[语法初识]

[语法剖析]

1．动词ing形式的完成式作状语的基本用法

(1)基本形式：having＋过去分词

否定形式：not having＋过去分词

完成式的被动式：having been＋过去分词

(2)成分：动词ing形式的完成式在句中可作状语， 常表示时间、原因等。

(3)功能：所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前， 如果该动作与句子的主语之间是主谓关系， 则用主动形式having done；如果是动宾关系， 则用被动形式having been done。

Having lived in the city for three years, she knows it well.

在这个城市生活了三年， 她对这里已经很熟悉了。

Not having finished the homework, the pupil doesn't dare to go to school.

由于还没有完成作业， 这个学生不敢去上学。

Having been invited to speak, I'll start making preparations tomorrow.

已经被邀请发表讲话， 我明天将开始做些准备。

2．动词ing形式的一般式和完成式作状语的用法区别

(1)动词ing形式的一般式， 作状语时与句子主语之间为主动关系， 所表示的动作与句子谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生， 常表示时间、条件、原因或结果等。

Seeing those pictures, he couldn't help thinking of those days in Yan'an.

当他看到那些图片时， 就禁不住想起了在延安的那些日子。

Working hard, you will pass the entrance exam.

如果你努力学习， 你就会通过入学考试。

(2)动词ing形式的完成式， 作状语时与句子主语为主动或被动关系， 所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前， 常表示时间或原因等。

Having got our tickets, we drove to the airport to board the plane.

买到机票之后， 我们就开车到机场登机。

集中演练1

1－1.单句语法填空

①Havinganalysed (analyse) the data, the scientists concluded that the disease was caused by the polluted water.

②Havingbeenwarned (warn)of danger in the street at night, she had to go home, with a friend following her.

③Havingfailed (fail) many times, Edison didn't lose heart and finally he invented the light bulb.

④Havingdriven (drive)all the way, we felt rather tired and decided to find a hotel to have a rest.

⑤The road is under construction, causing (cause)the delay.

1－2.句型转换

⑥After he had finished his homework, the little boy began to play Internet games.

→Havingfinishedhishomework, the little boy began to play Internet games.

⑦When he was walking along the street, he met his old friend.

→Walking along the street, he met his old friend.

⑧Because he had lived in the city for years, he started getting to know it.

→Havinglived in the city for years, he started getting to know it.

⑨Because he hadn't finished the task, he has to stay there for another week.

→Nothavingfinished the task, he has to stay there for another week.

1．可用动名词作宾语的动词(短语)

(1)常见的能用动名词作宾语的动词有：advise, admit, allow, avoid, consider, miss, keep, practice, finish, enjoy, appreciate, forbid, imagine, risk, suggest, mind, permit等。

I couldn't risk missing that train.

我可不敢冒误了那趟火车的险。

She suggested selling your house to pay the debt.

她建议卖掉你的房子来抵债。

(2)常见的能用动名词作宾语的动词短语有：look forward to, lead to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, can't stand, feel like, insist on, apologize for, be busy in, have difficulty (in), spend time (in)等。

He insists onseeing you alone.

他坚持要单独见你。

(3)advise, allow, forbid, permit等动词后可直接跟动名词作宾语， 也可跟不定式作宾补。

We don't allow smoking here.

我们不允许在此吸烟。

We don't allow students to smoke here.

我们不允许学生在此吸烟。

2．可用动词不定式作宾语的动词(短语)

(1)能接不定式作宾语的常见动词有：agree, choose, decide, determine, learn, want, expect, hope, refuse, manage, wish, pretend, offer, promise, plan等。

After much discussion they decided to accept our offer.

经过反复讨论， 他们决定接受我们开的价。

I only just managed to finish on time.

我刚好设法按时完成。

(2)能接“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语的动词有：show, understand, tell, explain, teach, learn, know, ask, decide, wonder, find out等。

He didn't know how to deal with the accident.

他不知道怎么处理这起事故。

[名师点津] 此用法中的不定式的逻辑主语需要与句子的主语或宾语一致，否则得用宾语从句。

3．可用动词不定式和动名词作宾语的动词(短语)

(1)下列动词(短语)后可跟不定式或动名词， 但在意义上却有着明显的差别。

remember to do sth. 记得去做某事

remember doing sth. 记得做过某事

forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事(此事未做)

forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)

go on to do sth. 做完一件事接着去做 (另一件事)

go on doing sth. (中间停顿后)继续做 (同一件事)

stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事

stop doing sth. 停下正在做的事

regret to do sth. 抱歉、遗憾地做某事

regret doing sth. 后悔做了某事

mean to do sth. 意欲、打算做某事

mean doing sth. 意味着做某事

try to do sth. 设法、企图、尽量做某事

try doing sth. 尝试做某事

can't help doing sth. 禁不住做某事

can't help (to) do sth. 不能帮助做某事

Remember to post the letter for me.

记住替我寄这封信。

I remember posting the letter on my way home.

我记得在回家的路上把信寄出了。

(2)有些动词(like, love, hate, begin, start, continue, intend等)既可跟不定式又可跟动名词， 不定式表示特定的未来事件， 动名词表示抽象的概念， 但在许多情况下可以互换。

I intend studying/to study abroad.

我打算出国留学。

(3)动词want, need, require作“需要”解， 而且当物作主语时， 常跟动名词作宾语， 用主动形式表示被动意义， 如果跟不定式要用被动式。

His pronunciation needs improving/to be improved.

他的发音需要改进。

集中演练2

2－1.用所给动词的正确形式填空

①I remember seeing (see) the man somewhere before, but his name escapes me at this moment.

②No matter who is frequently praised, you should always remember toimprove (improve) yourself.

③If you mean tocatch (catch)the first train, that means getting (get) up at 6：00 am.

④The boy pretended tobereading (read) when his mother came in.

⑤You're going to England next year. You should now practice speaking (speak) English as much as possible.

⑥As she is looking forward to hearing (hear)from me, please remember topost (post) this letter on your way to school.

⑦—Would you like togo (go) for a walk?

—Sorry, I feel like watching (watch) TV at home.

⑧Lying on the grass, she imagined walking (walk) on the beach.

2－2.单句改错

⑨She looks so sad now so I regret tell her the bad news.tell→telling

⑩When you leave the classroom, don't forget locking the door.locking→tolock

⑪When the two boys saw the teacher coming in, they stopped talk.talk→talking

⑫We agreed meeting at the school gate at 9：00 am, but Lucy hasn't arrived yet.meeting→tomeet

[链接高考]

单句语法填空

1．(2015·天津高考单选改编)Havingworked (work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.

解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：工作了两天，史蒂夫如期完成了报告。分析句子可知是先工作了两天，才如期完成了报告， work这个动作先于主句动作发生，故用having done形式。

2．(2015·陕西高考单选改编)After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on tothank (thank)all the people who had helped in her career.

解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：获得奥斯卡最佳女配角奖后， Anne Benedict继续感谢在事业上帮过她的所有人。go on doing sth.“继续做同一件事”， go on to do sth.“继续做另一件事”。根据题干可知， Anne Benedict先是获得了奖项，然后又表达的感谢，故不是同一件事。

3．(2014·陕西高考单选改编)It's quite hot today. Do you feel like going (go) for a swim?

解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：今天非常热。你想去游泳吗？feel like doing sth.“想做某事”。

4．(2012·重庆高考单选改编)Havingbeenasked (ask) to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.

解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我那天晚上因为被要求加班而错过了一场精彩的电影。非谓语动词和逻辑主语I之间是被动关系，且所表示的动作发生在谓语动词missed之前，故应用现在分词的被动完成形式。

5．(2012·安徽高考单选改编)I remembered tolock (lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.

解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在离开办公室前我记住了关门，但是忘记了关灯。remember to do sth.意“记住要去做某事”， remember doing sth.意为“记得以前做过某事”。

6．(2012·湖南高考单选改编)We've had a good start, but next, more work needs doing/tobedone (do) to achieve the final success.

解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我们有一个好的开始，但是接下来，更多的工作还需要做，以实现最终的成功。need表“需要”后跟to be done或动词的ing形式(主动形式表被动)。

[针对演练]

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．Will you please stop making (make) so much noise? Nobody could hear what the lecturer is speaking.

2．Havinglived (live) in New York for nearly ten years, Mr Wang decided to return to his hometown at last.

3．First, the Prime Minister asked something about the present economy and he went on totalk (talk) about the foreign policy.

4．Havingworked (work) in the company for three years, Tony got rich experience and set up his own firm.

5．Do you remember beingtaken (take) to Beijing when you were only five years old?

6．We have been driving for three hours, so my mother suggested stopping tohave (have) a rest in a fast restaurant.

7．Havingreached (reach) an agreement about the plan, we began to solve another problem.

8．As a result of my laziness, I failed tofinish (finish) my work in time.

9．I lay there, thinking (think) that he would not come tonight.

10．I asked him to help me carry the box, but he refused todo (do) that.

Ⅱ.完成句子

1．由于没有尽最大的努力， 他这次考试没及格。

Nothavingtried his best, he failed in the exam.

2．穿好衣服后， 我就去了办公室。

Havingdressed myself, I went to the office.

3．他不应该允许在晚上游泳。

He shouldn't allowgoing swimming at night.

4．最后她决定去买那件绿色的大衣。

In the end, she decidedtobuy the green coat.

5．即使他的脚受了伤， 他还是继续爬山。

He continued toclimb/climbing the mountain even when his foot was hurt.

Ⅲ.短文改错

Nowadays many people cross streets without watch traffic lights. So traffic accidents often happen for those who didn't follow traffic rules. Why don't people follow traffic rules? They haven't realized an importance of traffic safety. Besides, some people are such busy that they don't want wait for the green light. How do we solve the problem? First of all, we should develop into the habit of following traffic rules. Secondly, who breaks traffic rules should be punished. Lastly, we should teach kids how to cross streets safe. If we did that, there would be fewer traffic accident, and we would live a better life.

答案：第一句：watch→watching

第二句：for→to；didn't→don't

第四句：an→the

第五句：such→so; want后加to

第七句：去掉into

第八句：who→whoever

第九句：safe→safely

第十句：accident→accidents

选择朋友要经过周密考察，要经过命运的考验，不论是对其意志力还是理解力都应事先检验，看其是否值得信赖。此乃人生成败之关键，但世人对此很少费心。虽然多管闲事也能带来友谊，但大多数友谊则纯靠机遇。人们根据你的朋友判断你的为人：智者永远不与愚者为伍。乐与某人为伍，并不表示他是知已。有时我们对一个人的才华没有信心，但仍能高度评价他的幽默感。有的友谊不够纯洁，但能带来快乐；有些友谊真挚，其内涵丰富，并能孕育成功。一位朋友的见识比多人的祝福可贵得多。所以朋友要精心挑选，而不是随意结交。聪明的朋友则会驱散忧愁，而愚蠢的朋友会聚集忧患。此外，若想让友谊地久天长。这需要技巧和判断力。有的朋友需近处，有的则需远交。不善言谈的朋友可能擅长写信。距离能净化近在身边无法容忍的缺陷。交友不宜只图快乐，也要讲求实用。一位朋友等于一切。世间任一美好事物的三大特点，友谊兼而有之：真、善、专一。良友难遇，如不挑选则更难求。保住老朋友，比结交新朋友更重要。交友当寻可长久之友，如得其人，今日之新交，他年自成老友。最好的朋友是那些历久常新，能与之共享生活体验者。没有朋友的人生是一片荒原。友谊使欢乐加倍，痛苦减半；它是应对厄运的不二良方，是可以滋润心田的美酒。

2017-2018学年高二英语外研版选修六教学案：Module 3 Section 3 Word版含答案全面版