各种符号的英文读法

发布时间:2013-01-27 09:46:54

各种符号的英文读法

各种符号的英文读法

'exclam''!'

'at''@'

'numbersign''#'

'dollar''$'

'percent''%'

'caret''^'

'ampersand''&'

'asterisk''*'

'parenleft''('

'parenright'')'

'minus''-'

'underscore''_'

'equal''='

'plus''+'

'bracketleft''['

'braceleft''{'

'bracketright'']'

'braceright''}'

'semicolon'';'

'colon'':'

'quote''''

'doublequote''"'

'backquote''''

'tilde''~'

'backslash''\'

'bar''|'

'comma'','

'less''<'

'period''.'

'greater''>'

'slash''/'

'question''?'

'space'' '

hyphen 连字符

' apostrophe 省略号;所有格符号

— dash 破折号

single quotation marks 单引号

double quotation marks 双引号

( ) parentheses 圆括号

[ ] square brackets 方括号

Angle bracket

{} Brace

French quotes 法文引号;书名号

... ellipsis 省略号

¨ tandem colon 双点号

" ditto 同上

parallel 双线号

virgule 斜线号

ampersand = and

swung dash 代字号

§ section; division 分节号

arrow 箭号;参见号

plus 加号;正号

minus 减号;负号

± plus or minus 正负号

× is multiplied by 乘号

÷ is divided by 除号

is equal to 等于号

is not equal to 不等于号

is equivalent to 全等于号

is equal to or approximately equal to 等于或约等于号

is approximately equal to 约等于号

is less than 小于号

is more than 大于号

is not less than 不小于号

is not more than 不大于号

is less than or equal to 小于或等于号

is more than or equal to 大于或等于号

per cent 百分之…

per mill 千分之…

infinity 无限大号

varies as 与…成比例

(square) root 平方根

since; because 因为

hence 所以

equals, as (proportion) 等于,成比例

angle

semicircle 半圆

circle

circumference 圆周

π pi 圆周率

triangle 三角形

perpendicular to 垂直于

union of 并,合集

intersection of 交,通集

the integral of …的积分

(sigma) summation of 总和

° degree

minute

second

number …号

Celsius system 摄氏度

at 单价

x'x prime(比如转置矩阵)

x"x double-prime

A上面一个横杠:A bar

  A上面一个星星* A asterisk

  A上面一个波浪线~:A tilde

  A的厄米共轭(注意不是加号,那个竖比横长):A daggerdagger:短剑,匕首)

  

  

  偏微分符号(不好意思,打不出来) 有人把它读partial 或者d

  但这样读都不正规,最正规读法为round

  因为这个符号是法国人发明的,一开始就叫round

  

  倒三角符号(不好意思,打不出来2 读作nabla或者del

  读nabla的居多,后者在某些英文书里会见到。

  

  nabla符号本身具有不同的功能,当它按不同的乘法规则作用于函数时会分别得到

  梯度:grandient 符号为grad

  散度:divergence 符号为div

  此时可直接读作grandientdivergence of ...

  

  

  二、一些函数关系的读法

  

  AB的乘积 the ___ product of A and B

  (___中填乘积的性质,例如外积就填outer,内积就填inner)

  

  A乘以B A times B or A is multiplied by B

  

  A/B A over B B分之A的最普通读法

  f(x) f of x 函数f(x)

  exp(n) e to powers of n en次幂

三、 Pronunciation of Numerals 数词的读法

  1.Cardinals and Ordinals 基数和序数

  

  (1)100以内的数词

  基数 序数

  Roman Arabic

  Numerals Numerals

  罗马数字 阿拉伯数字 读法 数码 读法

  I 1 one 1st the first

  II 2 two 2nd the second

  III 3 three 3rd the third

  IV 4 four 4th the fourth

  V 5 five 5th the fifth

  VI 6 six 6th the sixth

  VII 7 seven 7th the seventh

  VIII 8 eight 8th the eighth

  IX 9 nine 9th the ninth

  X 10 ten 10th the tenth

  XI 11 eleven 11th the eleventh

  XII 12 twelve 12th the twelfth

  XIII 13 thirteen 13th the thirteenth

  XIV 14 fourteen 14th the fourteenth

  XV 15 fifteen 15th the fifteenth

  XVI 16 sixteen 16th the sixteenth

  XVII 17 seventeen 17th the seventeenth

  XVIII 18 eighteen 18th the eighteenth

  XIX 19 nineteen 19th the nineteenth

  XX 20 twenty 20th the twentieth

  XXI 21 twenty-one 21st the twenty-first

  XXV 25 twenty-five 25th the twenty-fifth

  XXX 30 thirty 30th the thirtieth

  XL 40 forty 40th the fortieth

  L 50 fifty 50th the fiftieth

  LX 60 sixty 60th the sixtieth

  LXX 70 seventy 70th the seventieth

  LXXX 80 eighty 80th the eightieth

  XC 90 ninety 90th the ninetieth

  IC 99 ninety-nine 99th the ninety-ninth

  C 100 one hundred 100th the hundredth

  CII 102 a hundred 102nd the (one) hundred

  and two and second

  246 two hundred and forty-six

  751 seven hundred and fifty-one

  

  (2)1000以上的数词

  1,000 = one thousand 一千

  10,000 = ten thousand 一万

  100,000 = one hundred thousand 十万

  1,000,000 = one million 一百万

  10,000,000 = ten million 一千万

  100,000,000=one hundred million 一亿

  

  (3)十亿以上的大数,英美有不同的读法:

  英国 美国

  十亿 one thousand million = one billion

  百亿 ten thousand million = ten billion

  千亿 one hundred thousand million = one hundred billion

  万亿 one billion = one trillion

  

  2.Fractions 分数

  

  通常将分子读为基数,将分母读为序数。

  1/2 = a (or one) half

  1/3 = a (or one) third

  1/4 = a quarter or one fouth

  1/5 = a (or one) fifth

  2/3 = two thirds

  9/10 = nine tenths

  53/4 = five and three quarters

  15/64= fifteen over (or by) sixty-four

  15% = fifteen per cent

  4 = four per mill

  

  3.Decimals 小数

  

  0.4 = zero (or nought) point four

  .01 = point (or decimal) nought one

  12.34 = twelve point three four

  567.809 = five hundred and sixty-seven point eight nought nine

  30.45 = thirty point four five, five recurring

  0.3% = decimal three percent

  

  4.Mathematic Forms 数学式

  

  (1) Addition 加法

  1+2=3 One and two are three.

  2+3=5 Two plus three equals five.

  4+0=4 Four and nought is equal to four.

  45+70+152=267 45,70 and 152 added are (or make) 267

  the sum (or total) is 267.

  演算时的读法: Three and seven are ten; I write(or I write down,or I put down)a nought

  and carry one. Four and one that I carry are five, and eight make thirteen,and three

  sixteen; I write down six and carry one. One and one (that I carry) are two; I put down

  two.- The sum (or total, or the result of the addition) is two hundred and sixty. 37,80

  and 143 added together, and(or make) 260.

  

  (2)Subtraction 减法

  9-4=5 Nine minus four equals (or is equal to) five.

  15-7=8 Seven from fifteen leaves eight.

  23,654-8,175=15,479 8,175 (take or subtracted) from 23,654 leaves 15,479. The difference

  (or The remainder) is 15,479.

  Nine from five won`t go.

  演算时的读法:Nought from nought (leaves) nought. One from one leaves nought (or nothing).

  Two from three (leaves) one. I can`t take (or subtract) five from four; I must borrow ten;

  five from fourteen leaves nine.- The difference (or The remainder) is nine thousand one

  hundred. 5210 (take or substracted) from 14,310 leaves 9,100.

  

  (3)Multiplication 乘法

  1×0=0 One multiplied by nought equals nought.

  1×1=1 Once one is one.

  2×1=2 Twice one is two.

  3×5=15 Three times five is fifteen

  6×0=0 Multiply six by nothing, and the result is nothing.

  演算时的读法: Five times nine (or Nine multiplied by five) are forty-five; I put down five

  and carry four. Five times seven are thirty-five and four (that I carry) are thirty-nine; I write

  down nine and carry three. Five times six make thirty and three (that I carry) thirty-three; I put

  down thirty-three.

  Eight times nine (or Eight nine) are seven two; I write two and carry seven. Eight sevens make

  fifty-six and seven are sixty-three. I put down three and carry six. Eight sixes make forty-eight

  and six fifty-four; I write down fifty-four.

  I now add the partial results (or products) Five. Two and nine are eleven. Three and three are

  six and one are seven. Four and three make seven. Five.

  

  (4)Division 除法

  9÷3=3 Nine divided by three maks (or is equal to) three.

  20÷5=4 Five into twenty goes four times.

  4567÷23=19813 23 into 4567 goes 198 times, and 13 remainder.

  The quctient is 198, and 13 remainder.

  演算时的读法: Fifteen into thirteen won`t go ; fifteen into one hundred and thirty-eight goes nine

  times; nine times fifteen are one hundred and threty-five; one hundred and thirty-five from one hundred

  and thirty-eight leaves three; I bring down seven; fifteen into thirty-seven goes twice; twice fifteen

  are thirty; thirty from thirty-seven leaves seven.

    The (exact) quotient is ninety-two, and seven remainder; 15 into 1387 goes 92 times, and 7 remainder.

  

  5.Time 时间

  

  (1)Hours 钟点

  2h.58" = two hours five minutes eight seconds 2小时58

  6.18 = six eighteen 618

  8.30 a.m.= eight thirty a.m.[ei em] 上午830

  the 6.05 p.m.train = the six (nought) five p.m.[pi:em] train 下午6时零5分列车

  又二十四小时混合制的写法和读法如下:

  0900 = 0 nine hunderd (上午)9

  0910 = 0 nine ten (上午)910

  1300 = thirteen hundred 13(下午1)

  1525 = fifteen twenty-five 1525(下午325)

  2000 = twenty hundred 20(下午8)

  at 5 oc =at five oclock 五点钟

  

  (2)Date 日期

  Oct.1 =October first 101

  Oct.1st = October the first 101

  Ist Oct. 1949 = teh first of October, nineteen forty-nine 1949101

  3/5 = []May (the) third 53日;[]March fifth 35

  [附注]联系日期前置词用on.

  

  (3)Year 年份

  684 B.C. =Six eighty-four B.C. [bi:si:] 公元前684

  1960 = nineteen sixty; nineteen hundred and sixty

  19- nineteen something

  1950s nineteen fifties 二十世纪五十年代

  [附注]联系年份的前置词用in.

  

  

  6.Numbers 号码

  

  (1)Telephones Numbers 电话号码

  1023 = one O two three; ten twenty-three

  1227 = one double two (or two two) seven

  0386 = O three eight six

  0096 = double O(or O O )nine six

  7000 = seven O double O = seven thousand

  No.26= Number 26 26

  Room 201 = Room two O one 201房间

  10 Changan Street = Ten Changan Street 长安街10

  

  (2)Writings 书籍作品

  Vol.I = Volume one (or the first volume) 卷一

  Chap.II= Chapter two (or the second chapter) 2

  Page 3 = page Three (or the third page) 3

  See pp.5-10 = See Pages five to ten 见第5-10

  Act V = Act five (or the fifth act) 5

  Hamlet III 1:56 = Hamlet Act Three, Secene One.Line fifty-six 《哈姆雷特》第3幕第一场第56

  Matt.7:12 = Matthew, Chapter Seven, Verse Twelve 《马可福音》第七章第12

  Beethoven Op.49 = Beethoven Opus forty-nine 贝多芬作品第49

  4to = quarto 四本开 8vo = octavo 八本开

  

  (3)Other 其他

  World War I = World War One 第一次世界大战

  World War II = World War Two 第二次世界大战

  Charles I= Charles the First 查理一世

  Henry V = Henry the Fifth 亨利五世

  Mr.- = Mr. Dash; Mr. So-and-so 某某先生

  Mr.B - = Mr. B

  -Esq.,of -= the town of Blank Esquire of Blank University 某大学某某先生

  the town ōf = the town of Blank 某某城

  The result of the game was 3-0 比赛结果是三比零。

  

  

  7.Money 货币

  

  (1)British currency 英币

  6d. = six pence 六便士

  1/2d. = a halfpenny 半便士

  11/2d. = a peney halfpenny or three halfpeny or three halfpence一便士半

  1/4d. = a farthing 一个铜元

  33/4d.= three pence three farghings 三便士三铜元

  1s.6d.(or 1/6) = one (shilling) and six (pence) 一先令六便士

  £1.18 = (or1.18s.)= one pound eighteen (shillings) 一镑十八先令

  £1.3s.6d. = one pound, three shillings (and) sixpence

  4/51/2(or4s.51/2d.) = four (shillings) and five pence halfpenny

  

  (2)U.S. currency

  ?1.20 dollar (and) twenty (cents) 美金一元二角

  ?4.25 = four dollars twenty-five cents 美金四元二角五分

  

  (3)Soviet currency 前苏联币

  6 Rb. 15 = six roubles fifteen kopecks 六卢布十五戈比

  

  (4) German currency 德币

  1 m. 60 = one mark sixty pfennig -马克六十芬尼

  

  (5)French currency 法国币

  1 fr.30 = one franc. thirty (centimes) -法郎三十生丁

  0 fr.15 = fifteen centimes 十五生丁

  

  (6) Chinese Peoples Currency 人民币

  ?1.50 = one yuan and a half 一元五角

  JMP 10.35 = JMP ten yuan thirty-five (fen) 人民币十元三角五分

  附注:yuan单复数没有变化:?也可作为日本本位币“圆”的符号。

  

  

  8. Weight and Measures 度量衡

  

  (1)length,area, and volume 长度、面积和容积

  3 in = three inches 三英寸

  15 ft.5 in = fifteen foot five (inches) 十五英尺五英寸

  [附注] 尤其在inches省略时, ft.读作foot;如果inches也念出来,ft可以读作fett.

  186 5/1"= eighteen foot six and a fifth (inches)

  10×8feet= ten by eight feet 十英尺长,八英尺宽

  5"×4×31/2 = five inches by four by three and a half 长五英寸,宽四英寸,高三英寸半

  [附注] 以上二例中,乘号×表示面积或容积。

  

  (2)Weight 重量

  12 dr. 23 gr.= Twelve drams twenty-three grains 十二打兰二十三喱

  10 oz. 4 dr. = Ten ounces four drams 十盎司打兰

  

  (3)Capacity 容量

  3 gi. = three gills 三及耳

  1 qt. 1 pt = one quart one pint 一夸脱一品脱

  [附注] qt.,pt. 的复数是qts.,pts.,也可以不加s.

  20 gal. 5 qt. =Twenty gallons five quarts 二十加仑五夸脱

  5 bu. 3 pk. = Five bushels three pecks 五蒲式耳三配克

大写 小写 英文注音 国际音标注音 中文注音

Α α alpha alfa 阿耳法

Β β beta beta 贝塔

Γ γ gamma gamma 伽马

Δ δ deta delta 德耳塔

Ε ε epsilon epsilon 艾普西隆

Ζ ζ zeta zeta 截塔

Η η eta eta 艾塔

Θ θ theta θita 西塔

Ι ι iota iota 约塔

Κ κ kappa kappa 卡帕

λ lambda lambda 兰姆达

Μ μ mu miu

Ν ν nu niu

Ξ ξ xi ksi 可塞

Ο ο omicron omikron 奥密可戎

π pi pai

Ρ ρ rho rou

σ sigma sigma 西格马

Τ τ tau tau

Υ υ upsilon jupsilon 衣普西隆

Φ φ phi fai

Χ χ chi khai

Ψ ψ psi psai 普西

Ω ω omega omiga 欧米伽

符号表 符号 含义

i -1的平方根

f(x) 函数f在自变量x处的值

sin(x) 在自变量x处的正弦函数值

exp(x) 在自变量x处的指数函数值,常被写作ex

a^x ax次方;有理数x由反函数定义

ln x exp x 的反函数

ax a^x

logba b为底a的对数; blogba = a

cos x 在自变量x处余弦函数的值

tan x 其值等于 sin x/cos x

cot x 余切函数的值或 cos x/sin x

sec x 正割含数的值,其值等于 1/cos x

csc x 余割函数的值,其值等于 1/sin x

asin x y,正弦函数反函数在x处的值,即 x = sin y

acos x y,余弦函数反函数在x处的值,即 x = cos y

atan x y,正切函数反函数在x处的值,即 x = tan y

acot x y,余切函数反函数在x处的值,即 x = cot y

asec x y,正割函数反函数在x处的值,即 x = sec y

acsc x y,余割函数反函数在x处的值,即 x = csc y

θ 角度的一个标准符号,不注明均指弧度,尤其用于表示atan x/y,当xyz用于表示空间中的点时

i, j, k 分别表示xyz方向上的单位向量

(a, b, c) abc为元素的向量

(a, b) ab为元素的向量

(a, b) ab向量的点积

a?b ab向量的点积

(a?b) ab向量的点积

|v| 向量v的模

|x| x的绝对值

Σ 表示求和,通常是某项指数。下边界值写在其下部,上边界值写在其上部。如j1100的和可以表示成:。这表示 1 + 2 + + n

M 表示一个矩阵或数列或其它

|v> 列向量,即元素被写成列或可被看成k×1阶矩阵的向量

被写成行或可被看成从1×k阶矩阵的向量

dx 变量x的一个无穷小变化,dy, dz, dr等类似

ds 长度的微小变化

ρ 变量 (x2 + y2 + z2)1/2 或球面坐标系中到原点的距离

r 变量 (x2 + y2)1/2 或三维空间或极坐标中到z轴的距离

|M| 矩阵M的行列式,其值是矩阵的行和列决定的平行区域的面积或体积

||M|| 矩阵M的行列式的值,为一个面积、体积或超体积

det M M的行列式

M-1 矩阵M的逆矩阵

v×w 向量vw的向量积或叉积

θvw 向量vw之间的夹角

A?B×C 标量三重积,以ABC为列的矩阵的行列式

uw 在向量w方向上的单位向量,即 w/|w|

df 函数f的微小变化,足够小以至适合于所有相关函数的线性近似

df/dx f关于x的导数,同时也是f的线性近似斜率

f ' 函数f关于相应自变量的导数,自变量通常为x

?f/?x yz固定时f关于x的偏导数。通常f关于某变量q的偏导数为当其它几个变量固定时dfdq的比值。任何可能导致变量混淆的地方都应明确地表述

(?f/?x)|r,z 保持rz不变时,f关于x的偏导数

grad f 元素分别为f关于xyz偏导数 [(?f/?x), (?f/?y), (?f/?z)] (?f/?x)i + (?f/?y)j + (?f/?z)k; 的向量场,称为f的梯度

? 向量算子(?/?x)i + (?/?x)j + (?/?x)k, 读作 "del"

?f f的梯度;它和 uw 的点积为fw方向上的方向导数

??w 向量场w的散度,为向量算子? 同向量 w的点积, (?wx /?x) + (?wy /?y) + (?wz /?z)

curl w 向量算子 ? 同向量 w 的叉积

?×w w的旋度,其元素为[(?fz /?y) - (?fy /?z), (?fx /?z) - (?fz /?x), (?fy /?x) - (?fx /?y)]

??? 拉普拉斯微分算子 (?2/?x2) + (?/?y2) + (?/?z2)

f "(x) f关于x的二阶导数,f '(x)的导数

d2f/dx2 f关于x的二阶导数

f(2)(x) 同样也是f关于x的二阶导数

f(k)(x) f关于x的第k阶导数,f(k-1) (x)的导数

T 曲线切线方向上的单位向量,如果曲线可以描述成 r(t), T = (dr/dt)/|dr/dt|

ds 沿曲线方向距离的导数

κ 曲线的曲率,单位切线向量相对曲线距离的导数的值:|dT/ds|

N dT/ds投影方向单位向量,垂直于T

B 平面TN的单位法向量,即曲率的平面

τ 曲线的扭率: |dB/ds|

g 重力常数

F 力学中力的标准符号

k 弹簧的弹簧常数

pi i个物体的动量

H 物理系统的哈密尔敦函数,即位置和动量表示的能量

{Q, H} Q, H的泊松括号

以一个关于x的函数的形式表达的f(x)的积分

函数f ab的定积分。当f是正的且 a < b 时表示由x轴和直线y = a, y = b 及在这些直线之间的函数曲线所围起来图形的面积

L(d) 相等子区间大小为d,每个子区间左端点的值为 f的黎曼和

R(d) 相等子区间大小为d,每个子区间右端点的值为 f的黎曼和

M(d) 相等子区间大小为d,每个子区间上的最大值为 f的黎曼和

m(d) 相等子区间大小为d,每个子区间上的最小值为 f的黎曼和

+:plus(positive正的)

-minusnegative负的)

*multiplied by

÷:divided by

=:be equal to

:be approximately equal to

():round brackets(parenthess)

[]:square brackets

{}:braces

:because

:therefore

:less than or equal to

≥:greater than or equal to

∞:infinity

LOGnX:logx to the base n

xn:the nth power of x

f(x):the function of x

dx:diffrencial of x

x+y:x plus y

(a+b):bracket a plus b bracket closed

a=b:a equals b

aba isn't equal to b

a>b:a is greater than b

a>>b:a is much greater than b

ab: a is greater than or equal to b

x→∞:x approches infinity

x2:x square

x3:x cube

√ ̄x:the square root of x

3√ ̄x:the cube root of x

3‰:three peimill

ni=1xi:the summation of x where x goes from 1to n

ni=1xi:the product of x sub i where igoes from 1to n

ab:integral betweens a and b

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各种符号的英文读法

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