动词-ing形式做定语和状语

一．定语

是修饰___词.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名 词之_____；短语和从句作定时则放在它所修饰的名词之_____。

V-ing 形式作定语有以下几种情况：

1、表示其动作是其所修饰的名词发出的，与所修饰的名词是主动关系。单个的V-ing形式作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的_____面；V-ing短语作定语时，一般放在被修饰词的______面。

2 表示物体的用途。

It is a bad habit to waste drinking water.

3、表示所修饰的名词正在进行的动作,与所修饰的名词构成主动关系。

The performer entertaining the children is a friend of my father.

练习

1. It’s a pleasure to watch the face of a ____ baby.

A. asleep B. sleep C. sleeping D. slept

2. The ____ buildings showed us that an earthquake was coming.

A. shaking B. shook C. shaken D. shake

3.The hotel ______ now beside the park was designed by a group of young men.

A. to be built B. being built

C. built D. building

CAB

二．现在分词作状语

现在分词作状语时, 分词的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语, 分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系, 否则不能用现在分词作状语。、

它的各种形式变化:

主动形式 被动形式

一般式 ________________ __________________

完成式 ________________ __________________

Ⅰ、作时间状语

(When) Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.

(=______________________in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.

Having found her car stolen, she hurried to a policeman for help.

(= _____________________her car stolen, she hurried to a policeman for help .)

1.__________ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of Spring.

A. To walk B. Having walked

C. Walked D. Walking

2. The old man, ________ aboard for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.

A. to work B. working

C. to have worked D. having worked

在逻辑上，当动词-ing形式表示的动作和句子谓语动词表示的动作同时发生时用_____________________;在句子谓语动词表示的动作之前发生时用___________________________.

答案：V-ing being V-ed

having V-ed having been V-ed

When I was walking

After she found her car stolen

DD

Ⅱ、作原因状语

Being ill, he didn’t go to school

(=_________________________, he didn’t go to school.)

Being a student, you should study hard.

(=Since you are a student, you should study hard.)

Not thinking he might be at home, I called him.

(=As I didn’t think he might be at home, I called him.)

1. ____ a reply, he decided to write again.(NMET92)

A. Not receiving B. Receiving not

C. Not having received D. Having not received

2. ______ his telephone number, she had some

difficulty getting in touch with Bill. (1991上海)

A. Not knowing B. knowing not

C. Not having known D. Having not known

表示原因的动词-ing 形式一般放于句首，相当于一个原因状语从句。其否定式直接在ing之______加 not.

答案：

Because/As he was ill

CA

Ⅲ、作方式、伴随状语

He sat on the sofa, watching TV.

(=He sat on the sofa,_____________________.)

I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously.

=I saw several young people enter the waiting area ________________________around curiously.)

1.The secretary worked late into the night, ______ a long speech for the president.

A.who prepares B. preparing

C. prepared D. was preparing

2. He looked around and caught a man _____ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.(2004.北京）

A. put B. to be put C. to put D. putting

动词-ing 表伴随时，可以扩展成为一个并列句。

答案：and watched TV

looking around curiously

BD

Ⅳ、作结果状语

Unfortunately his father died, leaving the family even worse off.

(=Unfortunately his father died, __________________even worse off.)

动词-ing形式的结果状语表示情理之中的结果
动词不定式 (only to do ) 作结果状语表_______________的结果

答案：and left the family

意料之外

Ⅴ、作条件状语

（If）Working harder, you will succeed.

=(__________________________, you will succeed.)

一直往前走，你就会看到一座白色的房子。

________________ahead, you will see a white house.

答案：If you work harder, you will succeed

Walking

Ⅵ、作让步状语

Being young，the little boy knows a lot about computer.

(=________________________________, he knows a lot about computer.)

Being clever enough, you should ask me for more advice.

(=____________________clever enough, you should ask me for more advice.)

答案：Though the little boy is young

Although you are clever enough

三．现在分词与过去分词区别

两者之间的区别主要体现在时态和语态上：

　1.在时态上：现在分词表示正在进行，而过去分词表示已经完成。例如：

China is a develop____ country, while America is a develop___ one.

2. 在语态上：现在分词表示主动；而过去分词表示被动。

　　总之，现在分词表主动、进行；

　　　　　过去分词表被动、完成

习题

1. Mrs.White showed her students some old maps ______ from the library.（10 全国1）

A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing

2. For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _____ on his own farm. （09 北京）

A. grown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow

3. With the government’s aid, those _____ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. （09上海）

A. affect B. affecting C. affected D. were affected

4. It rained heavily in the south,_____serious flooding in several provinces.（10天津）

A. caused B. having caused

C. causing D. to cause

5 ___the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.（10上海）

A.approaching B. Approached

C. To approach D. To be approached

6. ____at my classmates‘ faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.（10北京）

A. Looking B. Look C. To look D. Looked

7. (2005山东卷)Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, ___ a record US $57. 65 a barrel on April 4.
A. have reached  B. reaching  

C. to reach  D. to be reaching

8. (2007 浙江卷)______ by a greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.

A. Driven B. Being driven

C. To drive D. Having driven

答案：CAC CAA BA

v-ing 作定语和状语学案