新技术新材料在建筑施工中的应用探析

摘　要：随着科学技术水平的不断提高，建筑行业也发生了日新月异的变化。目前，建筑企业若想在日益激烈的市场竞争中站稳脚跟，从而谋求更大的发展，建筑施工新技术和新材料的研发与应用显得尤为重要。本文在阐述施工新技术发展状况的基础上，分析了新施工技术和材料在一些常见施工方面的应用，在防水施工、混凝土施工、钢筋连接施工三个方面发表了一些看法。

Pick to: with the continuous improvement of scientific and technological level, the construction industry also changed with each passing day. At present, the construction companies to gain a foothold in the increasingly fierce market competition, to seek greater development, the construction of new technology and new materials research and development and application is particularly important. New construction technology is presented in this paper, on the basis of development status, analyses the new construction technology and application in some common construction materials, in the waterproof construction, concrete construction, steel bar connection made some views from three aspects.

关键词：建筑施工；新技术；新材料；应用

Keywords: building construction; The new technology; New materials; application

一　我国建筑施工新技术的发展情况自改革开放以来，中国建筑行业得到了飞速发展，施工技术水平相应也得到了很大程度的提高。尤其是近些年来，一些新工艺、新技术在施工过程中不断出现，使得传统的施工技术受到了很大的冲击。这些新技术不但突破了传统施工技术无法实现的瓶颈，同时在施工效率方面也有了空前的提高，它不但缩短了工程的作业时间、减少了工程的成本，更是使工程施工更加的安全有效，从而为整个施工项目打造了一个更为广阔的平台。近年来，随着建筑技术水平的不断提高，我国建筑业的产业规模与产业素质也得到了很大程度的发展和提高。在一些单项技术方面，甚至到达了世界先进水平。但是整体来说，与世界其他先进国家相比，我国的建筑技术水平还是比较落后，导致不能从根本上改变我国建筑行业的劳务密集型的特点和粗放型的经济增长模式。为此，我国建设部在目前重点推广了十项建筑业新技术，具体分为：①深基坑支护技术②高强高性能混凝土技术③高效钢筋和预应力混凝土技术④粗直径钢筋连接技术⑤新型模板和脚手架应用技术⑥建筑节能和新型墙体应用技术⑦新型建筑防水和塑料管应用技术⑧钢结构技术、⑨大型构件和设备的整体安装技术⑩企业的计算机应用和管理技术。在建筑工程领域，只有依靠科技进步，将科学的管理方法、先进的技术、优秀的科技成果很好地应用到建筑行业的各个领域中去，才能逐步提高其科技含量，更快地转化科技成果，使施工企业的建筑技术的整体水平得到全面提高。

The construction situation of the development of new technologies in our country since reform and opening up, China's construction industry has been rapid development, the construction technology level has been greatly improve accordingly. Especially in recent years, some new techniques, new technologies emerging in the construction process, make the traditional construction technology is a very big impact. These new technologies not only break through the bottleneck of traditional construction technology can't achieve, at the same time also has an unprecedented increase in construction efficiency, it not only shorten the operation time, reduce the cost of the project, but also make the construction more safe and effective, which provides the entire construction project to build a broader platform. In recent years, with the continuous improvement of construction technology, quality construction industry scale and the industry in China has been greatly development and improve. Technologies in some aspects, and even reached the world advanced level. But overall, compared with other advanced countries in the world, our country's construction technology level is still relatively backward, lead to can not fundamentally change the characteristics of construction industry labor intensive in China and the extensive mode of economic growth. To this end, the ministry of construction in our country at present mainly promote the ten new technology of construction, concrete can be divided into: (1) deep foundation pit supporting technology (2) high strength high performance concrete technology (3) efficient reinforced and prestressed concrete technology (4) coarse diameter steel bar connection technology (5 new types of formwork and scaffold application technology 6. Building energy efficiency and new wall application technology 7) new building waterproof and application technology of plastic piping steel structure technology, overall pet-name ruby large component and equipment installation technology attending the enterprise and management of the computer application technology. In the field of construction engineering, only rely on scientific and technological progress, scientific management methods, advanced technology, outstanding scientific and technological achievements well applied into every area of construction industry, to gradually increase the technology content, faster transformation of scientific and technological achievements, make construction enterprises and fully improve the overall level of construction technology.

二　施工工程中对于新技术的应用

For the application of new technologies in construction engineering

（一）防水施工的新技术和新材料 所谓防水，实际上就是指防止在与水有接触的部位有渗漏和有害裂痕的情况出现。想要做好防水工作，我们需要遵循正确的设计理念，合理的选择防水材料和施工工艺，做到综合治理、多道设防、复合防水、防排结合、节点密封、全面设防。 1. 防水施工的新技术（1） 防水混凝土结构在防水施工过程中，我们可以采取防水混凝土结构，这种结构具有很好的密实性，从而达到较强的防水能力。它不但具有承重、围护和抗渗漏的功能，还能抗冻、抗融、抗侵蚀。与传统的工艺相比，防水混凝土结构的材料来源更加广泛，工艺操作更加简单，检查维修更加方便。它不但能缩短施工工期、改善施工条件，还可以降低工程成本。（2） 复合式衬砌防水结构复合式衬砌结构是一种隧道衬砌结构，它是分内外两层先后施作的。目前，我国多数地铁区间隧道采用了这项技术。在隧道开挖后，首

(a) the waterproof construction of the new technology and new material waterproof, is actually refers to avoid contact with water is parts of leakage and harmful cracks. Want to do a good job of waterproof, we need to follow the correct design idea, the reasonable selection of waterproof material and construction technology, achieve comprehensive, multi-channel fortification, composite waterproof, prevent row of combination, node, seal, comprehensive fortification. 1. Waterproof construction of the new technology (1) in a waterproof waterproof concrete structure construction process, we can adopt waterproof concrete structure, this structure has the very good compactness, achieve strong waterproof ability. It not only has the function of bearing, retaining and seepage resistance could antifreezing, melting resistance, erosion resistance. Compared with traditional technology, the waterproof concrete structure material source is more extensive, and operation process simple, check the maintenance more convenient. It can not only shorten the construction period and improve construction conditions, can also reduce the engineering cost. (2) composite lining waterproofing compound lining structure is a kind of tunnel lining structure, it is points inside and outside two layer has been applied. At present, the majority of the subway tunnel adopted the technology. After tunnel excavation

新技术新材料在建筑施工中的应用探析