形容词（adj.）和副词（adv.）

一． 形容词

（一）形容词的分类

1、简单形容词 eg: kind green interesting

2. 合成形容词：由几个词共同组成并起到形容词作用的词。

（1）数词+名词+adj. Eg: a ten -metre-wide river a five-year-old girl

(2)副词/adj+过去分词 Eg：a well-known write a new-born baby

（二）形容词的位置:

置于名词前修饰名词。 Eg：It is_____(wonder) weather.

（三）形容词的用法

1. The+adj

he young likes playing football very much.(改错)

2. 感官动词后跟adj.

The food tasres_____(good), so it sells_____(good).

3. adj.修饰不定代词，放在不定代词之后。

I have important something tell you.（改错）_______

4. enough修饰adj，放在adj之后。

（四）．--ing形容词和—ed形容词

interesting surprising frightening scaryword/media/image1.gif

interested surprised frightened scared

（五）．形容词与介词的固定搭配

be careful ____ be annoyed_____ be famous____=be well-known__

be crazy_____ be surprised____ be good___(反)be bad____

be curious____ be angry_____ be ready______

be worried _____ be good______ be thirsty_____

be anxious ______ be mad______ be thankful______

be interested____ be afraid______ be angry ____

be strict______sth be fond_____ be busy _____

be skilled _____ be proud____ be filled ______

be rich_____ be tired____ be satisfied_____

be successful_____ be full _____ be pleased_____

take pride____ be patient___sth be strict_____sb

be different ____ be close ____ the answer____

be absent_____ be friendly____ be useful _____

be free ____ be used _____ be similar____

be separated_____ the key____ be polite_____

二． 副词

副词的功能

副词修饰动词、形容词、其他副词

Eg：They are warm welcomed by the students.(改错)______

三．形容词/副词的比较等级

英语中形容词与副词三种形式：原级、比较级、最高级

1.比较级和最高级的构成

1）规则变化

【提醒】音节的划分：音节是读音的基本单位。一个元音音素(单元音和双元音)可构成一个音节，一个元音和一个或几个辅音音素结合也可以构成一个音节。一般说来，元音可以构成音节，辅音不能构成音节。但英语辅音字母中有 4 个辅音[m]，[n]，[ng]，[l]是响音，它们和辅音音素结合，也可构成音节。它们构成的音节往往出现在词尾，一般是非重读音节。

英语的词有一个音节的，两个音节的，多个音节的，一个音节叫单音节，两个音节叫双音节，三个音节以上叫多音节。如：take table potato population congratulation

【注意】(1). 以-y结尾的双音节词的形容词在末尾加er/est

Eg: healthy, funny, busy, hungry, easy, happy, early, pretty, lazy

(2).以-er, -ow, le结尾的双音节形容词末尾加er/est或者在前加more/most。

Eg：clever, bitter, narrow, gentle 

     (3).以形容前缀un构成的三音节形容词不适合在前加more/most

unhappy----unhappier----unhappiest,

untidy----untidier----untidiest 

(4). 以形容词+ly构成的副词要在前面加 more，most

Eg：slowly--more slower--most slowly

quickly--more quickly--most quickly

Softly--more softly--most softly

  2)不规则变化 

   ◇elder仅用于同辈之间的排行，如: elder sister(姐姐) elder brother (哥哥)

◇下列形容词和副词没有比较级和最高级（即表示“最高程度”或“绝对状态”的形容词和副词没有比较级和最高级）

empty, wrong, perfect, unique, extreme, excellent, favourite, true, right, correct, extremely ...

2. 形容词/副词比较级重点句型归纳      

◇句型一：A+动词+形容词或副词比较级+than+B…(比较级than 后应用人称代词的主格，但非正式语体中常用宾格。)

□注意事项：该句型为比较级的最基本句型。只要看到than，即可确定前面使用比较级。

He is taller than I/me.

The boy does his homework more carefully than the girl.  

 ◇句型二：as +形容词或副词的原级+ as 表示两者在某一方面相同

This lesson is as easy as that one.

Lucy talks with old people as politely as her sister.  

☆as + many/much+不可数名词/可数名词复数+as    

I can carry as much paper as you can.    

I have as many books as you do.

其它几个关于as…as的句型：

☆as … as sb can/could=as … as possible eg: He began to run as fast as he could.       

☆as soon as…一……就……    eg:He will call me as soon as he comes here.  

◇句型三：not as/so +形容词或副词的原级+ as 表示“前者不如后者……”

◇句型四：比较级+and +比较级 / more and more +多音节词的原级 “越来越……”

□注意事项：如果该形容词比较级构成形式加er，则用前面的句型；如果该形容词比较级加more构成，则用后面的句型。

It is getting hotter and hotter.

The girl is becoming more and more beautiful.  

◇句型五：the +比较级+…, the +比较级+… “越……就越……”

The more you eat, the fatter you will be.

◇句型六：be different from

该句型没有运用比较级，但也是对两者事物进行比较。注意前后比较需在同类事物中进行。

My schoolbag is different from yours.  

◇句型七：the same as… / the same…as…

□注意事项：该句型同样没有运用比较级，表示两者之间具有共同特性。注意这里的as和same为固定搭配，不能随便变换。

I don’t want to buy the same things as Amy did.   

3.  形容词/副词最高级重点句型归纳  

◇句型一：the +形容词或副词最高级+ in / of / among +比较范围 (副词的最高级前可以加定冠词，也可以不加定冠词。)

The Changjiang River is the longest river in our country.

Peter is the tallest of the six students.

◇句型二：比较级+than + any other +名词单数形式

Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.  

◇句型三：比较级+than + the other +名词复数形式

Daniel is more hard-working than the other students in our class.  

句型四：比较级+the rest of+the+名词复数

◇句型五：one of + the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数形式

□注意事项：one of有三大考点：1. 后跟形容词最高级；2. 后接可数名词复数形式；3. 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

One of the smallest dinosaurs was about one metre long.  

比较级的修饰语：much, a little, even, yet, far, still, a great deal, a bit 能修饰最高级的有：the very, much the, far等。 特别提醒：very, quite, too不可修饰比较级。

最高级的修饰语：much, by far, nearly, the very, the+序数词

Eg：The girl is more smarter than the boy. (改错)____________________.

4.  形容词副词比较级最高级使用注意事项

1. 比较应在同类事物之间进行。

eg：Your English is better than me.（改错）_________.

2. 比较级前可以有一个表示程度的状语，最常见的三大修饰词是：a little, much, even。 以下单词也可用来修饰：any, far, still, a lot, yet, rather。

My sister is a little taller than me.  

3. 比较要遵循前后一致的原则，注意前后呼应。

It is easier to make a plan than carrying it out.(改错) ______  

4. 序数词通常只修饰最高级。 Africa is the second largest continent.

5. “否定词 + 比较级”相当于最高级。

Nothing is so easy as this. =Nothing is easier than this. =This is the easiest thing.  

6. 比较级前一般不加冠词。但表示两者中较突出者，且比较级后又有名词或出现了of the two，这时比较级前一定要加the。

He is the taller of the two.

Which is the younger one, Lily or Lucy?

试比较： Which is larger, Canada or Australia?

Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?   

7. 为避免重复，比较级中同样的动词用助动词do, does, did替代。

I spend less time doing homework than John does.

She tells more funny jokes than we do.  

【课后例题】

一． 改错

1. I have less books than Tom.

2. There are three girls in my group. The cleverer is Mary.

3. The boy sat there as quiet as his sister.

4. The harder you study, more you can learn.

5. Studying physics is not so interesting as to learn English.

6. The boy is the tallest to the three.

7. This book is one of the most useful dictionary.

8. Shanghai is bigger than any other cities in China.

9. Most of stories in this book are written in English.

二．单项选择

1． I think Chinese is ＿＿＿ than maths.

Ａ. Interesting B more interesting C. most interesting D. the most interesting

2. The Huang He River is one of ＿＿＿ in China.

A. The long river B. the longest river

C. the longest rivers D. the longer river

3. The girl was ＿＿＿ afraid ＿＿＿ she threw her bag away.

A. so, that B. too, to C. too, that D. enough, to

4. It was ＿＿＿ yesterday than today.

A. hot B. hoter C. hotter D. the hottest

5. Which subject do you like ＿＿＿ , English Chinese or maths?

A. best B. well C. better D. good

6. None of the students watched it ＿＿＿ .

A. careful enough B. enough carefully

C. carefully enough D. enough careful

7. ＿＿＿ she eats, ＿＿＿ she'll be.

A. More…fat B. The more…fatter

C. More…the fatter D. The more…the fatter

8. I don't think English is ＿＿＿ Chinese.

A. as important as B. not important as

C. not so important D. important as

9. Miss Gao is a good English teacher. The students in her class ＿＿＿ English.

A. are interested in B. are interesting in

C. are interested at D. are interesting to

10. The twins are together most of the time. So they never feel ＿ .

A. alone B. lonely C. happily D. friendly

11. What a ＿＿＿ cough! You seem ＿＿＿ ill.

A. terrible, terribly B. terribly, terrible

C. terrible, terrible D. terribly, terribly

12. Which is ＿＿＿ , Li Lei's box or Han Meimei's box?

A. heavy B. heavier C. more heavier D. the heaviest

13. Jim is ＿＿＿ at all his lessons. And I'm sure he'll do very ＿＿＿ in the exams.

A. well, good B. good, well C. well, well D. good, good

14. You look ＿＿＿ than before， why?

A. more thin B. more thinner C. much more thin D. much thinner

15. Changjiang River is ＿＿＿ river in China。

A long B. longer C. longest D. the longest

16. I'll work ＿＿＿ I can.

A. so hardly as B. so hard as C. as hardly as D. as hard as

17. Things are ＿＿＿ worse than I thought.

A. more B. few C. very D. much

18. She did her homework ＿＿＿ .

A. carefully B. careful C. care D. careless

19. - How are your parents?

- They are very ＿＿＿ , thank you.

A. good B. kind C. well D. happy

20. Peter runs ＿＿＿ in our class.

A. the fast B. faster C. fastest D. most fast

21. This egg smells ＿＿＿ , though it looks all right.

A. good B. well C. bad D badly

22. Wait a minute, I have ＿＿＿ to tell you.

A. something interested B. something interesting

C. interesting something D. anything interesting

4.adj.adv