常见动词过去式过去分词的变化规则

动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。

一、规则变化:

1.一般情况直接加ed，如ask—asked, work—worked

2.以不发音的e结尾，只加d，如love—loved, dance—danced

3.以辅音字母加y结尾，把y变为i，再加ed，如try—tried, study—studied

4.以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读闭音节结尾的动词(以重读闭音节或r音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母),先双写末尾这个辅音字母,再加ed,如stop—stopped,permit—permitted注：A.以l结尾的动词,尾音节重读时,双写l,如control—controlled;尾音节不重读时,双不双写都可以，如travel—traveled(美)/travelled(英)。

B.特例:

picnic—picnicked—picnicked(去野餐),traffic—trafficked—trafficked（交易,在…通行）另外,还有很多动词的过去式和过去分词是不合乎上述规则的,需要熟记.(见后)

C.读音与说明:

①.-ed在清辅音音素后发音为[t]: helped, liked, finished, fetched, stopped, clapped①.-ed在浊辅音和元音后发音为[d]: believed, changed, planned, preferred, followed,stayed

①.-ed在[t]、[d]后发音为[id]: wanted, needed, admitted, permitted

二、不规则变化

⒈A---A---A型（现在式、过去式、过去分词同形）

动词原形（现在式）过去式过去分词

cost cost cost花费

cut cut cut割，切

hit hit hit打

let let let让

put put put放下

read read read读

hurt hurt hurt伤

⒉A---A---B型（现在式和过去式同形）

beat beat beaten打

⒊A---B---A型（现在式和过去分词同形）

come came come来

become became become变

run ran run跑

⒋A ---B ---B型

⑴在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。

burn burnt burnt燃烧

learn learned/learnt learned/learnt学习

mean meant meant意思

hear heard heard听见

⑵把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t”构成过去式或过去分词。

build built built建筑

lend lent lent借给

lose lost lost失去

send sent sent送

spend spent spent花费

⑶其他

pay paid paid付

lay laid laid下蛋

say said said说

bring brought brought带来

buy bought bought买

think thought thought想catch caught caught抓住

teach taught taught教

fight fought fought战斗

sleep slept slept睡

keep kept kept保持

sweep swept swept扫

stand stood stood站

understand understood understood明白

win won won得胜

shine shone/shined shone/shined发光

feel felt felt觉得

find found found发现

get got got得到

hang hanged/ hung hanged/ hung绞死，挂

have had had有

hold held held盛，握

leave left left离开

make made made制造

meet met met遇见

sell sold sold卖

shoot shot shot射击

tell told told告诉

smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled嗅，闻

sit sat sat坐

dig dug dug挖

⒌A---B---C型（现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同）

⑴在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词。

eat ate eaten吃

fall fell fallen落下

steal stole stolen偷

give gave given给

freeze froze frozen冻结

take took taken拿

see saw seen看见

write wrote written写

ride rode ridden骑

drive drove driven驾驶

throw threw thrown抛，扔

blow blew blown吹

grow grew grown生长

know knew known知道

fly flew flown飞

draw drew drawn拉，绘画

show showed shown展示

⑵过去式加-n或-en构成过去分词。

speak spoke spoken说话

break broke broken破碎，折断

wake waked/ woke waked/ waken醒

choose chose chosen选择

forget forgot forgotten忘记

⑶变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）。

begin began begun开始

ring rang rung按铃

sing sang sung唱

sink sank sunk沉

swim swam swum游泳

drink drank drunk饮

⑷其他不规则动词的变化。

be(am,is) was/ were been是

be(are) were been是

do did done做

go went gone去

lie lay lain躺

wear wore worn穿

（完整版）常见动词过去式过去分词的变化规则