Unit 5

Pre-class Work

1. Paraphrase.

1) No. 8: The society has not treated the boy very well. Therefore we should at least talk a little bit before

we send him to the chair. That's all I want to do. Nothing else.

2) No. 9: I'm surprised to hear you say that as if dishonesty has ever been a characteristic peculiar to a

specific group.

3) No. 8: Nobady has to prove the kid is innocent. According to the principle of law, he is innocent untile

proven guilty, and he can only be convicted if his guilt is beyond reasonable doubt.

4) No. 4: These two slaps may have been beyond his limit of endurance. The boy has been kicked around

so often that he may have been reaching the breaking point when the two slaps come.

5) No. 8: If I were tried in court and the verdict would decide whether I would live or be executed, I would

want my lawyer to try his best to refute the prosecutor's evidence completely.

6) No. 3: Brother, you're really annoying. You sat here and voted guilty like the rest of us. And then, some

hypocritical person like a preacher said something with his affected language and voice, you just began

to show your sympathy for the boy and then changed your vote. This is the most disgusting... I suggest

you go to the church or some other charity institution to contribute some money, which will be more

direct and virtuous.

2. Learn to use reference books.

l) Find the proper definition of the following in the text.

(1) charge: to accuse sb. of sth. esp. formally in a court of law

(2) term: a period of times

(3) state: condition or circumstances

(4) plain: simply

(5) blade: knife (edge)

(6) jam: to squeeze sth. into a space so that it cannot move out

(7) bright: smart, clever

(8) hang: to make (a jury) unable to reach a unanimous decision

(9) given: fixed

2) Find the synonyms and antonyms of the following in a thesaurus.

(1) fantastic:

synonyms: marvelous, extremely good, wonderful, sensational, terrific, fabulous, superb, great

antonyms: reasonable, sensible, credible, ordinary, common, moderate

(2) peculiar:

synonyms: odd, queer, strange, unusual, abnormal, unconventional, weird, eccentric, bizarre

antonyms: common, general, universal, usual, ordinary, conventional, familiar

3. Word-building.

1) Give the corresponding nouns of the following.

(1) handle/handling (2) charge (3) accusation

(4) supposition (5) disagreement (6) mixture/mix

(7) refutation (8) provocation (9) commitment

(10) divergence

2) Give the corresponding verbs of the following.

(I) to try (2) to prosecute (3) to mug

(4) to allege (5) to guard (6) to sicken

(7) to preach (8) to elevate (9) to tear

(10) to bear (11) to accomplish (12) to excite

(13) to coincide (14) to forge

More Work on the Text

II. Vocabulary

1. Translate.

1) into Chinese.

(1)犯严重错误 (2)负责处理该案 (3)出庭作证

(4)提供证据 (5)验明凶器 (6)抹去指印

(7)进行盘问 (8)付诸表决 (9)要求表决

(10)以不记名投票方式表决 (11)投票赞成或反对 (12)投票认为有罪

(13)作出判决 (14)判决某人死刑 (15)成功地耍一个花招

(16)堵塞河流

2) into English.

(1) to quote the Bible (2) to list all the reasons

(3) to dial the phone number (4) to define the word

(5) to serve a jail term (6) to owe someone an apology

(7) to refute an argument (8) to test the sharpness of a knife

(9) to clear one's throat (10) to miss the point

(11) to set a time limit . (12) to make a rule

(13) to split the rent (14) to pass a given point

(15) to tear something to shreds/pieces (16) to get back to the point

(17) to stab (somebody) in the back

2. Give synonyms and antonyms of the following.

1) Give synonyms.

(1) evident, clear, plain, distinct, conspicuous

(2) feeble, weak, inadequate, poor

(3) to cry out, to shout, to scream

(4) normal, usual, common, routine

(5) threat, danger

(6) legal advisor, lawyer, attorney

(7) proof, material proof, grounds, fact

(8) disreputable people, scum, loafers

(9) dirty, unclean, rotten

(10) disagreement, quarrel, dispute

(11) smart, wise, clever, intelligent

(12) to thrust, to stick in, to stuff

(13) unbelievable, remarkable, amazing

(14) to differ, to disagree, to separate

(15) to achieve, to carry out, to do, to perform, to realize, to attain, to fulfill

(16) proposal, suggestion, recommendation, plan

(17) disgusting

(18) decision, judgment, opinion

(19) intolerable, unacceptable, unthinkable

(20) trait, quality, feature

2) Give antonyms.

(1) inaccurate (2) proud (3) calm, cool

(4) innocent (5) to deny (6) defense

(7) insensitive (8) strong, solid (9) to disprove, to refute

(10) impersonal (11) dishonest (12) irregular

(13) negative (14) abnormal

3. Translate.

1) Our company was heavily in debt when he took over. We owed the bank about 10 million.

2) Lao Song, I owe you an apology. The other day I really behaved like a fool.

3) People know very well that they owe everything they have today to the reform and open policy.

4) Why did their boat invade our territorial waters? They owe us an explanation at least.

5) He claimed to have two Ph.D degrees from two universities.

6) Both sides claimed to have won the competition.

7) The Taipings took the city finally. But the battle claimed one of their best leaders.

8) These patients won the claim of 50 million dollars for their damaged health.

9) This otherwise wonderful manager is a womanizer.

10) Her otherwise perfect family only has one problem: Her little daughter is handicapped.

11) The Congress will vote on this new tax law sometime next week. The exact time has not yet been

fixed.

12) Big business will vote for that party. They won't vote otherwise.

13) After a heated discussion, they finally put it to a vote. The vote was three to four in Bush's favor.

14) John Kennedy was the first Catholic in US history to be voted into the White House.

15) In the stock market, people often vote with their feet.

16) The problems we now have remind us that social justice is just as important as economic prosperity.

17) That day she forgot to remind her husband to get his car fixed.

18) The story reminded me of many terrible things that happened in the so-called "cultural revolution."

4. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word.

1) down 2) in 3) on, off 4) out 5) out 6) out

7) over 8) over 9) away with 10) with, without 11) into, in 12) with

6. Choose the right words in their proper forms.

I) (1) sensible (2) sensitive (3) sensitive (4) sensible

2) (1) excited (2) excitable (3) exciting (4) excited

3) (1) charged, charged (2) accused (3) charge (4) accusation

4) (1) admitted/acknowledge (2) admit/acknowledge (3) acknowledge (4) acknowledge

(5) admitted

Translate with special attention to the different meanings of the same word or words

which happen to have the same spelling.

1)你能不能用简单的英语把它说明白一些?

2)西班牙的雨量集中在平原地区。

3)她相貌平平，但心肠很好。

4)除了武装警察，还有很多便衣。

5)我不明白他为什么这么做，这太愚蠢了。

6)第一季度进口增长了百分之十。

7)我现在居无定所。等我安顿下来马上告诉你我的地址。

8)这个男孩真该五马分尸。(查尔斯·狄更斯)

9)你正是我想找的那个人。(我正要找你!)

10)过了这座桥，再往南走十分钟左右，离这里两个街区远。

11)林黛玉含着眼泪把她所有的诗稿都撕得粉碎，扔到了火里。

12)如果你认为这句话不对，就打个叉。

13)她很生气，因为她知道这最近的路塞车，她就要迟到了。

8. Choose the best word or phrase for each blank from the four supplied in brackets.

(1) Because of (2) affairs (3) words

(4) already (5) thought (6) between

(7) agreements (8) out (9) transferring

(10) relationships (11) public (I 2) that

(13 ) presents (14) arising (15) legal

lII. Grammar

1. Understand grammar in context.

Study these sentences and find out the grammatical function of each of the italicized gerund phrase.

The gerund has exactly the same form as the present participle. However, while the latter has the functions

of the adjective or the adverb, the former always functions as a noun. Gerunds denote activities in a

general way. They cannot be used with numbers and such determiners as "this" and "that".

1), 2), 3) prepositional object

4) prepositional object

knife-fighting: part of a compound word which is used as prepositional object

5), 6) objects of verbs "

7) going...: object of verbs

being hit several times by his father: prepositional object

8) prepositional object

9) Keeping to myself: subject

not forming attachments: prepositional object

10) object of a verb with a possessive pronoun referring to the performance of the action it denotes

11) prepositional object

12) prepositional object with a possessive pronoun referring to the performer of the action it denotes

13) prepositional object

14) subject of the object clause

15) dealing in...: object of a verb:

designing, assembling and marketing his own: object of a verb

16) prepositional object

2. Complete the sentences by translating the Chinese in brackets, using the construction of

preposition + gerund phrases.

1) by typing messages to each other

2) far from being the center of the universe

3) without being recognized

4) on arriving at the airport

5) After finishing college

6) without ever knowing

7) Instead of spending her energy on her studies

8) by babysitting for a neighbor after school

9) before leaviqg his office

10) for taking him .to hospital in time for emergency treatment

ii) In/While sorting out his father's manuscript

12) through/from reading their compositions

3. Complete the sentences.

1) Choose the fight form of the verb in brackets--gerund or infinitive.

(1) watching (2) selling '(3) to launch

(4) (to) secure (5) wondering (6) to save

(7) feeling (8) being, being/to be (9) to answer

(10) having (ll) to say (12) asking

(13) starting (14) to invest/investing (15) treating, using

2) Choose between the "noun ~ to-infinitive" construction and the "noun + of + gerund".

(1) of telling (2) to do (3) of writing -

(4) of being discovered (5) to organize (6) of making money/to make money

(7) to thank (8) of owning (9) to become

(1 O) to practice ( 11 ) of running and dieting (12) of looking after

(13) to help (14) to open, (to) read (15) of living

Note: The choice between the infinitive and "of + gerund" is a matter of idiomatic usages rather than that

of grammar. Students are encouraged to observe the choice of those native speakers whose writings can be

used as safe models of good English.

4. Translate the sentences using gerunds.

1) The old lady resents being referred to as a busybody.

Or: The old lady does not like being called a busybody.

2) "I appreciate your offering to go and tell the parents about the accident." The principal told me.

(Note: "Offer" is also correct.)

3) The cheat thought being dressed like a policeman would make us trust him. But he looked like a

swindler just the same.

4) It's important to know what it is that you don't know, and asking questions is the way.

5) Foreign journalists in the country often complain about being suspected of spying.

6) I reviewed my lessons by first reading the texts over and then trying to retell them in my own words.

7) There are many ways to get data into a computer. Processing the data is accomplished within the computer

itself.

8) Being a guest on a talk show requires wit, eloquence, and insight.

9) Today, by using telecommunications equipment, CEOs can preside over meetings without leaving from

their desks.

10) I can understand your hopping from job to job in search of something you really love doing, but your

rejecting such a generous offer--no!

5. Put the verb in brackets in the right form, adding modals where necessary.

1) looks, shining, seems, looking, seems, taken

2) finding out, is generally divided

3) Protecting, dumped, may/might end up, flowing, Protecting

4) shopping, be, revealing, shipping

5) can be described, to make/making, (to) take on/taking on, are said, to have entered, to take care of,

working, resting, remembering, doing, had, to do

6. Complete each of the following sentences with the most likely answer.

1) D 2) A 3) C 4) A 5) B 6) B 7) C 8) D 9) D 10) A

ll)B 12)A 13)C 14)C 15)B

IV. Written Work

Translate the passage into English.

In some countries in the West, there is a principle guiding a criminal court: The court must prove the

accused person's guilt beyond reasonable doubt. In other words, the accused is held innocent until proved

guilty. Reasonable doubt refers to the doubt that could arise in the mind of an ordinary, impartial, honest,

reasonable and cautious person with reference to the accused's guilt.

In theory, the concept of holding the accused innocent until proved guilty makes sure that a case is not

misjudged and that an innocent person is not unjustly treated. In the one-act play Twelve Angry Men, Juror

No. 8 uses this concept to save the boy's life. He raises one reasonable doubt after another until the other

jurors agree that there is no evidence to prove that the boy is guilty.

However, in many other cases, this practice may also help criminals to escape punishments. If a criminal

is very rich, he can hire very competent lawyers to defend him. If his lawyers are experienced and steeped

in the law, and ready to defend anyone for money, it wouldn't be too difficult for them to pick holes in the

testimony of the witnesses and raise "reasonable" doubts. Moreover, a lawyer is trained to ignore questions of

right and wrong, guilt or innocence, and try to find ways to keep his client out of court and out of jail.

现代大学英语精读3 - unit - 5课后答案