专题突破(1) — 完形填空

一、解题必备

完形填空题的目的是考查考生对英语知识的掌握情况和语言运用能力，因此它结合了单项选择题和短文填空的优点，既考查词语搭配、近义词辨异、句型结构、复合句的关联和习惯用法等，又考查了逻辑推理和事理推断能力。要想较好地解答这类试题，需要具备以下几个方面的基础：

1. 词汇基础

要数量掌握新课标中要求的1600个左右的单词和300条左右的重点短语，并熟练掌握这些词汇的意义和用法，特别是：词形变化形式，近义词的细微差别，词语的固定搭配和习惯用法。

2. 语法基础

要掌握各种语法规则及其在文章中的具体运用，特别是：冠词的用法，名词的单复数和不可数名词，形容词、副词的比较等级，动词的时态和语态，人称代词的数与格，形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词，主谓一致，必须接-ing的固定结构和必须接to do的动词，接to do和-ing意义区别较大的动词，接省略不定式符号to作宾补的动词，连词及各种从句等。

3. 语篇基础

要具有能够把握文章中句子与句子之间，段落与段落之间，上文与下文之间的逻辑关系的能力。要善于利用能体现它们之间关系的连接词语，如and，but，though，so，because等来把握语篇结构，或者根据语篇能填出恰当的连接词语，尤其要学会根据上下文的意思及结构进行简单的逻辑推理来确定填入恰当的词语。

4. 题型基础

就是指考生对中考完形填空题的设空类型的了解。中考完形填空既有对语法规则、习惯用法和词语搭配的考查，又有对文章内容的通篇理解的考查。中考中以句子层次和句组层次为主，全篇层次为辅。

5. 生活基础

注意有生活常识和百科知识的积累，注意中西方文化的差异。要多观察生活，体验生活。广泛阅读各方面的书籍，开阔视野，提高多方面的知识能力。

二、命题特点

1. 文体：以记叙文为主，同时设计说明文和应用文。

2. 话题：记叙文主要涉及故事类文章，包含：人物故事、情感故事、教育故事、哲理故事、幽默故事和生活故事；说明文主要涉及咨询建议、科普知识和时下热点，内容均与学生的日常生活和学习息息相关。

3. 命题角度：主要有六个方面，包括语境推断、逻辑推理、固定搭配、语法知识、生活常识和词汇复现。

三、解题攻略

1. 通读全文，首尾衔接，准确预测

通常情况下，完形填空的首句和尾句是不设空的，通读这两句，便可知文章的体裁，猜测文章重点讲的是什么，如果交代了what, where, who, when等，一般是记叙文，很可能是讲述一个故事。为了测试考生对语篇的理解能力，出题者往往注意选材的趣味性，其结尾往往出人意料，耐人寻味；如果首句是提出或解释说明某事物，一般说来是说明文；如果首句是一个论点，则是议论文。

首句往往开篇点题，开宗明义，细度可以启示全文，而尾句往往是全文的总结，起画龙点睛的作用，因此要充分理解这两句的提示，去挖掘文章的思路，寻找文章的脉络与线索。

2. 细读全文，仔细辨析，语法、固定搭配、固定句型一把抓

细读时，考生要利用平时所学的知识，结合选项，分析单词或词组的适用范围，动词的及物和不及物，并利用句子结构、句式特点等知识综合判断，全面衡量所有选项，排除干扰。

3. 巧用跳读法和排除法

做题时切忌循规蹈矩地一个一个地完成，要巧用跳读法和排除法，事半功倍。

4. 复读全文，验证答案

将答案放入原文中，通读一遍，看所选答案是否能使短文前后连贯、语句通顺，是否能使文章意思完整。

四、真题体验及技巧点拨

(2016重庆B卷) In a history class, our teacher, Mrs. Bartlett asked us to make a poster (海报) in groups about the culture that we were studying. She told us to write the names of three friends we wanted in one group and she would think about our __1___.

The next day, I was told to be in a group I would __2__ want ---the boy who was too weak in English, and the two girls who wore strange clothes. Oh, how I wanted to be with my __3__!

With tears in my eyes, I walked up to Mrs. Bartlett. She __4__ me and seemed to know what I was there for. I told her I should be in the “good” group. She gently (轻轻地) __5___ a hand on my shoulder (肩膀). “I know what you want, Karma,” she said, “but your group needs you. I need you to help them. Only you can help them.” I was __6__ and moved. Her words encouraged me.

“Will you help them?” she asked. “Yes,” I replied. Then I __7__ walked over to my group. I sat down and we started. Each of us did a part according to our interests. Halfway through the week, I felt __8__ enjoying our group. We did a good job together. My group members weren’t thought to be good just because no one cared enough about them __9__ Mrs. Bartlett.

At last, our group got an A. But I think we should hand the A back to Mrs. Bartlett. She was the one who should truly ___10___ it. Mrs. Bartlett brought out the potential (潜能) in four of her students.

1. A. classes        B. books        C. choices        D. clothes

2. A. often         B. never       C. always         D. sometimes

3. A. boys  B. girls        C. friends        D. teachers

4. A. laughed at      B. looked at      C. lived with      D. agreed with

5. A. placed       B. pushed      C. washed       D. pulled

6. A. useful        B. surprised      C. thirsty       D. asleep 

7. A. hardly        B. deeply        C. lazily        D. bravely

8. A. myself        B. herself       C. yourself      D. himself

9. A. around       B. with         C. for         D. except

10. A. receive       B. start        C. give        D. throw

【技巧点拨】

1-2题&6题考查角度：语境推断

点拨：语境推断类指脱离上下文语境，每个选项放在空格处，在语法上、词性上、意义上可能都是正确的。但在上下文具体语境中和情景下，正确答案又是唯一的。一般此类题的选项词性一致，需要分析空格处的前后内容或综合全文内容选出符合文章和逻辑的选项。

3题考查角度：词汇复现

点拨：词汇复现，是指某一词汇以原形、词形变化、同义词/近义词、反义词等重复出现在语篇中。解答此类试题，首先要根据前后句判断空格处的意思，此类试题多为同义句转换，虽然句式不同，但是表达的是同一个意思，此时就要注意与前句或后句意思相同或相近的字眼。

4-5题&7题&9-10题考查角度：逻辑推理

点拨：解答此类试题，要根据上下文之间逻辑关系进行推断，逻辑关系主要分为以下几种：因果关系、对比关系、让步关系、强调关系等。

8题考查角度：语法知识

点拨：解答语法知识类试题，首先辨别空缺处句子成分是辨析类、用法类、句型类还是动词的时态和语态，理清考查点，然后根据具体考查点分析句意和选项，最后进行选择。

【考查内容】

1题&3题考查名词词义辨析；

2题&7题考查副词词义辨析；

4-5题&10题考查动词及动词短语词义辨析；

6题考查形容词词义辨析；

8题考查反身代词词义辨析；

9题考查介词词义辨析。

keys: 41-45 CBCBA   46-50 BDADA

五、随堂巩固训练

A篇

There is an old saying：“Take the time to stop and smell the flowers．”I think we should also take the time to 41______ flowers．

My grandmother knew just 42_______ to do that．She grew flowers with earth，water and love，so her back garden was filled with beautiful flowers．She would smile when she saw the 43________ shine down on them．In her front garden she planted flowers，44________．You could see red，white，and yellow flowers in it．My mom and I used to walk 45______ them and enjoy their smells．Beautiful butterflies （蝴蝶） flew down on them．Grandma also cared for the wild flowers．She would send 46_______ and my brother out to pick flowers and would then turn them into delicious wine(酒)．

Grandma not only planted flowers in the gardens 47________ also planted flowers in our hearts．Her delicious dinners made with love encouraged us．Her sweet smile always made us 48________．Her hugs(拥抱) and kisses were the sunshine that kept our own love 49_______　　　　　　 day after day．

Take the time to plant a few flowers yourself today．Show your smiles，kindness and love．Plant your wishes，talents and pleasure．Make this 50______ brighter and brighter with your sunshine．

41．A．plant               B．water               C．buy                 D．sell
42．A．who                 B．when                C．how                 D．where
43．A．star                B．sun                 C．rain                D．wind
44．A．too                 B．either              C．then                D．though
45．A．at                  B．on                  C．with                D．around
46．A．me                  B．you                 C．him                 D．her
47．A．and                 B．so                  C．but                 D．or
48．A．happy               B．hungry              C．tired               D．angry
49．A．sleeping            B．growing             C．standing            D．losing
50．A．house               B．town                C．city                D．world．

B篇

The Sweetest Sight

 I was in  the most beautiful city in the world, yet I only wanted home. 

It was an amazing week for my husband and me –the trip of a lifetime. Months ago, when my husband told me that he would have a meeting in London. I expressed my  41  to go to Europe together with him. Then we asked his mother to   42 our two children and  started off. 

During the week’s time,   43  visited London and Paris –as much as we could, Big Ben, the Louvre and so on. All these were beautiful places we expected to see before. We really enjoyed ourselves. 

On our last night in Paris,  44  we enjoyed the night view(夜景) of the Eiffel Tower, my husband called home. His mother   45  the phone. I n a second, my husband’s face fell and he looked so worried. I could feel something   46  happened. 

 “What’s wrong?” I asked. 

He didn’t answer and continued to listen. A few minutes later, he said   47  to me that Tony, our seven-year-old son, had fallen off his bike and   48  his leg. He must be sent to hospital at once. 

At that moment, Paris suddenly lost its charm(魅力). 

“I don’t want to be here! I shouldn’t be here! I should be home   49   my kids!” 

We hurried back to our hotel and then to the airport … 

Finally, we got home. We rushed into our children’s bedroom. Seeing our two children, I suddenly realized the truth: there is no   50   sight(风景)in the world than your children’s faces that greet you at home. 

41. A. question  B. wish  C. step  D. place

42. A. look after  B. talk with  C. find out  D. wake up
43. A. he  B. she  C. we  D. they

44. A. after   B. since  C. though  D. because
45. A. shouted  B. finished  C. wrote  D. answered
46. A. ugly  B. useful  C. right  D. bad
47. A. hardly  B. clearly  C. sadly  D. truly

48. A. danced  B. broken  C. thrown  D. opened
49. A. toward  B. with  C. under  D. from
50. A. quieter  B. richer  C. sweeter  D. wider

C篇

When I was in Grade 7. I had no interest in history. I didn't listen carefully in class and couldn't   41  my homework on time. So I didn't do well in this   42  .

In the second term, there came a new history teacher. She was young and humorous. But I  43     had no passion (激情) for history. One day, she said, “We’ll have a test in the afternoon. Please prepare for it." Since I was not good at history, whenever I  44   a history exam, I had to cheat (作弊) . At that noon, I made lots of cheat sheets quietly.

In the afternoon I entered the classroom confidently, waiting for the exam to begin, soon my history teacher came in, along with our geography teacher.   45   both were mysterious smile on their faces. When the paper was    46    finally, all of us found it was just a piece of geography paper. “Oh, my god!” Some of us burst out. I became as   47    as a wooden chicken at once. Just then, our teac hers couldn’t help laughing loudly, which is just like a slap hitting    48   my face. I got 12 points that time.

Later, I realized that day was April Fool’s Day,  49    it wasn’t interesting for me at all. It was a deep   50    for me. I learned that if I didn’t study hard, I might be a real fool one day.
41. A. finish          B. help            C. prevent         D. keep
42. A. business        B. education       C. career          D. subject
43. A. just            B. seldom         C. still             D. never
44. A. took           B. played          C. spent           D. avoided
45. A. We            B. They           C. You            D. She
46. A. put on          B. taken off        C. handed out       D. picked up
47. A. silly           B. strong           C. clever          D. sad
48. A. on             B. in              C. of              D. over
49. A. or             B. so              C. and             D. but
50. A. lesson           B. game           C. trick             D. joke

专题突破1 - 完形填空