'mDavid.Richard:I'mRichard.David:WeworkforDesignBridge.Richard:Andwedesignthingslikethis.David:Andthat.Richard:Andthat.David:Yeah,andthat.Richard:Andthisone.David:Infact,allofthese.Voice-over:DavidandRichardareproductdesigners.Theyareresponsibleforrepackagingmanyfamiliarhighstreetbrands.Repackagingteawasjustoneoftheirbriefsanditwasbecauseofthecontactsthattheymadewiththeteacompanythattheygotthejobofdesigningtheteamachine.
Uint4Tastethesweetsandbittersoffamilylife.II.BasicListeningPractice1.Script
M:Amy,sitdown,weneedtotalk.YourmotherandIaregoingtoseparate.W:What!Areyoucrazy?Youcan‘tdothat!Whatwillmyfriendssay?Ijustwanttohaveanormalfamily.Q:Whatisthegirlsaying?
2.Script
M:Goodevening,Mrs.Jones.Themanagersentyoutheserosesandhisbestwishestoyoubothforahappyanniversary.W:Thankyou.Weliketheroomandtheservicehere,andweespeci
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allyappreciatethemanager‘sconsideration/Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?
3.Script
W:WhileI‘mscramblingtheeggs,couldyouputtheflourintothebowl?M:Youbet,darling.I‘llalsoturntheovenonsothatitgetswarmedup.Q:Wheredoesthisconversationprobabletakeplace?
4.Script
W:Ihaveaveryimportantmeetingtonight,andI‘mafraidIcan‘tmissit.M:Butthiseveningistheparents‘meetingatschool,andIwasexpectingyou‘dcometoit.OK,I‘llphoneDad,maybeheandhisgirlfriendwillcome.Q:Whatcanbeinferredfromtheconversation?
5.Script
W1:Soyou‘restillsingle?Ifyou‘dlistentomeandusedtheInternet,you‘dhaveahusbandbynow.W2:IdidusetheInternet.Ipostedanadthatread―HusbandWanted‖.Thereweredozensofe-mailresponses.Buttheyallsaidprettymuchthesamething:Youcanhavemine.Q:Whatcanweinferfromtheconversation?
Keys:1.C2.A3.B4.C5.DIII.ListeningIn
Task1:NuclearFamilyLivingPatternsScript
Anuclearfamilyistypicalinhigh-industrializedsocieties.Beginningintheearly20thcentury,thetwo-parentfamilyknownasthenuclearfamilywasthepredominantAmericanfamilytype.Generallychildrenlivewiththeirparentsuntiltheygoawaytoacollegeoruniversity,oruntiltheyacquiretheirownjobsandmoveintotheirownapartmentorhome.Intheearlymid-20thcentury,thefamilytypicallywasthesolewageearner,andthemotherwasthechildren‘sprinciplecaregiver.Today,oftenbothparentsholdjobs.Dual-earnerfamiliesarethepredominanttypeforfamilieswithchildrenintheUnitedStates.Increasingly,oneofthepar

39

entshasanon-standardshift;thatis,ashiftthatdoesnotstartinthemorningandendinlaterafternoon.Inthesefamilies,oneoftheparentsmanagesthechildrenwhiletheotherworks.Priortoschool,adequatedaycareofchildrenisnecessaryfordual-earnerfamilies.Inrecentyears,manyprivatecompaniesandhome-baseddaycarecentershavesprungupfulfillthisneed.Increasingly,acompany‘sarrangementofdaycareaswellasgovernmentassistancetoparentsrequiringdaycareisoccurring.
Task2:FatherhoodinAustraliaScript
CanitbetruethatAustralianmenspendmoretimeduringtheweekbrushingtheirteeththantheydoalonewithchildren?AnewstudyfromtheUniversityofNewSouthWaleshasdiscoveredthatduringtheworkingwork,Australianfathersonlyspendanaverageofjustoveraminuteeachdayalonewiththeirchildren.Australianmothers,ontheotherhand,spendthreehoursaweekpurelylookingaftertheirchildren--amuchgreaterdisparitythaninothercountrieslikeAmerica,Denmark,Italy,andFrance,wherecouplesdividethechildcaremoreevenly.ThesefindingswillprobablyinfuriatewhosewhowanttoshakeoffperhapsunfairimageofAustrilaasalandofold-fashionedmakechauvinism.Accordingtothestudy,Australianfathersappeartolikethefunaspectsofparenthood,butshyawayfromtheboringhousework.Sowhiletheytendtobehappytakingthekidstotheparkortosportingevents,theyareunlikelytoparticipateregularlyinfeeding,bathing,ortakingthekidstoschool.Inshort,Australianparentingisseenasawoman'sjobandaman'shobby.Manypeolebelievethatthatthelast20yearshaveseenthearrivaloftheso-called"newman"--themanwhoiswillingtosharethehouseworkandchildcare.Thenewmanhasapictureofhischildrenonhiscomputerdesktopatwork;henevermissesthekids'schoolplays,andheskipsadrinkatthebarafterworksothathecangethomein
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timetoreadbedtimestorytotheirkids.ThisstudysuggeststhatthenewmanfeelsalittlemoreathomeinEuropethanin
Australia.Indeed,apollconductedintheU.K.forthethinktanktheFatherhoodInstituteinJanuaryindicatesthatalmost70percentofBritishwomenthinkthatmenareasgoodatraisingchildrenaswomen.That'ssomethingforAustralianmentoponderwhiletheybrushtheirteeth!Key1.F2.T3.T4.F5.T
Task3:ViewsonfilialpietyseechangeScript
WithfasteconomicdevelopmentinHongKong,youngpeoplearelesslikelytocherishthetraditionalnotionoffilialpiety.Instead,theyaregraduallytakinganewapproachtoawelfaresociety,accordingtoathree-yearsurveyconductdbytheCityUniversityofHongKong.Asmanyas85percentoftherespondentsexpectthegovernmenttotakeuptheresponsibilityforsupportingtheelderly,and77percentagreewiththeideathatburdenshouldfallonsocietyasawholeratherthanonindividualfamilies.ResearcherRichardWong,whotookchargeofthestudy,issadabouttheerodingoftraditionalfamilybonds.Hesaidthatwhilemostpeoplestillrespecttheirparentsandgrandparents,theytendtoequateeconomicassistancewithlove.Whenaskedabouthowtheywouldshowtheirlovefortheiroldparents,manysimplysaidtheywouldsendthemtooldpeople'shomes.Otherssaidthattheywouldgivemoney,andonlytwopercentoftherespondentssaidtheywouldbereadytotakecareofthepsychologiacalhealthoftheirparents.Accordingtothestudy,middle-agedpeoplewhohavechildrenoftheirowntaketheirfilialdutiesmoreseriously.Also,marriedwomenknowbetterthanmentheneedforthiskindoflovingcare.ResearcherWongquestionedthewisdonofadoptingthenewconceptofgovernmentwelware.Hesaid,"Awelfaresocietyisfoundedonhightaxrates,buthereinHongKongthepersonaltaxrateisonly15percent.Howcanyouexpectthegovernmenttotakecareofalltheelderly?"Hefurtherpointedoutthateven

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whenasocailsecuritynetworkcansupportallseniorcitizens,itcannotreplacethelovethatonlyfamilymemberscangive.Questionsandkey1.Accordingtomostoftherespondents,whoshouldtakeuptheresponsibilityforsupportingtheelderly?2.Whichofthefollowingisawayformostrespondentstoshowrespecthtandlovefortheiroldparents?3.Whichofthefollowingtypesofpeoplehavemorelovingcarefortheiroldparents?4.AccordingtoResearcherWong,whyisawelfaresocietynotrealisticinHongKong?5.Whatitthepassagemailyabou?1.A2.A3.A4.D5.C
IV.SpeakingOut
MODEL1Isyouthwastedontheyoung?
Amy:I‘dliketotalktoyou,sostopwhatyou‘redoingforaminute.Bill:Whatisit,Amy?I‘mhavingahectictimeworkingonthisreportfortomorrow‘smeeting.Amy:Well,you‘realwaysprettybusy,andit‘sbeenmorefiveyears,almostsix,sinceweweremarried.Bill:Yes,timehasgonesofast,butthey‘vebeengoodyears.Amy:Iknow,butIwanttohaveababy—Iwantustohaveababy.Bill:Iknowyoudo.Butremember,wesaidwe‘dwaituntilwecouldaffordit.Amy:Butfiveyearsisalongtimetowait.Anyway,it‘slongenough.Bill:I‘mthisclosetogettingapromotion.Amy:Whathasthatgottodowithit?Wecouldwaitforeverifwewaitforthe―perfect‖moment.Soonwe‘llbetoooldtoenjoyinghavingababy.Bill:Youknow,youhaveagoodpoint.Thisreportcanwait.I‘lldoittomorrowmorning.Let‘sopenabottleofwineandenjoyourselves.
NowYourTurnSAMPLEDIALOG
A:I‘vegotsomethingimportanttotellyou:I‘mpregnant.B:What?You‘repregnant?Wow,I‘dlovetohaveababy.A:Well,Iunderstandyouwanttobeafather.It‘sbeenmorethanthreeyears,almostfour,sinceweweremarried.B:Yes,timehaspassedsoquickly,butwestilldidn‘thaveababy.A:Iknow,butwecan‘taffordtohaveonenow.IfIleavemyjobformorethant

42

woweeks,I‘llloseitforever.B:Iknowyouwill.Butremember,ifwedon‘thaveonenow,it‘llbetoolate.We‘llbebusierinfuture.A:Thereissomethinginwhatyousaid.Fouryearsisalongtimetowait.ButIreallylikemyjob.What‘smore,I‘mveryclosetogettingpromotion.B:Butababybornebyawomaninher30smaybephysicallyandintellectuallylesshealthy.Ifwewantedtoholdontoyourjob,wewouldwaitforever.Soonwe‘llbetoooldtoenjoyababy.A:Youreallyhaveapoint.I‘llchoosethebabyoverthejob.B:Good,I‘lltryhardertomakebothendsmeet
MODEL2SomanypeopleintheUnitedStatesgetdivorced!Script
Kim:HiAmy.Amy:Hi!Lookatthisheadline,Kim.Kim:Wow!SomanypeopleintheUnitedStatesgetdivorced!Amy:Butthisisnotuncommoninwest.Insomeplaces,thedivorceratecanbeashighas50percent.Kim:ItseemsstrangetomethatWesternersfallheadheelsinlovequickly,ifnotatfirstsight;buttheyalsoleaveeachotherquickly.Amy:Isitthesameinyourcountry?Kim:Idon‘tthinkso.Inmycountry,somemarriagesbreakup,butmostcouplesstaytogether.Amy:Dopeoplegetmarriedyoung?Kim:Notreally.Notmanypeoplegetmarriedbeforetheageof20.Amy:Hmm.Dowomanusuallyworkaftertheygetmarried?Kim:No,alotofwomenstayhometotakecareoftheirfamilies.Butmorewomenworknow.
NowYourTurnSAMPLEDIALOG
A:ItseemsstrangetomethatWesternersfallheadheelsinlovequickly,buttheyalsoleaveeachotherquickly.B:Isitthesamewhereyoulive?A:Idon‘tthinkso.Inmycountry,mostcouplesstaytogether.B:Whatisthedivorcerateinyourhomeland?A:Thedivorceratecanbeaslowas10percent.B:That‘squitelowerthaninourcountry.A:Well,what‘sthedivorcerateinyourcountry?B:About50percent,ifI‘mnotmistaken.A:Oh,that‘sreallyhigh!B:Dopeoplegetmarriedyoung?A:Notreally.

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Notmanypeoplegetmarriedbeforetheageof22.B:Manyofouryoungpeoplegetmarriedbefore20.Isitcommonforwomeninyourcountrytoworkaftertheymarry?A:Yes,mostwivesworkevenafterthey‘vegotababy.B:Inmycountry,alotofwivesstayhometolookaftertheirfamilies.
MODEL3WhynothavebothourparentshereforChristmas?
Script
Amy:Youknow,Christmasiscoming.AndIhaven‘tseenDadforages—healwayshassuchgreatstoriestotell.Bill:Iknowwewenttmyfolks‘lastyear,butmyMom‘sbeenprettysick.ThismightbeherlastChristmas.Amy:She‘sbeenill,butdon‘texaggerate.Youjustdon‘tlikemymother.That‘swhyyoudon‘twanttogotomyparentsBill:She‘sneverlikedme.NeverthoughtIwasgoodenoughforyou.Amy:Well,you‘renot…Butseriously,Mom‘snotsosad.She‘sjustgotathickskinandlikestohideherfeelingsBill:Idon‘tthinkso.Amy:WhynothaveourbothfamilieshereforChristmas?Bill:Thatwouldmaketwenty-twoofusifweinvitedeverybody.Amy:WhynotjusthaveourparentshereforChristmas?Bill:Goodidea.Justdon‘tsitmenexttoyourmother.
NowYourTurnSAMPLEDIALOG
A:Youknow,theSpringFestiveiscoming,andwehavetoconsiderwheretohavetheSpringFestiveEvedinner.B:Whathaveyougotinmind?A:SinceI‘vebeenbusy,Ihaven‘tseenmomforquitesometime—she‘salwaysbeensokindtous.B:Iknowwewenttmyfolks‘lastyear,butmymom‘sbeensick.Sheneedscomfort.A:Myparentsalsoneedcompany.IfIdon‘thavetheSpringFestiveEvedinnerwiththemfortwoyearsrunning,theywillbeextremelydisappointed.Asamatteroffact,mymomisalreadyblamingmeforneglectingthem.B:Whatcanwedothen?A:Letmethink.Whynotinviteourparentshereforthedi

44

nner?B:Buttheylivesofarawayfromus.It‘sinconvenientforoldpeople.A:Thenwecaninvitefourofthemtoarestaurantnearthem.B:Good,idea.Onthenextmorningwecanvisitbothourparents.A:Anddon‘tforgettobringgifts.
V.Let’sTalkWheniknewmyparentssplitupScriptandkey
WhenI,whenIknewthatmyparentssplitup,itfeltlikeapieceofmyheartorsomethingwasgone.Like,atfirst,didn'tknowwhatitwas,butIcouldalreadyfeelitanditwasreallyweird.AndwhenIcry,Iusuallygotomymomaboutitandjusttalktoher.Soinsomewayit'sverytraumatizing,butinotherwaysit'sarelieftojusttalkaboutit.Idon'treallysharethisstuffwithmydad'causehe'stheverystrongtypeofpersonwhodoesn'tcryalot.IwishthattheywouldhavejustbeenmoreunderstandingabouthowIwouldfeel,'causeIthinkIdon'tknowwhathappened,butIthinktheymighthavejustgonestraightintoitandjustdecidedonitwithoutthinkingaboutwhatitwouldbelikeforme.AndinthatwaysI'mreallyangrywiththemandstuff.Ididn'treallyseemydadmuch'causeheworked,andsoIdidn't,Iwasn'treallyawarethathe'dactuallyleft.WhenIwasaboutthreeorfour,Ijuststartedwonderingwherehewasandwhathewasdoing.AndmymomtoldmewhenIwasaboutfiveorsix.WhenIdomydrawingswhenIfeelsadoranything,it'slikeawaveofcalmnessjustwashedoverme.Itrelievesalotofstressanditjustfeelsfineafter.Orifitdoesn't,Igotalktomyfriendsorinvitethemforasleepover.Wedolotsofsillyandfunthings,'causethat'sanotherwayithelps.ThehappytimeisChristmas.Um,IrememberwhenIwentaroundtomynanandgranddad's.Anditwasallmycousinsthere,allmyfamily,andwewereinthediningroom.AndIwasjuststaringatthem,gobsmackedabouthowmanypresentstherewere:big,gigantic,small,reallysmall.AndIwasjustsoexcitedandIgotmyfirstpairofhighheelsthenandIwasreally,Iwasoverthemoon.

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DebateSAMPLE
A:OnthewholeIdon‘tsupportremarriage.Toomanyremarriageshaveturnedouttobeunsuccessfulandendindivorce.B:Ifyousaymanyremarriageshavefailed,thatmeansotherremarriageshavesurvived,orevenbloomed.Weshouldnotonlylookatthedarkoftheissue.A:Butthere‘retoomanyfactorscontributetothefailureofasecondmarriage.Forexample,asyoubecomeolder,youmayfinditincreasinglydifficulttoadjusttoadifferentpatternoflifewithanewmate.Oncethere‘saconflictneitheriswillingtogivein.B:There‘reconflictseverywhere,butyoushouldnotneglectthatanadulthaspsychologicalandphysicalneeds.Withoutacompanion,onemayfeellonelyandanxious.A:Inanewfamilythehusbandtendstocomparehisnewwife‘sweakpointwithhis
ex-wife‘sstrongpoint.Andthewifedoesthesame.B:Iwishyou‘dseenthefilmTheSoundofMusic.ThegovernessMariablendedsosmoothlyintotheCaptain‘sfamily.A:Itisnoteasyforchildrentoacceptthenewmotherorfather.Itissimplyimpossibleforthemtoforgettheirbirth-mother‘slovingcareandthehappymomentsintheirchildhood.B:ButhowhappyaretheCaptain‘ssevenchildrenwiththeiradoptedmotherMaria!Ifthenewmothershowsgenuinecareforthekids,theywillgraduallywarmtoher.Ontheotherhand,manychildreninasingle-parentfamilyareunderpsychologicalpressureandsufferfromanxietyattack.So,thesinglelifeisnottherightchoice.
VI.
FurtherListeningandSpeakingTask1:ReasonsforaDivorceScript
W:I‘mdivorcingmyhusband.M:Howlonghaveyoubeenmarried?W:Thirteenyears.M:Doyouhavechildren?W:Yes,andIhavetoprotectthemfromanymoreharmfrommyhusband‘sirresponsibilityM:So,whatareyourgroundsfordivorce?

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W:Well,firstofall,hekeepschangingjobs.We‘vehadmovedfourtimesinthirteenyears!M:And,youbelievethatwillbegoodgroundsfordivorce?W:Idohavearighttostabilityformychildrenandmyself,don‘tI?M:Aren‘ttheyhischildren,too?W:Butmyhusbandisn‘tfulfillinghisduties!M:Ishepayingthebills?W:Well,yes,butwejustlivearoundthepovertyline.Ourkidsarebeingteasedbyotherkidsatschoolbecausewecan‘tdressthemingoodclothes!Wehavetoliveinasmalldepartmentanddriveanoldcar!M:Doesthecarrun?W:Yes,butitlooksOLD!M:Doyouyellathimandcallhimnames?W:Well,heyellsatme!M:So,thosearethereasonstonothonoryourhusband.Areyougoingtogivehimjointcustodyinthisdivorce?W:No,justvisitationrights.
M:Why?W:Becausethelawpermitsmeto.M:And,whataboutthefinancialdemandsofthisdivorce?W:I‘mdemandinghalfofallwehave,whichisn‘tmuch,andlargesupportpayments.
Afterthirteenyearsmarriage,thewomanwantstodivorceherhusband,claimingheisirresponsible.Whenaskedforthespecificgroundsfordivorce,shegivesthesereasons:First,hekeepschangingjobs,andthefamilyhashadtomovefourtimesinthirteenyears,butshewantsstabilityforherchildrenandherself.Second,althoughheispayingthebills,theyjustlivearoundthepovertyline.Herchildrenarebeingteasedbyotherchildrenfornotdressinggoodclothes.Also,theyhadtoliveinasmallapartmentanddriveanoldcar,thoughitstillruns.Worsestill,thehusbandyellsather,thoughsheadmitsshealsoyellathimandcallshimnames.Asforthedivorcearrangements,thewomanwillgivethehusbandonlyvisitationrightsinsteadofjointcustody.Moreover,thewomanwilldemandhalfofalltheyhaveandlargesupportpayments.
Task2:Single-parentproblemsScript
Question:Hi,Ihavebeendivorcedfor8years.MyexseesourchildMariaonarelularbasis.Sheiseightandinthesecond

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grade.Myexhasawifethatis20.Myexandhiswifegototheschoolalmosteverydaytoseeourdaughter.Ourdaughterhasfailedthesecondgradeandhowhastorepeatit.Ihaveseenhergradesplummetsincethosetwostartedshowingupatschool.Theyarebothverycontrollingandverballyabusivetomeandtoourdaughter.I'mconcernendaboutthis.Heforcedmydaughtertocallhiswifemommy.Iamreallytiredoftheirunkindvisits.Idon'tknowwhattodo.Ifyouhaveanyadvicetogiveme,Iwouldbegrateful.Thanks.Answer(byawomanpsychiatrist:Hi,Diana.It'sobvioustomethatyourdaughterishavingproblemswiththevisits.Iwouldsuggesthavingafrankconversationwithyourdaughtertoseewhatshefeelstheproblemsare.Ifshesaysitisalltheseproblemsasyouhavestatedabove,Iwouldtrytotalktoyoutexaboutherproblems.I'lltrytosticktowhatyourdaughterfeelstobetheproblemsandhopehewillhelpyourdaughterdobetteratschool.Ifheisnotresponsive,thenI'lltakeyourdaughterforcounselingtohelpher.Youcan'tmakeothersdothingsthatarerightforyourchild,noteventhefather,sospendyourenergyonthingsyoucancontrollikecounselingforyourdaughter.Also,youshouldspengqualitytimewithherandallowhertoventherfeelingsonyou,andletherknowyouarealwaysthereforhernomatterwhathappens.Trytokeepherself-esteemhigh.Whenachildfailsagrade,theywillfeelbad.GoodLuck!
Questionsandkey1.WhatdoesDianathinkaobutthevisitsbyherexandhiswifetoherdaughter?2.Whathashappenedtothedaughter'sstudies?3.Whatdoesthepsychiatristadvisethewomantodofirst?4.WhatwillthepsychiatristdotoDiana'sex-husband?5.WhatisNOTadvisedbythepsychiatristforDianatodo?1.B2.C3.A4.D5.C
Task3:AmanwhoremarriedScript
IfyouwantmetotellyouwhyIremarried,that‘smystory.RemarriedisthelastthingI‘dconsiderfortwoyearsaftermydivorce.Ihadheardaboutthehighrateofremarriagefailure.Mor

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eimportantly,Iwonderedhowremarryingwouldaffectmy10-year-oldson.MyheartachedwhenIsawmysondrawapictureofhimself,myex-wifeandmeholdinghands,withsadnessonourfaces.Sincemyparentshavemarriedanddivorceeighttimesaltogether,IhopemysonwouldnothavetogothroughthesamepainIhadexperienced.Asaresult,myprimaryfocusafterdivorcewasmyrelationshipwithmysonJohn,notfindingawife.Astimewentby,mysongraduallygrewup,andhebecameofmylonelinessandanxiety.Onedayheaskedmetoconsiderdating.Thefirsttimerhesaidthis,Iignoredhim.Thesecondtimehebroughtitup,Ireconsideredmyreservationsaboutdating.IbegantodateMaria.Asourrelationshipdevelopedoverthefollowingyear,Iwasconcernedaboutmysonwouldactuallyrespondtoher.Atfirst,John‘saffectionforMariawaslukewarm.Forinstance,hewouldhugher,buttheactseemedmechanical.Butafterseveraltimes,hewarmeduptoher.Seeingthatthetimewasripe,IaskedMariatomarryme.Sheaccepted,soourfamilyoftwosmoothlybecameafamilyofthree.Thinkingback,Ibelievemyremarryingwastherightchoice.Somesingle-parentsarestillbesitantaboutremarrying.Nowthatyou‘veheardmystory,Ihopeyouwon‘thesitateandletgoldenopportunitiesslipthroughyourfingers.
Changesinthe
Speaker’sReasonsorDetailedDescriptionAttitudetoRemarriage
1.Highrateofremarriagefailure.2.Remarriagewouldaffectmyson.Fortwoyearsaftermydivorce,①Hedrewapictureofthethreeofus.remarriagewasthelastwordI‘dconsider.②Myparentsmarriedanddivorcedeight
timesandIhopemysonwouldhavenosuchpain.③Myprimaryfocuswasmyson,notawife.

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Iignoredmyson‘ssuggestionthatIconsiderdating.IreconsideredmreservationaboutdatingandbegantodateMariaIwasconcernedaboutmyson‘srespondtoher.
Hegrewupandbecameconsciousofmylonelinessandanxiety.Thesecondtimehebroughttheissueup.
Atfirsthisaffectionforherwaslukewarm:hishugwasmechanical;butseveralmonthslaterhewarmeduptoher.IaskedMariatomarrymeandsheSeeingtimewasripe.accepted.ThetwoofusblendedintothethreeofIbelievemyremarryingwastherightus.choice.
ViewingandspeakingMother-daughterrelationshipScriptandkey
Iloveallthechildren,they'veallgotfantasticpersonalities.Lovelychildren,buttheonethat'sthemostlikemeisSarahLucy.Ican,Ican...shedoesthingslikeIdo,shesaysthingsIsay.Um,andIthinkthat'swhysometimeswehaveourclashesbecausewearesosimilar.She'svery,verymuchlikeme.MeandSarahLucyhavevery...bothhavestrongpersonalities,soweclashquiteabit.WhenSarahLucycan'thaveherownway,shestrutsoff,slamsthedoor,stampsupthestairs.Favoriteexpressionformeis,veryquitelyshe'llsay,"Mum'slikeawitch!"andthen,I'llsaytoher,"Stayinyourroomtillyoufeelbetter.Whenyoufeelbetter,youcomeandtalktomeaboutit."Um,soshe'llstayinherroomforafewminutesandthenshe'llcomebackdownandshe'sall,"I'msorrymom."AndthenifI'veupsetSarahLucy,I'llapologizeifIthinkI'minthewrong.Andthenwe'llhaveadiscussionoradebateaboutit.There'scertainaspectsaboutSarahLucy'sbehavior,um,it'slearnedbehaviorbecausechildrenlivewhattheylearn,andsothere'ssometraitsthatshe'sgotandIthink,"Ohtheyarebeautiful,theyarelovely,Ilovethem."Andthere'reotheronesandIthink,"Ohtheyarenotsogood."Forexample,herstruttingoffandslammingthedoor.But,um,confession:Shegetsitoffme.Shegetsitoffmom.Um,andshe'llsayt

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新视野大学英语视听说教程第三册听力原文讲解

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