课时提升作业 十二

必修3　 Unit 2　Healthy eating

(限时35分钟)

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

A

The effect of drinking coffee on health has long been a subject of conflict and uncertainty. Since the 1980s, some have spoken out against coffee as harmful to health, while others have welcomed coffee for its supposed benefits to health.

According to a scientific report, mild coffee consumption, three to five cups per day, can be taken as a healthy dietary pattern, along with other healthful behaviors. The report also says that coffee consumption helps reduce the risk of heart disease and it protects against Parkinson’s disease.

According to Dr. Donald Hensrud of Mayo Clinic, high consumption of coffee has health risks. Dr. Hensrud mentions the dangers of high coffee consumption for people with a certain illness that slows the breakdown of caffeine in the body. Some studies said that drinking two or more cups of coffee daily can actually increase the risk of heart disease in these people.

According to conclusions from a recent study led by Dr. Gregory Marcus, a doctor from the University of California San Francisco, daily moderate consumption of caffeine, less than 4 cups, is not associated with these issues.

Until the scientific community reaches a general agreement on the effects of coffee consumption on human health, it will be up to the individual to decide whether the benefits of drinking coffee are greater than the risks.

When informed of these possible health benefits and harms of drinking coffee, Harwood, a high school student stated, “Even though there might be some negative effects of drinking coffee, for the most part, coffee drinking sounds good for health. Not to mention I need coffee to stay awake. ”

【文章大意】本文讲述的是每天饮用适量的咖啡对身体有益, 过度饮用咖啡则会对身体健康造成危害, 并引发一些疾病。

1. What is the people’s attitude towards the effect of coffee on health according to Paragraph 1?

A. Disapproving. 　　　　　 B. Tolerant.

C. Doubtful. D. Mixed.

【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第一段第二句话可知, 一些人抵制, 认为咖啡有害健康; 而另外一些人则支持, 认为咖啡对健康有益, 由此可判断出, 人们的观点是好坏兼有的。

2. What does the underlined word “moderate” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?

A. Personal. B. Slight.

C. Reasonable. D. Heavy.

【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据第二段“three to five cups per day, can be taken as a healthy dietary pattern, along with other healthful behaviors. ”可知, 每天3~5杯咖啡, 被认为是健康的, 再结合本句中的“less than 4 cups, is not associated with these issues”可判断出, 少于4杯属于适量摄入, 故moderate的意思应该是“适量, 合理的”。

3. What can we infer about Harwood?

A. He’ll keep on drinking coffee.

B. He loves his high school life.

C. He often falls asleep in class.

D. He has some health problems.

【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段中Harwood所说的话可知, 大多数情况下, 喝咖啡对健康有好处。更不用说, 他需要咖啡来保持清醒。由此可以推断出, Harwood还会继续喝咖啡。

4. What would be the best title for the text?

A. People’s Love for Coffee

B. Coffee’s Effect on Health

C. The Culture of Coffee Drinking

D. The New Findings of Heart Disease

【解析】选B。主旨大意题。本文主要讲述的是咖啡对人体健康的影响。适量饮入咖啡对身体有益, 过度则影响身心健康。

【知识拓展】coffee背景知识
　　咖啡是一种饮料, 世界三大饮料之一。全球贸易量仅次于石油, 在世界上它是一种比茶更流行的饮料。咖啡绝对不仅仅只是一种速溶的、味道单调的饮料, 也不只是加了很多牛奶、糖、冰块等的咖啡味道的饮料; 咖啡是一种可以细细品尝、慢慢感受的东西, 就像中国的茶一样富有丰富的滋味。

B (2018·河南八市模拟)

The world’s population is projected to reach 11 billion by the end of the century.

Feeding that many people will be a challenge, and it is further complicated by the impact of climate change on agriculture. That is why some people advocate an unusual way to boost the food supply and feed people sustainably by eating less meat and more insects.

About 2 billion people already eat bugs. Mexicans enjoy chilly-toasted grasshoppers. Thais tuck into cricket stir-fries and Ghanaians snack on termites. Insects are slowly creeping on to Western menus as novelty items, but most people remain squeamish(拘谨).

Yet there are three reasons why eating insects makes sense.

First, they are healthier than meat. There are nearly 2, 000 kinds of edible insects, many of them packed with protein, calcium, fiber, iron and zinc. A small serving of grasshoppers can contain about the same amount of protein as a similar sized serving of beef, but has far less fat and far fewer calories.

Second, raising insects is cheap, or free. Little technology or investment is needed to produce them. Harvesting insects could provide livelihoods to some of the world’s poorest people.

Finally, insects are a far more sustainable source of food than livestock. Livestock production accounts for nearly a fifth of all greenhouse-gas emissions, that’s more than transport. By contrast, insects produce relatively few greenhouse gases and raising them requires much less land and water. And they eat almost anything.

Despite all this, most Westerners find insects hard to swallow.

One solution is to use protein extracted from bugs in other products such as ready meals and pasta sauces. Not having to look at the bugs and emphasizing the environmental benefits might make the idea of eating insects a bit more palatable.

【文章大意】本文主要谈论的是由于未来人口的持续增长, 导致食物供应不足, 所以有人提议吃昆虫, 并且对吃昆虫的好处进行了说明。

5. What is the direct reason why some people advocate eating insects?

A. Insufficient food supply.

B. Climate change.

C. The rapid increase of population.

D. Insects’ high nutrition.

【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段Feeding that many people will be a challenge, and it is further complicated by the impact of climate change on agriculture. That is why some people advocate an unusual way to boost the food supply and feed people sustainably by eating less meat and more insects. 可知, 一些人提倡吃昆虫的最直接的原因就是食物供应不足。

6. From the passage, we can infer that ________.  

A. eating insects is healthier than eating beef

B. eating insects is popular among westerners

C. eating insects can help people lose weight

D. eating insects causes less damage to the environment

【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据By contrast, insects produce relatively few greenhouse gases and raising them requires much less land and water. And they eat almost anything. 可推断出, 人类吃昆虫对环境造成的危害更少。

7. How can we make it more acceptable to eat insects?

A. By closing your eyes when eating insects.

B. By eating insects together with other food.

C. By putting insects’ nutrients into other food products.

D. By considering the environmental benefits of eating insects.

【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据One solution is to use protein extracted from bugs in other products such as ready meals and pasta sauces. Not having to look at the bugs and emphasizing the environmental benefits might make the idea of eating insects a bit more palatable. 可知, 把昆虫的营养放入其他食物里, 这样我们更容易接受吃昆虫。

Ⅱ. 完形填空

I allowed myself to receive these flowers. They were 　1　 to me by our local florist(花商). I had placed an order with him for flowers to be delivered to a close

　2　 overseas. For reasons 　3　 to us, the flowers were never delivered and after many 　4　with the overseas supplier with no 　5　, we canceled the 　6　 at last.  

My florist called to 　7　 and said he wanted to send me some flowers to 　8　 the mistake. Even if I assured him it wasn’t his 　9　 in my order, he 　10　 he wanted to send me flowers. We went back and forth on this and 　11　 I realized this was something that would make him feel 　12　 and that I should just say thank you and let him 　13　 it!  

I am always saying allowing ourselves to 　14　. It took me a while here to

　15　 what I said!  

Having learnt the story, my friend overseas said perhaps the universe felt I needed the 　16　 more. She made me smile.  

Immediately after writing this passage, I received a(n) 　17　 from this friend, telling me she had just received my flowers! In fact, our emails 　18　, because I had sent her a copy of my passage at the same time she sent me her email!  

When I called my florist, he told me he would not charge me for the flowers because he was sorry for the 　19　 I had with my order!  

Looks like the universe wanted 　20　 of us to have flowers!  

【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。有一次作者给海外朋友寄花时, 由于意外情况花并没有送到。花商因为愧疚决定送花给作者, 而作者一直不愿意接受。最后作者才发现接受可以使对方心安, 从而告诉我们, 生活中要学会接受。

1. A. sent　　 B. sold　　 C. donated　　 D. showed

【解析】选A。前后照应题。根据第二段中My florist. . . said he wanted to send me some flowers to make up for the mistake. 可知, 花商送给作者花以表达歉意。故选A。

2. A. relative B. friend

C. teacher D. colleague

【解析】选B。词汇复现题。根据第四段中Having learnt the story, my friend overseas. . . 可知, 作者想要送花给一位海外的朋友。故选B。

3. A. impossible B. unfair

C. unknown D. obvious

【解析】选C。词语辨析题。作者和当地的花商不知道为什么所订的花一直没有送达朋友处。unknown未知的。

4. A. appointments B. agreements

C. challenges D. contacts

【解析】选D。词语辨析题。根据语境可知, 此处应该表示“与海外供应商联系”。contact联系。

5. A. expectation B. suggestion

C. discussion D. results

【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。根据后文中we canceled the order at last 可知, 与海外供应商多次联系之后, 没有任何结果。

6. A. order B. journey

C. invitation D. request

【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。作者最终取消订单。order订单。

7. A. congratulate B. greet

C. apologize D. complain

【解析】选C。词语辨析题。订单被迫取消, 花商打电话向作者表示歉意。

8. A. get rid of B. make up for

C. put up with D. take advantage of

【解析】选B。词语辨析题。花商送花是为了弥补自己所犯的错误。get rid of摆脱; make up for弥补; put up with提出; take advantage of利用。

9. A. excuse B. fault

C. responsibility D. business

【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。即使我安慰他说这个订单并非他的错。fault错误, 过失。

10. A. insisted B. predicted

C. realized D. pretended

【解析】选A。前后照应题。根据前文中Even if I assured him. . . 可知, 尽管作者确定花商没有过失, 但他坚持要送给作者一些花。

11. A. finally B. naturally

C. immediately D. gradually

【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。多次来回推让, 最后作者意识到, 接受会使他感受更好, 作者应该说声谢谢你, 让他送!

12. A. worse B. poorer C. busier D. better

【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。作者接受礼物会使花商的愧疚少一点, 心情好一点。

13. A. leave B. go C. do D. fail

【解析】选C。词语辨析题。作者决定让花商送给自己一些花。

14. A. present B. share

C. receive D. collect

【解析】选C。前后照应题。根据文章第一句话I allowed myself to receive和后文中It took me a while here to practice what I said可知, 作者一直认为要允许自己接受给予的礼物。

15. A. reply to B. practice

C. correct D. take back

【解析】选B。词语辨析题。这一次作者践行了自己所说的话。practice践行。

16. A. flowers B. friendship

C. money D. appreciations

【解析】选A。词汇复现题。当作者的朋友知道了这个故事时, 她说上天可能觉得作者更需要花。

17. A. gift B. warning

C. letter D. email

【解析】选D。前后照应题。根据后文中our emails crossed, because I had sent her a copy of my passage at the same time she sent me her email可知, 作者的朋友给她发了一封电子邮件。

18. A. were lost B. sank

C. were refused D. crossed

【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。根据后面的at the same time she sent me her email可知, 作者和朋友的邮件相互交叉了。

19. A. satisfaction B. convenience

C. trouble D. sorrow

【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。当作者打电话给花商时, 他告诉作者, 他不会收作者的钱, 因为他很抱歉因为订单带给作者的麻烦。

20. A. either B. both C. all D. none

【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。最终的结果是作者与朋友两个人都拥有了花。

【知识拓展】词汇积累
1. deliver v. 递送, 交付
2. supplier n. 供应商
3. assure v. 使相信, 使确信
4. back and forth来回地
5. charge v. 要(价), 收(费), 要(人)支付(钱)

Ⅲ. 语法填空 (2018·合肥模拟)

　　阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Many of my friends like fall and take it as their favorite season. Last weekend, I went outdoors and soon 1. ________ (find) a deeper appreciation for this season.  

The change of leaf colors is a common reason given 2. ________ the love of fall. Each tree reacts 3. ________(different) to the change of the season. Some shed their leaves in hopes of reproducing; however, other 4. ________(tree) remain green for as long as possible to gain additional energy from the sun to survive the winter. This effect 5. ________(call) the flight-or-fight response.  

Fall is a time of 6. ________(reflect) and preparation for the year ahead. I have found a meaning of fall for me. I’m 7. ________ 18 year-old boy in the final year of high school and my life is a work in progress. There are times I want to give up, but then I look around me and realize life keeps 8. ________(move). The natural cycle of life is beautiful and doesn’t stop growing so I have to learn to keep up.  

The meaning of fall is different for each person. I encourage you 9. ________ (go) out to follow some path or sidewalk and discover 10. ________ fall means to you.  

【文章大意】本文主要介绍了作者喜欢秋天的种种原因。

1. 【解析】found。考查谓语动词的时态。根据时间状语Last weekend可知, 此处描述的是过去发生的行为, 故要用一般过去时。

2. 【解析】for。考查介词。固定搭配the reason for. . . ……的原因。

3. 【解析】differently。考查副词。此处修饰动词reacts要用副词differently。

4. 【解析】trees。考查名词复数。tree为可数名词, 故此处要用复数形式。

5. 【解析】is called。考查谓语动词的时态和语态。这种效应被称为“逃跑或战斗”反应。主语This effect与动词call之间为被动关系, 且为一个客观事实, 故要用一般现在时的被动语态形式。

6. 【解析】reflection。考查名词。作介词of的宾语, 且与preparation并列。

7. 【解析】an。考查不定冠词。一个18岁的男孩。an用来修饰以元音音素开头的单词。

8. 【解析】moving。考查动词的-ing形式。固定表达keep doing. . . 一直做某事, 继续做某事。

9. 【解析】to go。考查不定式。固定表达encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事。

10. 【解析】what。考查宾语从句。秋天对你意味着什么。根据句子结构可知, 宾语从句中动词means缺少宾语, 故要用what。

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