Willys+Responsibility+for+His+Own+Tragedy(1)

发布时间:

Willy,s
ResponsibilityforHisOwnTragedy
梅娟
江汉艺术职业学院湖北武汉4331∞
Abstract:Deathof

salesmanwrittenin949.it.s
on

tragedyof
common
American.Themaincharacter,WillyLomanis
on

salesman,whohaslosthisholdofof

reality.Willy,whohasconstantlyplacedhighvalue

beingadmired。dreamedofdyingthe“death
salesman”.InhisiIlusionarywodd.hewasIivinglifeofcomfortandfinishingdealsthroughcontractorsonthephone.1nstead,alI
son
W川y’sobjectivesseemtohavefalied:hejsIaidofffromhisiob.nobodyamonghisoldfriendsrememberhim,his
on
Biffhasnot
turnoutthemanheexpectedhewouldbe.andhejsforcedtorelyIoansfromhisfo丌T1ercompetitor,
SUCCESS
WillyLomanwhohastwosons。BiffevewonearoundWlilyexperiences
and
wealth.Willyandhisfamily
aretoofarfrom
success.WlilywantstobesuccessfuIforthewealthanddignity,buthisdreamis
never
fulfilledandmaterializedata11.Inthissituation,

Willy
triestoreceivesatisfactionfromhissons.ForInstance。hewantsBifftobecome
on
businesssuccesseven
thoughBiffwantsto
workoutsidecattleranch.Biffhas

an
internalstrugglebetweenpleasinghisfatheranddoingwhathefeelsIsright.
Keywords:DeathofSalesman。Wlily,Wlily’ssons。Dream,tragedy
1.IntroductionArthurMiller
careeras
capitalistmaterialismnurturedbythepostwareconomy,amaterialism
borninNewYorkCity
waswon

on
was
October17,1915.His
at
thatobscuredthepersonaltruthandmoralvisionoftheDreamdescribedbythecountry’sfounders.
half

originalAmerican
playwrightbeganwhilehe
student
theUniversityof
Michigan.Severalofhisearlyworksyear,theFederalTheatreHeproducedhisfirstMiller
wrote
great

prizes,andduringhissenior
one
century
afteritwas
written,Deathof

Salesmanremains
ProjectinDetroitperformed
ofhisworks.
powerfuldrama,ItsindictmentoffundamentalAmericanvaluesand
Success
success,AllMySins。in1947.Twoyearslater,
won
theAmericanDreamofmaterialintoday’s
age
mayseemsomewhattame.
Deathof
Salesman,which
thePulitzerPrizeandthreeofconstant
nationalandindividualself-analysisand
TonyAwards,aswellwasthefirstplay
ever
as
theNewYorkDramaCriticsCirclewinallthree.andturnedMillerinto

Award.It

criticism,butitschallengewasquiteradicalforitstime.MostofMiller’splays
are
tonational
as
directly
or
indirectlyabouttheAmericanDream,becausewasn’tgoing
to
sensation越aplaywright.ManycriticsdescribedDeathof
Salesman
as
ultimatelythisDeathofmyth.

dream
succeed

as
lotsofpeoplewished.
thefirstgreatAmericantragedy.andMillergainedeminencewhounderstoodthedeep
Deathof

essence
man
Salesmanwrittenin1949,ismovingdestructionofthewhole
oftheUnitedStates.
most
Salesman。Miller’s
one
famousword.addresses
Tobehardworking.honestandhaveambitiontheAmericanDream.Thisleadpower.Butthisdreamfor
to
were
thewaysof
thepainfulconflictswithinregarding
family,butitalsotackleslargerissues
cost
Success,wealthandinduetime-developed,andencouragedgreed,
one
Americannationalvalues.1f1地playexaminestheAmericanDream.Inthisrespect,itoffers

ofblind
everyone
faithinthe
postwarAmericanselfishbehavior,prideandrivalrybetweenwas‘caught-up’inthis
another.WillyLoman
business
to
readingofpersonaltragedyinthetraditionofSophocles’OedipusCycle.MillerchargesAmericawithselling

American
Dream.It
causes
develop
falsemythconstructedaround

intheworld.Capitalismandalsotheprofitmotiveandcompetitive
要避免重视一面,忽略另一面的存在,一个静态cAI课件,只会使内容枯燥乏味,而一个动态CAI课件,只会让人眼花缭乱,要注重两方面的协调统一。一个好的CAI课件还需要配备一定的声音。如教学内容中有些部分内容确实桔燥而又无法加入动画演示效果,这时可适当地加入背景音乐。使学生在学习该部分内容时,不至于过于疲劳,使教学效果太差。
3、CAl课件的课堂使用
作为教师,首先要熟悉CAI课件,然后在课堂中使用该课件时,要对该CAI课件全部内容在脑海里有个较深的印象,思路要清晰,在用CAI课件讲课过程中,边播放CAI课件时,必要时可以停下来切换到操作,教师可以举实例给学生看,演示操作完成后,在教师的控制下。进入CAI课件,继续学习。如在SQLSERVER中使用企业管理器创建视图时,就可以从CAI课件切换到实例操作或播放已存储好的动态操作演示过程文件,打开企业管理器一某个数据
的使用更不是呆板的教学,教师不要照着CAI课件读下来,这样使得教学效果会很差。
教师在CAI课件教学过程中,要注意一个教学互动环节,在CAI课件中适当地穿插部分学生练习内容,使学生学会动手动脑,使知识尽量做到在课堂t-.消化,让学生较快地掌握新知识。
四、多媒体教学的现状及发展观望
现在我们的教学过程中应用了多媒体教学,但是形式还是比较单一,许多老师在编写课件时,忽略,r声音、动画、视频文件的引入。而只是一个过于简单的幻灯片,给幻灯片配了一些背景色,而不再有其它的加工处理,其实,多媒体教学容量比较大.学生在课堂中是易于疲劳的,若没有具体动画、图象、声音等,会使得教学效果不如传统的板书教学模式。
在以后的教学CAI课件中要注重动画、图象、声音、视频文件的结合,使一堂课生动具体、学生易于接受、理解。
参考文献:
库一视图川Ⅱ建视图—选择表一选择列名一准则设置—保存视图,
这一过程的实现,教师最好演示给学生,使学生对视图的创建有一个深刻的印象。CAI课件的使用不是照本宣科,中间在遇到必须操作的,或插入视频文件的,必须切换到操作或视频文件。CAI课件
1.钟求琢.《多媒体技术》.清华大学出版社
2.杨晓元.《多媒体教学网络系统的设计理论及实现方法>,中国电化教育,2000年-第2期
奎塾堇Ⅱ翌
2010年第10期
万方数据

instinct,眦II【esWiuyhave

weal【nes8inhis
pe培∞ality.nis眦aI【Ile8s
w鹤causedby
combination0fbusiness
pf|船8ur档.Wjlly’哪£s
to
pmve
himselft}lmllgh
succe8ses
salesm粕,but拍he蹦18,his
own
lifed船tIDyshinl.
0verthepaBt
two
decade8,theirba8beengrowinginterestinMiUer’sDeath“asalesman.Recently。thistopich酗becomemo地
们dmorepopular.Altlloughconsiderablere8earchh船beendevoted
to
there】a“onshjpbetween
Wi¨y’

DealhandAmerjcandream,rather
le8sattenlionhasbeenpaidto
thecau8e
of
Willy’

downfall.The
popularthemeinDeathof

galesm肌,Americansociety
can
destroy

manhy611inghimwithfalsevalues,isnot
entirelytnle.IbelieVethat
WiuyL0mallis
just
as
accountableforhisactions船thesocietythatis
c㈣monlybl砌ed.WillyLomnis瑚p0118ibIeforhis嗍1
T孵dy!,11le
mse盯chh鹅tendedto
f&us
on
thi8鸽pect,adopposed
to
thecommon
ideathatWilly’

tragedyisduemol屯tosocietiesnawsthan
to
the
仙merous
nawsinhiBownchamcter.Theaimofthepresemp印eris
to
observetIlecau鸵0fWilly’stragedy'sumupi协experience.F.romtllis,
we
canuse
theexperjenceof
Willy
Lor啪for
reference.
2.WiIly’scha忸cler
commonideap陀sentedinUtemturei8thei8sueofthe
f如domof
t}Ieindividualin
0ppositi蚰tothecontrollingp托ssuresofsociety.Willy
Loman,themaincharacterinDeathofSalesmanbyArthurMiller'epitomizesthis
type
of
pe聘on;伽ewho100ks
to
hispee瑙and
co-salesm柚
舶les8erjndividuaJ8.Notonlyw鼬hecompeti“veandoverbt!积ng,butWillyLomarIsoughtafkr锄idealtIlathecouldneverbecome:thegreat醴t
salesmaneVer.DetenlIined
to
make
money,WiIlyhecameuncontmUable
8ndsomewhatinsane.Throughhisdialogueandactions,WillyLomanpo栅ys
ch啪cterofdiffident,self.一deception
andstubbom.2.1di侬dent
Fromthe
very
beginningofhislife,WillyLomanexperienced
pmblemswitIlhispopuldt)r锄d
pe鹉onality.His
l鹊t嘲eis

punon

“low
m鲫.”Heisat
tIlebottomofthebusinessworldasan
unsuccessfm
saIesm柚.Inaddition,histheories∞Iifeandsociety
proveto
be
very
degradin昏not
to
mentioninnuentialtohismind
8etevery
day.Willy
belieVesthatbeingwell—likedandhaving
per80naIattractiveness,
together,canbringsuccess,money,arIdmny
mends.Ironically'Wmy
does
not
havemanyfriendsandmany
pe叩le
do
not
likehim.With

b∞uty明Iikeothe强,Willy
tlIinksthat
d∞碍wiU
open
andpmbIemswiUali
dis印pear.
A8

salesmn,WiUydeveloped
mny
hindrance8thatcausedhis
IIIindtodeteTioI・ate.Hislif.e
as
sale8m蚰wasbuilt
on
a(I弛锄that
he
witnessed她achild.At粕earlyage,Willyheardof
salesm蚰.Dave
Signalm蚰,wIIoc叫ldmakehisliVing
out
of

hotel
D00m.Si印alm蚰惴
Very
successful明dwhenhedied,PeoplefbmaIl
over
thecountry
came
fo脑funeral.Itw孤£llisjd冽岫£砌儿yL0瑚n
soug}lt如A儿he
ever
w鲫tedw鼬矗珊e.popularity,蛐da结w佑ends.UmDn蛐ately'wtlenWiUydied'not

single
person
went
to
hismneral.Hisl如,onedlatw鹊spent
trying
t0
become鲫otller
per∞n,n哪eIy
Dave
Si印a1|Ilan,w∞aw勰te舢no—onee、,en
wanted
to
see
himbu—ed.
Inrenection0fhjscareer
withthe
Wa印erCompany。manyoth盱
prDblemsarose
thatf抽℃edec曲omicdj历cunjes
on
him卸dhis
f如ily.
He
was
dete册ined
to
live
byidealstllatplacedhima上Ⅺveeveryor圮el舱.Itw硇withthe鸵besarIdillusi∞8tIlatWilly’sl妇begaTl
t0
10seits’
8irofreality.He
108thisidentity,coumge,anddignitythrouglIoutNew
End锄d踮asalesm跚.And鹋he
explainedoften,
“Ihave
mend8…
万方数据
1'hey
kn删me
uparIddownNew
England.”RealisticaIly'tllouglI,Willy
w酾nol
succ髓s触.Hedjd∞lll8ve缸曲dsandpcopIedid∞tlikelIimjn
N删Engl锄d.
2.2
self—ec印ti彻
wilIy,whoh舾deludedhimselfaIlhisIiljaboutbeing

big叫cc∞s
inthebu8inessworId.Ita180ponmyshiswiI毫Linda,Who
“pIayB
along”
nicelywithhislie母明dteUghimwhathe
wantsto
hear,out“
compassjon.Theb00kdesc—besthelastdayofbjs1ife,butthereare
h屯quent
“flashbacks”
inwhich
WiUy腭liveskeyevents“thep幽t,
oftenconfusingthemwithwhatishappeninginthepresent.Histwo
so憎,BiffandHappy,who
are
inthejr30’
8,havebecomefailu陀slike
hi脚eK
Bothofthemhave
go舱f如midolizingdleirfad坨rinmeiryoum
t0
despisinghimint}lePre舱nt.Onthel舳tfbwpagesoftlle
play,willy
finallydecide8totaI【ehim
owll
l滟.Notonly叫tofdesperati佣becauge
he
losthisjob。withwhichhew黯hardlyeaHlinl;enough
topay
ordinary
expen跎s
at
theend.Hedoesit
prim秭ly
becau8ehethinksthattheIifeinsu瑚ce
payout
willallowBi伍tocomet0
sometlling,sotl,at
at
le嬲t
one
ofthebm姐will砌吼llIisunrealistic.d他啪ofgreatwealm
andsucces矗.But
even
herein
one
ofhis
l肚tmoment8,whilehaving

conversation
Witll

ghost6.omthep锄t,hecontinues
to
Iieto
himselfby
s叫ng
thathis
funemlwilll'e

bigevent,andthatthemwillbe
guests
fromaIIover
his
fo瑚erworking
territoryina“endance.Yet
as
w觞tobeexpected,thisi8
∞twhthappe璐,noneoft}Iepeoplehesold
to
come.AltIloughperhaps
tIIisⅥ.0ng
foretelIingcoIlldbeattributed
to
senility,ratherthanhistypical
self—deception.Maybeheha8forgottenthatthe“oldbuyers”
have
alreadydiedofoldage.Hisimagineddialoguepartner
tellshimthatbiff
wiucorIsidertheimI)ending
act
one
ofcowardice.ThisobviouslyiIIdicat∞
thatbehimselfalsothinksthat“’
very
probablethatBi仃wiUhatehim
even
morefordoiflgit'船the
presence
of“Ben”,a
m姐whomhe
铲eatlyadmiresforbeing

Buccessfulbusinessman,is

product0fhiB
awn
mind.Butheignorestllisknowledgewhichhe
c枷esin
himself'粕d
缈sonwi山hisplan.
IIIActⅡ,StanIeypull8wilIyout“hi8daydre肌.wiⅡyig
on
hi8
kneesin
the托8诅umtordering
the
teenage
Bi玎tocome
h∽k.stardey
e】【pIainshissons’
ab8ence,蚰dWiuya讹mpts
to
tiphim,butstanley
stealthilyslipsthedoll”billbackintoWilly’s
coatas
he
tums.WilIy
聃I【8IIim
to

seed
sto托,舳dheru8h∞out,f}肌ticauyexplainingtIlathe
must
plan“mmediately,够hedoes
not
“have

thingintheground.”
Winv’8delidousinterestin

seedshoprevealshisirIsecurityaboutlIis
nowunemployed,Willy
h硒nome明s
to
p晒s锄yt圭Iingon
his舳ns.Indeed,he
h柏justgiven
stanley

do¨盯in

feebleattempt
toprovetohimse也bybeingable
to
give,thathedoesindeedposs船B
80mething.The
act
of
giVinga180陀qui弛8
Bomeoneto
whom
t0
giVe,柚d
StarIleybecomes,momentarily.asunDgate
son
to
Willy,sinceBiffand
H8ppyhave
ab卸donedhim.Similady’ind的pemtely8eeking
to
gro’r
desi他stangibleproofoffhevalueofhislabor,and
successfulgroWthofvegetabI∞wouldredeem
Willy’gfailureto
cultivateBi仃properly.Indeclaring
“Nothing’8
pl卸ted.Id∞’t
have

t}IiIIgintlle驴眦nd,’
Willyacknowledgest}斌
B班h鹊brokenhefmm龇瑚t8oftIIelon旷BtaIIdiIlgLDm锄delusioII-
2.3
stubbom
WilIy,Iiketraditionaltragicheroes,has

tragicpossibilityof“脚dy…”).
naw.
“The
victorymustbetIIe陀intragedy”(Miuer'
asideWilly’
“tragicnaw.”
Thereis

certainamountofthatWillywill
ch蚰ge.Ifthereissomething
to
bringtheelemem
圆奎塾垫
2010年第10期
ju8tleg∽y.P∞r锄d
to
vegetabIes,Willyhence,l谁.Additionally,tIle
Settinghope
ofhopeintotheplay,therealsocomestheconceiVablepossibilityofcllaIlge.”ClIangeisthecompeuing
fb比e,witll叫twIIich,tlle陀w叽ldbe
no
hope”(Dwyer).And
withchange,comestheconceivablepossibility
ofvictory.Theentireplay,Wjlly
live8by
the
cmdo“bewelIliked.”
“somedavI’
havemv
own
businegs,andI’llnever
have
toleave
h锄舱舭ymore…biggerthat
UncleCharleyIBec瓠跎Ch缸IeyiB∞tliked.
He’8liked,buthe’s
not
wen
liked”(Miller'DeatIl…30)!Hefinds
thisuntrue嬲heincreasjnglymakesleB8andlessmoneyon
business
trips.
“Howard,and∞wc蚰’teven
paymy
in8umn∞!Y眦c觚’teat
tIIe
or姐ge彻dIhrow
away
thepeel!Aman
is∞t

piece
off“t竹
(MiIler’Death…82)!He,however,陀fusegto
ch蚰gehis“ewoftheworld
蚰dcontinueshisstmgde
upst陀枷.what
makesthig
mIgic,tllough,i8thathedoe8
not
change.Itishi8
“tmgjc玎aw”
tIlathrj”gsthisfa订ure
abouthiIll.Hisunwillingnessto
submitp幽sively
to
theeBlablishedorderandvaluestakeshjmdow玎.He
h硒a
sel
jd曲jnhjsmjndaboulhowhe
wantslo
be矾dthe
wavhe
want8
hischildren
to
be.Heis

8ale8manand
地fusestobean”hingelse.
“l
thoughtl’dgo彻tw汕Tnyolderbmther
andtry
to
locatehim,andmaybesettleintheNorthwitht}leoldman.^ndalmoBtdecidedto90,whenmetsale8manintheParkerHouse…andhew鼬eighty—four
y邮old,aIldhedmmmed
out
merch仰diseinthirty—
one
state8…he’pick
uP
thephoneandcallthebuye糟,andwithout
eVen
le掣inghis
IDom,at
the
age
ofejghty—fbur,hemadehisliVing”
(Miller,Death.-・81).wjlJy'evenat
an
e盯lyage,had

chance
to
change
andbecomeIikehisbmtherBen.butchosenot
to.Hesaw
thelif毫of

salesman蛐drefh8edtodoanythingelse.Hehaddecidedthathewanted
to
be.Intheend,becauseofhisunwillingne8s
to
changeandsubmitpas岛ively
to
theestablished
world,Willydies
at
thehandsofhistragic
naws.nec啪monm卸,indeed,can
relate
to
Willybm蛐.Higstubbom
他fusaJofcharacterchangealongwithhisf宅盯ofbeingdeniedhisidentity
bytheworldandhis
attempls
to
be“evethatexistence
can
be
jusdy
evaluatedbringsuponhimtIledeatllofa啪Lgichem.3.W川y’swrongVaIues
3.1
“Be—liked”ph订osophy
Willyis
obs删屺d
withbcing“weUliked.”
Inpan,hig
0bsesgi∞i8due
to
hisfhsionofhisprofessionalrolewithhisidentitv.The
consummate8alesmanis

favoriteofthebuye娼.Heped-o珊s
hi8role
Bo
weUtha土heblurBthelinesoffriendshipandbusinessrelationships.Indoingso,thec鲫BummatesalesmanaUthemoreef艳ctivelyseduc∞
thebuyerintopurch船ing
hi昌pmduct8.However'willyh躯boughthis
own
8alespitch,∞he陀gardshisprofessional
c吼tact8鹅
“仿end8.”
Theirindifference
to
hissaleBDitchhitshim
even
harder8incetheir
rejec£i叩const“ut∞apersonalattack.He陀gardsbeiIIg
“wellliked”
鹅me嬲u陀ofhi88uccessbec叫sehe量lasboughthjsownsalespitch.Not
beingliked
co璐titut髓both

personalandprofe鹤ionalfailu陀.ToWilly'tlleI.oundationof
succe88
i8
rIot
educationofhardwork.butrather
“who
you
kn洲and
the8mile
on
yourface.”
Moreover.Willyridicules‰
education
Bemardh鹊eamed,decl耐ngtIlatllis∞m,B赶蛳dH印,wiu
getfunheraheadinthebusinessworldbec跏se
“the
man
whomal【es
嬲A衔c卸jungte
a—ch
m鲫,and
an
84—yea卜oldsalesmanwhocould
“pick

pho∞intwenty
or
thirtyciti黜andbe
remembe-ed锄d10ved,
她d6naUyh∞oredbyhundredofmoume鹅athisfuneral.”
3.2f砒sevalu鹤toeducalehisso啮
WillyLom锄ownBliesalsoleadhim
to
hi8eventual
death.Willy
h部not叩lylied
tohim靶lfbuth晒liedto
his酗ends,boss,himse比仰deven
hjsfanlily.wilIyh舳laughthi8s∞tolie拍well.Eacho鹏isholdiIlg
查塾垫圆
2010年第10期
万方数据
h北kk肿wledgefmmtlIe他8toft}Iefamily.Willyi8k∞pillgthathei8
not
山is
greatm蚰,0rg陀at
salesmn.BiⅡis
holdingbackthaIheisat王lje£ni8
tlIie、reryisdismi8sedbywiuye盯ly
in
B证l如,by
not
discipIinillg
hime盯lyinhislifeforstealing:heshmgsit罐andl肌gIls试t}IIli8
s吼
aboutstealing

f幻tball∞t0fthelock凹mom.Aspre“ouslymentioned,
WillylayBallhiswonhandallhisbeingwi也hisB帆b近'hopingthathe
h艄misedhim
to
be,not

900d
m柚like粕yparentwouldw绷t'but
to
besucces8ful,tomakemoney.Itis
naturalhum如tendency
todmam
of
success
fbrour暑elvesandfbrt}Ie
one8
we
Iove.but
wemustbeaM田弛
of8ubstitutingthedreamforreal时鹊WilIydoes.?Willybmanexpecb
his
80n
Bifrto
takethefhlsevaJuesheha8beenrai8edwithandbe

successfulm加.EadyinBifflifeiI印pea陪thathewiHdojusttllatde8pite
tllevalueshe
wa8
raisedwith.WhenBiffcatcheshisfbtherwimanother
woman。thesevaluesare
tested。andfailIIliserably.B瀣travels伽t
westto
矗nd
him{Ie屹and】卸dsiniaiJbecausehes£eaJs

suh;nKansasCit)r.0n】y
whenheretumscan
het邝lvnndhimselfinhisfather.OnlywhenBi仃
decide8thathe
no
10ngerneedsmeapprovalofhi8misgIlided
father,c粕
hesayknowwhol枷!?WiUy
callnot
h卸dle
his跏notbeing鲫cc船sful
buta_lsohis∞nacceptingthef她t.
4.Fa¨ureinhisreIationshjpwithpeopIe4.1
Wilhfamily
Itisimponant
to
examinetheevolutionof
Willy’

rela“onship
wjthhisfhmily,asthesolidfaIIIilyigone
ofthem08tprominentekments
oftheAmericanDream.Inthepresent,Willy’srelationshipwithhisfImilyisfhughtwjthtension.Tnhismemories,ontheotherhand,Willy
sees
hisfamiIy
as
happy彻dsecure.But
even
Willy’sconceptionofthe
p舾tisnot鹊idyllic酗“seems
on
the
surf如e,嬲hi8印litcomciousness,
theprofoundriftinhispsyche,showsthrough.Nomanerhawmuchhe
wants
to
rememberhis
p嬲t嬲aU—American肌dblissful,wiIly
cannot
completelyemsetheevidence
to山econtmry.He
wantsto
rememberBifF
船thebrighthopeforthefuture.Inthemidstofhi8memories,however。
we
findthat
Wiuy
d啷notllingto
di8coumgeB珊’8c姗pul8iVe
thieviIlg
habiI.Infact,he
subdy
encoumgesit
byl叫g}ling
atBiff’8theft
of岫
f曲tball.

As
an
adult,Biff
h船neverheld

steady
job,andhishabitual
8tealingfbmempIoye憎seemslargelyt0bethe陀a80nforthisfailing.
0vertlleyea陪,Bm蚰dWillyhavecome
to

mutual
antagorIi8m.Willyi8
uIlable
to
letgo0flIi8
co帅itment
totheAmerican
Dre枷,卸d
heplac船
hemendous
pr∞sure∞B赶tofulfiUitforhjm.B进feels

de印se髓eof
inadequ∞ybecau跎Wmywants
him
to
pu倡ue

ca弛erthatconnicts诵tlI
hisnatul甜incIinationsandinstincts.Hewo岫ldratherworkintheoDen
air
佣a瑚chthan
enter
b瑚ine88andmake

fortune,蚰dhebelievesthat
WiUv’snaturalincli舱tioni8thes锄e。likehis白tII盯’sbef0陀him.
WiIly’

relationshipwith
Happyi8alsolessthanperfectin
Willv’s陀constmctionofthep鹋t,anditisclearthathefavorsBimHappytriesseveraltimeB
to
gain
WilIy’Battention帅dapproValbut
fails.Thecou陪eofHappy’8adultlifecle盯lybea墙themark8ofthi8favori“sm.Happydoesn’texpres8resentmenttowardBiff:rather,he
emulate8thebehavioroftlIe
high一8ch∞l—agcdBi匝IntIlep曲t,Willy
exp陀ssedadlnimtion£竹Biff’s
success讲ththegirl8锄dhisabil畸t0
get洲ay
with
theft.A8锄adult,Happycompeteswith
moresuccessfulmenbysIeepingwiththejrwomen—hethu8
perfb咖s

sort
oftheftand
∞lIiev髓sexualpmwe8s.
Willy’

reIation8hipwithLindaiseven
morecomplexandime陀stiI壤.III
one
ofhis
m咖ents
of
se肛doIll)t'Bhe
a鲳ureshimthathe

is
a妒odprovider如d
dlatheis
hafldso咄.Shealsos唧thrnugll
biglie
wh曲hetriest0iIIflatehiscommi8si∞f而mhi8latesttrip.Al山ou曲shed∞s
not
buyhispitch
to
her,Bhe
s仙Ioveshim.His
failure
t0
mal【eher
believe
hi8‰tasy0fhim8elfdoesnotleadhert0rejecthiIn_shedoes∞t
fn啪u№Willy’swonhinte珊sofhi8Professionalsucc鹋s.Wiuy,
however’needsmore
m龃10ve,whichaccepts
c}啪cter
naws。doubts,and
imec面ty—heseeksde8pemtely
to
be“welllikcd.”Assuch,he
i印ore8
岫opl'咖nitythatUndapresents
t0
him:toviewhimselfmore
honestIy,to卵knowledgethereaiityofhisl施,矾dto
accepthilIl8elfforwhathei8
witlloutfeelingIikea筋1ure.IIlstead,he
tries
to
playtIlesalesmarlwith
herandtlleir
80腿.
4.2Winlsociety
In
ActⅡ,WiIly。shumiliatinginterviewWilhHowardshedssome
ligIlt∞hi8
advicefofB∥8
interview
wi山0hver.nis
advicecle盯lyh抛its
roots
in
Wmy’erelatio璐hipwithhisb∞s.Despitebeingmuch
yo吼gertlInwilly,Howard
patmnizeswilly
byrepeatedly
callinghim
“kid.”
WiIlypmvesentirelysubservient
to
Howard,髂evideneedby
thefactthathepickg
up
Howafd’slighter卸dhandsitto
him,unableto
fouowhisownadviceaI'0utsucho历ceboyjobs.Willy’srepeatedreminde鸺toHowardthathehelpedhisfather
name
Howardillustratehis
psycholo舀calre“ance
on
outmodedand
i璐Il:bstalllialc叩cep协ofchjvahy且ndnobiIit)r.Likehisemphasiso力being
“wellliked,”
Willy’sharpinguI'0nthehonorofb船towingHoward’s
n踟e—one
can
draw

parallelbetweenthisnamingandthesanctityand
di即ity0fmedievaIconcep协ofc“stenjng柚dtIIedubbing0fknighk—is矾孔hronisticallyincompatiblewithmerealityoftlIemodembusine娼
world.
willyseems
to
tmnsferhis
familial锄ieties
t0
hispmfessionallife.
Hisbmtherandf缸herdid
nol
likehimenoughtostay,80
heendeavo疆
to
be
“wellJjked”
jnjs
professjon,Hehe8rdthes£oJ了ofDave
si印alIIl锄’8success粕dexaggemtedit
t0
heroic’m”hical
proponi伽.
Hundredsof
pe叩le
attendedSigrIalman’Bfuneral—obviously'hew越

mn
how船
“welItiked.”
Dave
Si明aIman’s
story
h00ked
Willy
aB
thekey
to
emotionalandpsychologicalfhlfillment.HoweVer,the
iMpp内p妇tene鹪ofWiuy’s
idealsrevealsitselfinllis
L蛐ent
aboutⅡ伧
loss
of抽endshiPmld
a哪啪derieinhispmfe昭i硼.wiuy协tasizes
about
暑uchtIIings’蛆dheusedtoteUhis
sons
aboutallofhis硒endsinv鲥om
citie矗;船Willy’8hardexl)e—enceevid朗c瞄,however,such
cama蒯erie
belongsollly
to
merealm0fhisdelu8ion.
AlB0in
ActⅡ何illy’8daydre硼involving
Ben
throu曲willy’B∞nver8砸onwithChdeyinhisomce)Chdeytrie8
to硒ngWiUydo咖
toe砒hbyex出IlirIgthtwiuy’sf锄tasiesa:bouttllewaytIle
bIlsine黯
worldfunctionscord“ctwitht}lerealityof

consumer
economy.Charley
Iefh螂torelate
to
Willy小roughblusteri“gfantasy;instead,hemakes

poim《being
fhlll‘.}lestat髓thatthebonomline0fbusinessig8eUing
跚dbuying'∞t妊ngliked.I∞面cally’Ch盯leyistlle
ofdy
pef跏Ioo胁
Wiuy

bIlsinessopportullity
0n
thestreng出0f

pe玛0nalbond;How捌,
in
cont鼬t'6resWiuy
despitetIIes劬ng倒endship
tIlat
wiⅡysIIared
witll
Howa【rd’sfather.However。thcrelation6hipbetweenWilly锄dCharley
i8shaped
by曲仰90ingcompet越帅between山eirrespectiVe
f抽ilie8,atle∞t如mWilly’s
pointof
view.Willy’srejectionofChalley’sjob
o£f毛硌8tem8panlyf而mjealousyofCharIey’

success.Additionally,
Wiuyknow8thaIChadeydoesnot
likeIlimmuch—hiso雎rof

jobtIlu8fails
t0
confo肿t0Willy’s
idealisticnotionsaboutbusiness陀1ationships
WiUych伽晤∞t0reject

well一paying’北curc
jobr砒herth彻letgoofthe
万方数据
“●l
。一.史一
myth
of£he
Amdcanbusin鄂sworld柏d
i协ever_mcedingpossibiliti∞
for骞uccess蚰dI℃demDtion.
5.VVrongjudgment5.1ofhim卵1f
InActⅡ。B∽sdecisionto
seek

busine8slo的面sesWillv’8
spirits,andthe
way
inwhich
Willy
expresses
hiBoptimismisquite
旭vealing.Thefirstt}lingwillytlIinksaboutisplanting
gardeninhis
yard;hethenmu鸵sto“ndathattheyshouldbuyh叫北intlle
country,
so
thathecouIdbuildguesthougesfor
Bi饪肌dHappywhentheyhave
families
oftheir㈣.neseh01)efulpla脯8eem
to
iuustratehowill一8uited
WiIlyisto
hispmfession,asitstineshis
n咖甩l
incIinatiom.Indeed,the
competitivc,hype卜capitali鸟tworldofsale3geems
no
moreappropriate
for
WillythaJlforB龃Wjlly
seems
h印piestwhenhe
dre硼s
0fbuiIding
thjngswithhisownllaIlds,aIldw}lenhisinstinctsinthisdirectionsllrface,heseemswholeagain,ableto
8ee
gIimmer0f
truthinhimself卸dhiB
abilities.
W谢y’swjstfulfantasyoflivingintheforestsofAl如kastrengthen8
theimplicationthathechosethewrong
pmfession.Hedoes
notseemto
likeliving
in锄urb粕弛tIing.HoweVer,hisf矗cinationwiththefrontier
alsointjmatelyconnected
to
hisobsession讲ththeAmericanDream.In
nineteenth—centuryAme而ca,theconcept
oftheintTepidexpIorerente—ng
t11eunknown,unchaned
wjldeme够彻ds喇kj玎ggoldw鹊deeP】yjmbedded
inthenationalconf‘cious眦ss.WiththeposlwarsIlrgeofco璐umerismin
America,this
“wildemess”
becamethebustlingmarketofconsumer
缈ds,andthecapitalist
rePlacedthepioneer黯theAme—canher0.The∞
new
intl℃pidexplorersplungedintothe
jungleofbusiness
transactions
inol、der
to
find

nicheto
exploiLBen,wh08e
success
involved

lite脚
ifAfrica,represents
one
Versionofthefmntier
namtive.Dave
Signalmanrepresentsanother.Willychoset0
followSignalman’8patll,
convjncedthatitwas
themodemversjonandlhnJreoftheAme—canDreamofsuccess
through
hardwork.
WhileWilly’sdiBsa“8factionwithhi8life
8eemB
dueinpart
to
ch008ing
prafessionthatco—“ctswithhisinterests,“seemsaIsodue
in
panto
comp鲥ngall鹅pects,pmfessional
andprivatealike,ofhjs
own
lifeto出惦eofa
mythicst肌d盯d.Hef越lB
to
re且lizet}诅tBen’swealtllis
出e阳叫hof
bIindstmkeofluekr砒herthan

Iong—deservedrewardf打
hardworkandper∞nalmerit.Similarly,WillyIIlissesthetragic船pect
of
Signalm粕’s
slory
0f
8ucc螂一lhatSi印al脚n
w舾8t谢workjng
allhe
age
ofeighty—fouranddiedon山ejob.Moumingforhimw鼬liIIlited
to
thesphereofsalesmenandtrainp髂senge缟whohapPenedat
hisdeath—
tIleephememl
worid“tmnsience,tralveI,锄dmoney,脑叩posed
to
the
meaIlingfulreaImofloVed
o耻s.
5.2ofhissonsDuringmost
f砒e卜∞n
relationships,there
are
c积aill
tillleswhe陀
tIIefatherw明tst0becomemoreofa“player,’inhissonlifethallhis∞nbeIievesisnecessary.The
r脚册s
forthisa陀numefDusafld
can
bc
demon8tratedindilIerentways.MiUerisable
lo
give
an
ex枷pIe

this
bchaviorthroughthe∞tions
of
Winyh哪粕.WhenBiffcome8home
t0
himse比wiUyperceivesit嬲failure.Sincewillydesperately
hisoldest∞n,Bi也tosucceedineverywayp∞sible,hetri骼t0take
mattersintohis
ownhand8.“I
get
him
ajob酬ling.He
couldbebiginno
time”.The
reason
thatBiffcamehomeisto
findout
whathe
w肌ts
inld-e.BecauseWiUygetsintlleway,matte鸺becomemorecomplicated.Partlydue
to
WiiJypersistenceinB溜life,theyhaveconnictingide鹊舾
whattlle
Amedc柚dI鼬mis.Wiuybeliev船tIIatworkingonmemadby
衄盔壁焦
2010年第10期
isjunglerecollect
w柚tst0

jobm如couldhave.Bi噩hawever’feU8
impiringjobm觚coIlldhaveisworking0utd00m.
sellingis山eg陀at部t
t量leⅡmBt
does∞t在lhi8viewpoint
pe而地tionis
t啪sout
as
thi8hugeordeal.Thisobse昭ionof
not
a弛船叽forwhy,in陀ality,hedid
have

happy鼬ly.
to
Whentheir
two
dreamscollide,itbecomes
way
fnstrating
to
Willy
Bytrying
to
makehisfamilyfirtheimageofthe
at
Americ锄Dream,he
1)ecau8ehebelieve8thathis
t00
istherighlway.IffatherbecomeB
wiube
∞tuauycau匏dtheirunhappi弛Bs.F8iling
hisfamilyisthatheis

thjs
a仕empt
of“Pe概dIlg”
the缸t
to
neVer
involvedinhis
s∞lm.Miuerbelieve8抽ction
are
tlle地suIt锄t

just
he
one
ex删pleofWillymanymistakes.Due
factor.Asunfortunate髓i5it'there
many
instanceswherefather
so—calledperfbctionist,accomplishmentis
eVidem
f&v哪one蝴over锄omer.whichleadsto
favoredson.Inthe
most
BocialcoⅢlictswitllinthelee.
Wiuy.0nce
heonlyoftI!Ie
sees
re就hes锄y“gnal”,he鹏ver
8嘲the900diIIit,i鹏tead

ca驰8itistheoldest∞nthati8beingfavoredwhile
doeen’t
even
whathecouldhave
d∞ebetter.Perf毫ctionisjust
y伽nger叫ni8ignored.Usuallythe‰her
reaIi弛what
ima舀删on,觚el惜ive

iuu8ion,ju吼勰也e
A蒯c蛆Dream

figment
iBin
i8happenin昏He
son
simply
getstoo
c叫g}It
out
upintIIesucc∞鸵80flIiseldeBt
son
WiUymind.
WiIIyLomanportrays
purelyt}lathe
an
andhemayeven竹to
liye
hi宣l如throughhis
experiences.
“common
man”,wholives
lifethatis
Bec明seWiUyhasdn强msofgrandeurf打Bi噩Mi¨ersubtlyshow8howH印pyisoverJ00ked.
illusion.Althoug}1willyh鼬g∞d
etllic,orhow
intentions,histmgicnawi8
never
f&uses
only∞tIIe印pe蚴ce0ftheAmerieanDre枷mld
t0pursue
ThrougIlout£lle肿vel,WjUy
makesreferences
90t
to
h州wondeml
B赶

on
tlle瑚lity,theworkto船hieveit.Willybringsabouthi8
this
“supe而cial”
is.“…Y叫90tgreat№ssiIlyou,B心・’You
Happy,however’isefbct
on
allkinds
0fg陀at∞ss”
own
downfall,hisdefeat,becausehetries
h础1y
talked
to.niskindoffaVoritismh鸽a
pmf“nd
idea.MillerincludesthisthemeoftheAmericanDreamjnhis80cialcritici8min
an
achild.ofsociety
altemptIop0^rayLI他deviationin山evalues“socjety.F0r
advaI坨饬,callsestheAmerican

5.3
instance,materiali伽andtechnolo画cal
Willyhasinpeopleandha8insocietybringshim
to
ThefaiththatDreamto
change船timeschanges.Thesalesmanis
8t
f,ositi彻tllath勰
down酗well.Wmytmstspeople,粕dwhalt11eysay.WhenWilIygoes
Howardandremindshimofthetimethathe
was
decliningimponanceb船ed
on
thetime.Heshawsthat
an
individualvaluesam
p南mised

NewYork
whatsocietyh鹪estahlished.Yet,粕societychange3,thevaJues
job?at
he

Ch“sIm鹊pany,Howardfor

momenteannot
not
remember.Then
o舱h鹊maynot,c肌singconIlictbetweent}le¥ocidyandt|IeinfhviduaI.
6.COncIusjOn
Inconclusion.aUtllesethatit
wasnot
statesth砒hedidrememb盯andhecould
findanythingforhim.thathenamedHoward。Ihat

After
Willyisfiredhegetsupsetbecausehe
saystrusts
f如tsandrealizationshaveled
to

metoheIieve
肌dhebelieves山atshouldbe
enougll.Hecompanyt11athe0nlythesocietythat1edWilly
t0
kill
himself’butit懈
to
worksfbr34Willy
Pay
YearB埘Utake
care
ofhimisanotherfalseideathatheh鹊.
hisownchoicesthatbmughthimitis
not
nece吕Bary
isend.Orfbechoice
bemade
ofhi8
tmststhattheinsur卸cecdmp锄y出atcarrieshisl如in蛐r矾cewiUhispremiumispo軎sibIeanothermisplacedtnJsf.WeneVerdofindout
thatWilly
kmanbe枷are
ofaUlhe
nuances
decision;mostofhum蛐itydoe8knowau山atithaschosenand,if“does'
tragichem,bec扰se
if
Linda,BifL鲫dhappyr佻eivet}lefull20,000dolla隋lhatWil】ythinks“certainlydoeswhen“chose.?Willyistheultimatetllesechoice8inthat
hislifeinworth.’11Iiswouldbeinlinew“hall【hemstoftlle
even
pl且y.Thats∞ietycouldbenodebyanyone.Hisultimateflaw
not
llisl锄tThe
jump
8tsuccess
wouldf赫1.
WiIIy
as
w鹪thathedependedtoomuch∞otllerpeopleand
rolemodels,hisfather,Dave
to
en叫gh仰hiso帅
not
cus8es
attainedby
merit8协succeed.Intlleend,the
story
of
WiUyLomanis
only

80cial
signalman,andBen,iswha‘heenvisiong
betheAmericanDream.
not
Heonlyvi8ualizestheendproduct,beingsuccessful,andproce8stheymayhavegonethroughfatherBoldnute马andmadethathi8thoughtsofthepaBt,Willy1istenstheirfhtherbysaying,mademo陀in

the
toachievethat
succe88.Willy
withhi5
to
co咖entaryon出e80ciaIimplicatior培of山ec印italisticsociety,butalsojust8toryaboutaman“hom“e∞meveryh8dchoice8,“hissonm∞wiUl咖lfiomth08emistakes.

living.In姐encounter
one
Inthispaper'Deathof

sale啪肌isstudied.E马peciauy,‰c鼬m

to
Ben,hisbrother,whorefbrs
0fWiuy’s
dowmUh鹊肌alyzed.Aner弛adingthi8p印er,y眦c虮get
Wiuy’暑respo璐ibilityforhis
on
“Great

inventor,Father.With
like
you
gadgethegeneralideaabout
our
owTI
Tragedy.B∞id黯'
weekth8nman

couldmakein

life“me”.leanIe粥candmw
tIleexperienceofWi王Iy
to
I—o眦n.However’thc
knowledge锄dlimited
Willyassume8thatbybeing
sale8man,likehisfatherwas,hei毒

limitati∞softtligpaperareclear.Thanks
infbrmation.there
are
my
¨tomatically
hewouldhave
gIla啪teed
to
succe88,蚰dthat“wasn’
as
somethingthatmoney,Luxury,
succe88.
somedef毫ctsinit.1believemoreandmorc
workfor.Materialsuccess,8uch
are
玎始earche8wiUbedoneiIlt}IiB
d船lm.

蚰dwealth,andpopularityhisgoalsandhisdefinitionofBIbIjogr印hy:
1.Miller,Anhur.Deathof
B00ks,1986.
salesman.NewYork:Penguin

Ontheotherhand,sel|._fhlfillmentandhappinessthroughhardworkiBnot.ByonlyfocuBing
an
theouter印pearanceoftheAmericanDream。
to
WiIlyignoresthe鹏alityofthehardworkanddedica“onrequired
obtainit.His
constant
2.Mi¨er’A曲ur.Death0f
gub∞quent
quotee

Sal船m蜘.N删YorI【:Viking,1971.All
preoccupationwithbeing8uccesgfhl,being
“perfbct”
a∞f而mt}Iisedition.
well—liked,andattainingthatDreamwiththe“pelfect”family,andthe
Theunattainable
part
job,the3.www.ibibJio.o唱,miUer/bents.htr以
“peI{毫ct”of
life,neverleavehismind.
4.www.ibiblio.咖iuer,
5.www.rIytimes.com,弛91465921,pg-7
WillynotionoftheAmericanDreami8
peff&tion.11ljsillu8ionshadowsWilly如ittakeshimlhroughhislife.
Heh鼬tIli8
set
6.www.sparknate8.com/lit,salesmaIl,
pictu阳inhismirldofhoweverythingshouldbe:a900d7.www.findarticlcs.co删—P/anjcles,mi—qa4129,is一20050l,ai—nq
8.Dwyer,Davidw.nagedy鞠dthe
job,ahighpa)ringsaIary,awonderfm
hou能wife,beingwell—liked,being
f抽ilywitIl釉aIt
kids锄d
no

perf如
at
happy,如dhavingproblems
an.
co咖on
M锄.OTIIinePo“ng:
娅圆
2010年第10期
Because
WⅢyh酗llli8pe砌挚“蛐ofhowlife8houldbe,明yentitythat
httP:,/pilot.mBu.edu/u8er/dwyerdav,papers,tragedy.htm.
万方数据

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摘要:将人文关怀思想融入到高校思想政治教育工作中去可以从根本上提升思想政治教育的实效性和针对性。本文试从人文关怀的必要性、人文关怀的内容、人文关怀的路径三个方面来建构高校思想政治教育人文关怀机制。
关键词:人文关怀构建思想政治教育
思考在高校构建什么样的人文关怀机制,这将会丰富高校思想政治工作的内涵,拓宽思想政治工作者的视野。从而从根本上提升高校思想政治工作的实效性和针对性。将人文关怀融入到高校思想政治教育中去,充分尊重大学生的主体地位,满足他们成长、成才需要,关注他们的生存状况和精神世界。高校思想政治教胄?才能真正起到发展人、完善人、塑造人的重要作用。
一,高校思想政治教育工作中构建人文关怀机制的必要性(一)人文关怀的涵义
“人文”是一个内涵极其丰富的概念。人文最初指的是礼教文化。就起源看,我国儒家典籍《诗》、《书》、《礼》、《易》、《春秋》中,已经出现崇尚文明、肯定人的价值、倡导主体人格理想的人文思想,并一直在文化教育上f与据统治地位,以后的人文思想虽在不同的历史时期和不同流派中有些变化,但基本上没有脱离儒家思想的初衷。在西方语境中.人文包含着以人为本、尊重人的价值和尊严,保障人权等意义。总体而言,人文是指人类社会化进程中所垡现的以人为中心的各种文化现象的总和。在现代高等教育中,人文足指体现人生价值、信念、理想和德行的精神。
“关怀”指一种投注或全身心的投入,在精神上具有某种责任感,对某事或某人报有担心和牵挂感,因此“关怀”具有极强的责任感和情感投入性。关怀行为完成于被关怀者的接受和改变,至少应该包含两个重要环节:一是关怀者对被关怀者的真正接受,不把他人作为一堆客观的“数据”来分析,二者是平等的“你一我”关系,这种接受状态以搁置成见和控制欲望为前提,需要双方积极交流、共同努力;二是“动机移植”,即关怀者的关怀动机必须流向被关怀者并使其受到影响,关怀者未必致力于满足被关怀者的所有需要,而应坚持正确的目标指向,使这种关怀得到接受和认可后产生效果。如果被关怀者的需要或者目的不正确,关怀者也不该盲目关怀,应该理性引导,帮助其调整到正确的动机上来。
“人文关怀”蕴涵了对人的主体地位,对符合人性的需求、生存状态、生活条件以及保障的关注,对人的尊严、人格、诚信等品质的肯定,是对人类的幸福与自由的追求,其核心表现为对人的精神价值和人性的重视。人文关怀作为一种人本文化,一种人文情节,是一种充满爱和情感的现代教育理念与取向。是对生命的关爱,对人性的关怀,其核心在于一切从人自身出发,以人自身为中心,重视人的价值,强调人的尊严,注重从人的精神层面去关怀人,让人的生命自由健康成长,以人的幸福和全面发展作为终极关怀。
(二)高校思想政治工作中构建人文关怀机制的必要性
我国高校思想政治工作中对受教育者倾注的人文关怀还做得很不够。严重影响了高校思想政治工作的效果。当前高校思想政治工作中人文关怀缺失主要表现在以下几个方面:
一是思想政治工作的目标价值定位错位。思想政治工作就本身的价值追求而言,它既有培养人的内在价值,又有造福社会的外在价值。而现实中高校思想政治工作特别强调“社会本位”、
“集
体本位”,存在对社会价值重视、对个人价值轻视的倾向。这种典型的“社会本位论”使得许多大学生对思想政治工作不感兴趣,甚至带有某种排斥和逆反心理,这也是当前高校思想政治工作难以取得实效的重要原因之一。
二是思想政治工作的方法僵化。现实中的高校思想政治丁作还是过分强调“灌输式”的教育方法。在实际的思想政治丁作中常常采取“灌输式”和“填鸭式”的方法,不把受教育者当作活生生的人来看待,而把受教育者看作接受器和“驯服二I:具”来培养,作为“道德之洞”、
“美德之袋”进行注入。高校思想政治工作中这
种僵化的灌输方法也使得教育更多的被诉诸于规章制度及行政管理手段,更多的理解为说教管理及无条件的服从,而不是从人性的角度出发去关心人的发展,体现人性的需要。
三是思想政治工作对受教育者事体性的轻视。思想政治工作应该尊重受教育者的主体地位,在心理自由的状态下接受思想道德教育,形成思想道德认识和道德实践的认知能力。而当前我们高校思想政治工作过程中,较多的实施的是“单边政策”,往往不重视师生的双边活动,而是过分突出教师的主导作用及权威,很少照顾到大学生的思想状况和心理特点。轻视或完全忽视大学生在教育过程中的主观能动性和主体地位,忽视了大学生在接受过程中的感受。导致其积极性被严重挫伤,产生强烈的逆反心理。这种对人文精神的漠视,直接导致_r人文关怀的缺失。
总之,高校思想政治工作中人文关怀的缺失表现是多方面的。它严重影响了高校思想政治工作功能和作用的发挥。因此。注重人文关怀是提高高校思想政治工作主动性和实效性的重要途径。在高校思想政治工作中只有高度注重人文关怀,关注大学生的需求、关注其生存需要、尊重其主体地位,才能有针对性地做好大学生的思想政治工作,不断提高高校思想政治工作的主动性和实效性。面对当前我国经济体制深刻变革、社会结构深刻变动、利益格局深刻调整、思想观念深的刻变化对大学生思想政治和道德观念产生的负面影响,注重人文关怀以不断加强和改进高校思想政治工作必然成为其强化文化育人功能、促进大学生综合素质全面发展的客观需要。
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衄奎型堇
万方数据
2010年第10期

Willy'sResponsibilityforHisOwnTragedy
作者:作者单位:刊名:英文刊名:年,卷(期:被引用次数:
梅娟
江汉艺术职业学院,湖北武汉,433100大科技·科技天地SUPERSCIENCE2010,(100次

参考文献(12条1.查看详情2.查看详情3.查看详情

4.Dwyer,DavidwTragedyandtheCommonMan.OnlinePosting20105.Miller,ArthurTragedyandtheCommonman.OnlineRe-posting20106.阿瑟·密勒.陈良廷阿瑟·密勒剧作选19807.张耘现代西方戏剧名家名著选评19998.梅绍武阿瑟·密勒心目中的尤金·奥尼尔19919.Miller,ArthurDeathofasalesman198610.Miller,ArthurDeathofaSalesman191011.查看详情12.查看详情

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