26个字母中那些是元音字母?那些是辅音字母?如何发音呢?
发布时间:2020-08-26 22:43:21
发布时间:2020-08-26 22:43:21
26个字母那些是元音字母?那些是辅音字母呢?发音规律是什么呢?
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一、元音和辅音的分类:
1、英语中总共有多少个字母----26个字母。
2、26个字母分为两大类:元音字母和辅音字母
3、什么是元音字母呢?--元音字母总共有5个,分别是:
a,e,i,o,u
4、什么是辅音字母呢?--26个字母中除去5个元音字母,剩余的都是辅音字母。
Hh、 Jj 、Kk 、Bb、 Cc 、Dd、 Gg 、Pp 、Tt 、Vv 、Yy、 Qq 、Ww、 Ff 、Ll 、Mm 、Nn 、Ss 、Xx 、Zz 、Rr
5、元音和辅音顺口溜
每个音节一元音, 并连辅音两边分,
还有一点需注音, 字母组合不能分,
缺少元音无音节, 不算几个成节音。
二、元音和辅音的发音规律:
1、元音字母: A a [ei]、 E e [i:] 、 I i [ai]、O o [au]、U u [(j)u:]
2、辅音字母:Hh(喝)、 Jj(鸡) 、Kk(渴) 、Bb(菠)、 Cc(刺) 、Dd(的)、 Gg(歌) 、Pp(坡) 、Tt(特) 、Vv() 、Yy(医)、 Qq(期)、Ww(喔)、 Ff(佛) 、Ll(梨) 、Mm(摸) 、Nn(讷) 、Ss(思) 、Xx(诗) 、Zz(吱) 、 Rr(日)
3、元音字母的发音规律
元音 | 位置 | 读音 | 例词 | 例外 |
a | 重读开音节 | [ei] | cake base escape plane | have [æ] vase [a:] water[כ:] |
重读闭音节 | [æ] | fat trap flat exactly rapid dam | ||
非重读音节 | [ə] | again camera vacation vegetable | ||
[i:] | comrade village courage | |||
在[w]之后 | [כ] | want wash what wander | ||
sk,ss,st,th,ch,f,nc 之前 | [a:] | master ask task class glass father path after branch advance | ||
特殊情况 | [e] | any many anything anybody | ||
e | 重读开音节 | [i:] | be these she evil | |
重读闭音节 | [e] | net press gently accept level | ||
非重读音节 | [ə] | silence problem open children | ||
[i] | effect select develop before | |||
I(y) | 重读开音节 | [ai] | ripe alive wine arrive beside polite life smile surprise | give[i] live[i] pyramid[i] |
重读闭音节 | [i] | quiz sick dish sing dig film miss winter picture difficlt | ||
y在重读音节中 | [ai] | cycle sky shy why | ||
y在非重读音节中 | [i] | city copy empty every healthy | ||
nb,ld,mb前 | [ai] | mind kind blind find child climb | ||
非重读音节中 | [ə] | terrible horrible possible | ||
在下列单词中读作 | [i:] | police magazine machine technique | ||
o | 重读开音节 | [əu] | stone note programmed progress motor lonely smoke no joke | woman[u] women [i] |
重读闭音节 | [כ] | copy boss cloth fond long knock across common bomb | ||
n,m,v,th前 | [۸] | ton done come some love cover mother another other | ||
在以ld,st,th结尾的一些词中 | [əu] | hold fold told most almost both | ||
非重读音节 | [ə] | official position society freedom | ||
在下列单词中读 | [u:] | move prove lose whose tomb shoe do remove | ||
u | 重读开音节 | [ju:] | use duty computer reduce rescue tube Tuesday | true[u:] busy [i] bury[e] minute[i] |
重读闭音节 | [۸] | cup lunch bus hub | ||
[u] | put pull push full bullet | |||
非重读音节 | [ə] | until supply unless industry | ||
在开音节中,在辅音字母l,r,j后 | [u:] | blue rule ruler June July rude | ||
元音组合 | 位置 | 读音 | 例词 | 例外 | |
ar | 重读 | [a:] | mark carve article party market March farm hard | ||
在W后 | [כ:] | warm warn reward war | |||
非重读 | [ə] | grammar | |||
er | 重读 | [ə:] | service certain serve | ||
非重读 | [ə] | worker farmer teacher | |||
or | 重读 | [כ:] | form important corner horse | ||
在W后 | [ə:] | work word world worth | |||
非重读 | [ə] | mirror doctor forbid forget | |||
ur | 重读 | [ə:] | church Thursday nurse turn return | ||
非重读 | [ə] | surprise surround murmur | |||
ir | 重读 | [ə:] | thirsty dirty first girl | ||
i | ie | [i:] | piece thief field chief | diet[aiə] quiet[aiə] | |
[ai] | lie tie die | ||||
ire | [aiə] | wire inspire hire tire | |||
igh | [ai] | right fight night high bright light | |||
ai | 重读音节 | [ei] | tailor remain grain sail praise raise brain | said [e] |
非重读音节 | [i] | captain | ||
[ə] | certain | |||
au | [כ:] | cause | aunt [a:] | |
al | [כ:] | walk ball all talk | half [a:] alms [a:] | |
[כ:l] | always almost already although | |||
aw | [כ:] | draw dawn saw | ||
air | [eə] | fair affair hair upstairs | ||
are | [eə] | dare glare share compare careful | are[a:] | |
augh | [כ:] | taught caught daughter naughty | laugh[a:f] | |
ay | 重读音节 | [ei] | delay play say way today | says [e] |
非重读音节 | [i] | Sunday Monday | ||
u | ure | 重读音节 | [uə] | sure surely | |
非重读音节 | [ə:] | pleasure | |||
e | ea | [i:] | repeat leaf lead peace disease cream | ||
[e] | sweater thread headache heavy breakfast | ||||
特殊 | [ei] | great greatly break | |||
[iə] | real idea theatre | ||||
ee | [i:] | sleep freely weed steel degree | |||
ear | [iə] | appear clear near hear dear ear | heart [a:] | ||
[ə:] | heard learn earn early search | ||||
[eə] | wear bear swear pear | ||||
ei | [i] | receive seize ceiling | |||
ew | [ju:] | few new news | sew[əu] | ||
在[l],[r]后 | [u:] | blew flew threw drew | |||
ere | [eə] | there where | here [iə] | ||
ey | 重读音节 | [ei] | grey hey obey | key [i:] | |
非重读音节 | [i] | monkey donkey | |||
eigh | [ei] | weight eight eighty | |||
o | oa | [əu] | loaf road soap coat boat | broad[כ:] abroad[כ:] | |
oi | [כi] | voice noise point choice | |||
oy | [כi] | toy boy joy joyful | |||
oo | 在其他字母前 | [u:] | roof choose school shoot | wool[u] foot[u] | |
在k,d 前 | [u] | took look cook stood wood good | food[u:] flood [۸] blood [۸] | ||
oor | [כ:] | floor door | poor[uə] | ||
ou | [au] | pound rouse mountain trousers ground thousand | shoulder[əu] soul[əu] | ||
[۸] | couple cousin double country touch trouble | ||||
[u:] | route group routine soup | ||||
[u] | could should would | ||||
ough | [כ:] | fought bought brought thought | though[əu] plough [au] cough [כf] through[u:] thorough[ə] enough [۸f] | ||
ow | [au] | down brown flower | knowledge[כ] | ||
[əu] | bowl sow window row owner low show throw grow | ||||
4、辅音字母发音规则
辅音 | 位置 | 读音 | 例词 | 例外 |
b | 在m后或在t之前 | 不发音 | tomb climb doubt | |
其他情况 | /b/ | bed bob big | ||
c | 在 e, i, y前 | /s/ | centre city decide bicycle concert rice percent | |
在ia,ie,io 前 | /ʃ/ | social especial ancient | ||
在a,o,u,l 前在音节末 | /k/ | cave comfort color class cause capital cast | ||
g | 在其他字母前 | /g/ | gift girl goal glad glass | garage /ʒ/ get /g/ |
在e,i,y 前 | /dʒ/ | large general orange page | ||
在以n结尾的词中 | 不发音 | sign foreign | ||
h | 一般情况 | /h/ | hold heat hide hate huge | |
在个别词中 | 不发音 | honest hour honor forehead | ||
k | 一般情况 | /k/ | walk key kite | |
在n前 | 不发音 | know | ||
s | 词首 | /s/ | send save | |
在元音字母和元音字母之间 | /z/ | visit desire music | base /s/ | |
在词中清辅音前 | /s/ | past | ||
在词中浊辅音前 | /z/ | husband salesgirl | ||
在元音字母u,i前 | /ʃ/ | sure sugar Russia Asia | ||
在u,ion前 | /ʒ/ | pleasure usually occasion television | ||
n | 在其他字母前 | /n/ | corner nine nice line | |
在字母k,x,g前 | /ŋ/ | anxious think thank finger bank | strange /n/ | |
x | 在其他字母前 | /ks/ | except exhibition extract text | |
在元音字母前 | /gz/ | exam example exist exactly | ||
5、辅音字母组合发音规则
辅音字母组合 | 位置 | 读音 | 例词 | 例外 |
ch | /tʃ/ | channel choose check chalk change | sandwich / dʒ/ | |
/k/ | chemistry Christmas headache school | |||
/ʃ/ | machine moustache | |||
tch | /tʃ/ | match patch snatch | ||
th | /θ/ | think thank thing worth | ||
/ð/ | with although those this | |||
qu | /kw/ | quiz question quick quite | ||
ph | /f/ | telephone physics phrase | ||
ck | /k/ | package pick quick back | ||
kn | /n/ | knife know knowledge knock | ||
ng | /ŋ/ | something sing thing | ||
wr | 在其他字母前 | /r/ | wrong wretch wrap | |
wh | /w/ | wheel wheat whisper whistle white why | ||
在字母o前 | /h/ | whole whose who whom | ||
tion | 在词尾 | /ʃən/ | education station direction situation | |
在字母s后 | /tʃən/ | suggestion question | ||
sion | /ʒən/ | decision conclusion | ||
6、单词附加词尾的读音规则
词尾 | 位置 | 读音 | 例词 |
(e)s | 清辅音后 | /s/ | desks makes lamps looks |
浊辅音或元音后 | /z/ | pigs radios plays | |
/t/后 | /ts/ | students parents | |
/d/后 | /dz/ | reads beds | |
es | /ʃ//s//z/ /dʒ//tʃ/后 | /iz/ | washes boxes buses guesses taxes pages teaches houses |
ed | 清辅音后 | /t/ | washed walked asked missed jumped |
浊辅音或元音后 | /d/ | recognized called answered played copied | |
/t//d/后 | /id/ | wanted trusted landed needed | |
三、特殊发音--元音字母在重读音节中的读音
a
在开音节中[ei] name plane Jane baby cake
在闭音节中 [ae] bag dad hat map black back
e
在开音节中 [i:] he these me Chinese
在闭音节中 [e] bed let pen desk yes egg
i
在开音节中 [ai] bike fly drive time nice kite
在闭音节中 [i] fish big drink sit milk swim
o
在开音节中 [eu] those close go hoe home no
在闭音节中 [ɒ] clock not box shop sock
u
在开音节中 [ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday
在闭音节中 [ʌ] bus cup jump much lunch
在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音,例如:June blue ruler super
四、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
a
[e] China another woman breakfast
[i] orange courage village cabbage
e
[e] hundred student open weekend children
[i] chicken pocket begin
I
[e]/[i] holiday beautiful family animal
[ai] exercise satellite
o
[e] second tonight somebody welcome
[eu] also zero photo
u
[e] autumn difficult
[ju:] popular congratulation January
动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,
a读[ei]音,例如:operate
u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j l r s后面时,读[u(:)]音,例如:July influence February issue
五、开音节和闭音节的区别
1、音节按读音可以分为开音节和闭音节
开音节又可以分为绝对开音节和相对开音节
(1) 绝对开音节:是指一个元音音素后面没有辅音音素而构成的音节,例如:we, hi, yo-yo
(2) 相对开音节:是指一个元音音素后面有一个辅音音素(除r)之外,最后是一个不发音的e字母构成的音节,如:take, make
在开音节中,这个元音字母发“字母”本身音,例如hi|hai|, use|ju:z|
闭音节:指元音字母后面有辅音字母(辅音字母r除外)构成的音节,如:leg, cross
2)音节按重读可以分为重读音节和非重读音节
重读音节: 指在双音节或多音节词中有一个发音特别响亮的音节,叫重读音节,用重音符号“`”标于相应位置,其他音节为非重读音节,如begin |be’gin|,单音节词作重读处理,但不标重音符号.
“开音节”“闭音节”的定义是根据单词的拼写形式来定义的,不一定科学准确,确非常实用。
以不发音的e结尾的单词是开音节;以元音结尾的单词是绝对开音节。反之以辅音结尾的单词是闭音节。
给一个单词注音标的时候,首先判断是开音节还是闭音节。然后在单词里找元音。是开音节的,元音发它字母本身的音。是闭音节的,发它规定的音。(词尾是e的,e一般不发音。两个e除外。如:see)。反之由音标写单词也是一样,根据它的读音规则写出相应的单词。不规则单词除外
英语单词是由字母组成的,而字母又构成音节,音节的核心是元音,由一个或几个元音字母代表。根据单词所含的音节,把单词分为单音节词、双音节词和多音节词。怎样区分多音节单词的音节办法只有一个:那就是看一个单词的读音中有多少个元音音素。有多少个元音音素就有多少个音节。单词音节的个数是单词读音时元音音素的个数所决定的。但有一点需要交待一下,这里讲的规律并没有把成音节单词包含在内。成节音[l][m][n]在一些单词词尾音节中充当元音与相邻辅音也能构成音节。
六、音节划分可分下列几种情况:
1.在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅音字母(辅音字母组合ch,ck,sh,th等以及r除外),一般一个属前一音节,一个属后面音节。前面的重读音节按闭音节的规则读音,例:let-ter,Eng-lish,ap-ple。
注:
如果两个相同的辅音字母在一起并用时,只发一个辅音字母的音,如上例apple。
2.在两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅音字母时,一般这个辅音字母属后一音节,例:stu-dent,lo-tus。
3.在两个音节相邻处有两个r时,一个r属前一音节,一个r属后一音节,前面的元音节按闭音节读音,例:sor-ry,mar-ry,mir-ro。
4.相邻音节是元音字母+r+其它辅音字母时,元音字母+r属于前面的重读音节,可按r音节的规则读音,例:fur-ther, cir-cle。
5.相邻的音节是元音字母+r+其它元音字母时,r属于前面的重读音节(有时r也可属于后面的音节),按re音节的规则读音,例: fu-ry, dur-ing,ser-ious。
6.有字母组合的单词划分音节时,将字母组合划在一个音节内,千万不要将字母组合分隔开,例:neigh-bour,plea-sure,fea-ture。
7.辅音字母l,m,n等也可构成非重读音节,如ap-ple,bot-tle,noo-dle,o-ften等。
希望以上内容能够帮助到您,感谢查阅!