名词性从句讲解-

发布时间：

名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的从句叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses）。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

一、引导名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 第一类：连词：that（无任何词意），whether, if（均表示―是否‖表明从句内容的不确定性），它们在从句中均不充当任何成分。
第二类：连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which，whichever，whomever它们常在从句中做主语、表语、宾语或定语。
第三类：连接副词：when, where, how, why它们常在从句中做状语。

二. 主语从句
在句子中做主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如：
1. What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。
2. Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。
3. How he became a writer is known to us. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
4. Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。
5. Whoever leaves last must shut the window and lock the door. 6. That he was late for class again made the teacher very angry. 7. Whether we will have an exam hasn’t been decided.

**有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语放于句首代替主语从句，而把主语从句置于句末。常用句型如下：
（1） It + be + 名词 + that从句 例如：
It’s a pity that you can’t go to the cinema with me. It’s no wonder that he has passed the exam. （2）It + be + 形容词 + that从句
It is necessary that we should take some measures to protect the environment. （3）It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句
It is reported that the star Liu Ye got married with a French girl the other day. 常用于此句型的过去分词有：said, believed, hoped, supposed, suggested等。 （4）It + 不及物动词 + that 从句
It happened that I was out when you called me. It suddenly occurred to/ stuck me that I hadn’t locked the door.

**另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气―(should +do‖，常用的句型有：
It is necessary (important, natural, strange, wonderful、good、proper、right、wrong、well、fortunate、important、necessary、useless、likely、probable、impossible etc. that + 主语 + should + do …… It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc. that…

It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc. that + 主语 + should + do …… 例如： It is requested that every boy should serve the army for two years. 在以上句型中should常可省略

三、宾语从句
在句子中作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句和表语从句的关联词大致一样， 1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句
由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：
We must never think (that we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.
He has told me (that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow and that he will stay there for a few weeks.

**注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用―（should）+ 动词原形‖。例如： I insist that she (should do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。
The commander ordered that troops (should set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。

2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意从句语序要用陈述语序。例如： I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。

She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。 She will give whoever needs help a warm support.

3. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，
当主句动词是现在时时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。例如： I know (that he studies English every day. （从句用一般现在时） I know (that he studied English last term. （从句用一般过去时） I know (that he will study English next year. （从句用一般将来时） I know (that he has studied English since 1998. （从句用现在完成时）

当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外）时，从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；但当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如：
The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America． He said that he would go to Hong Kong the next week.

4. think, believe, imagine, suppose等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式转移到主句中。例如：
We don’t think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。 I don’t believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。

四、表语从句
在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，另外 as if/though和because也可引导表语从句。表语从句位于连系动词后。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + 从句。例如：
The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。

That’s just what I want. 这正是我想要的。
This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。
That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。
It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。
He didn’t come to school yesterday. That’s because he was ill.

**需要注意的是：
1. 当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：
The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning .

【注意】whether 可引导表语从句，但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。 例如： The problem is whether we can get enough money to finish the project. 2. 若句子的主语是suggestion, advice, desire, order, request, demand, 等表示要求、命令、建议等意义的词，则表语从句常用―（should）+ 动词原形‖。例如： My suggestion is that we (should set off at once.
五、同位语从句
同位语从句对其前面的名词进行解释，使其内容具体化。同位语从句通常由that或wh-词引导，可接同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、dream、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如： The news that we won the game is exciting. 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。 I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。
The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。
Nobody answered the question who broke the window. 没人回答谁打破了窗户这个问题。

若同位语从句前面的名词是advice、demand、request、suggestion、order等时，同位语从句常用―（should）+ 动词原形‖。例如：
You’d better take his suggestion that Tom should not be fit for the job.

**同位语从句和定语从句的区别：

That或which， who和whose作为关系代词引导定语从句时，指代定语从句的先行词，在从句中充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，在从句不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。 Who和which引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，在从句中充当成分。意思分别为“谁”、“哪一个”和“谁的” 试比较下面两组例句:
I had no idea that you were here．（that引导同位语从句，不能省略）
Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）

Nobody answered the question who broke the window. Nobody saw the boy who broke the window.
六．名词性从句需注意的地方
1. whether与if 在作―是否‖的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：
a. 引导主语从句并放在句首时； b. 引导表语从句时；

c . 引导的从句作介词宾语时； d. 引导词后有―or not‖时； e. 后接动词不定式时；

f. 用if会引起歧义时。例如：
1. Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。
○2. The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test?
○3. Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。
○4. I wonder whether or not he will come. 我想知道他来还是不来。
○5. Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告诉我是去还是留？
○6. Could you tell me if you know the answer? 这句话有两种意思：―你能告诉我是否知道答案吗？‖或○―如果你知道答案，请告诉我，好吗？‖。如用whether可避免歧义.

2. what与which 在名词性从句中如果有供选择的范围用which引导，若没有则用what. 例如： I don’t know what present I should give Mary for her birthday. There are so many books in the shelf that I don’t know which I should read first.
3. who与whoever，who在名词性从句中是“谁”的意思，从句内容侧重谁做什么，而whoever意为“无论谁”，从句内容强调无论谁做那件事，侧重事，常可改成anyone who, 而who则不能。例如：
Please tell me who broke the window. I will give whoever helps me a thousand dollars as a reward.

七、高考热点透视
1. ___ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET 1995 A. There B. This C. That
D. It 答案D。当名词从句在句中作主语时，为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语从句放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无实义。此句也可以改写为：That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact. 2．A computer can only do ____ you have instructed it to do．（NMET2001） A．how B．after C．what D．when
答案C。从句子结构可知，句子的空白处应该填引导宾语从句的连词，做主句谓语动词do的宾语，同时该连接词还是从句中的do的宾语，因此，此处的连接词应该用what。 3. He asked ____ for a violin．（MET1992）

A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
答案：D。宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，句子语序要用陈述语序。
4. What the doctors really doubt is ____ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon．（上海2001年春季招生）

A. when B. how C. whether D. why
答案C。这是一个表语从句。根据 doubt一词可知，所怀疑的应是是否能治好病，所以要填whether。这句话的意思是―医生真的怀疑我妈妈是否能很快从重病中恢复过来。‖
5．It is generally considered unwise to give a child _____he or she wants. (NMET1997 A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 答案B。根据句意―一般认为孩子要什么就给什么是不好的。‖可以看出后面的从句应是一个宾语从句，而从句中wants缺少宾语，A. however 和D. whenever是不能作宾语的；排除A和D，whichever表示―无论哪一个，无论哪些‖，应表示一定范围内的人或物，此处没有涉及事物的范围，所以应选 B．whatever，表示―无论什么‖。

6. ______leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. (MET1988 A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever
D. Who 答案C。本题句子的意思是：无论谁最后离开房间一定要把灯关掉。本题考查连接代词whoever引导的名词性从句，连接代词whoever可以引导名词性从句，并在从句中作主语，相当于any person who或The person who, 意为―一切……的人‖。而anyone和the person均非连词，不能引导从句，况who leaves the room last意为―某个最后离开房间的人‖，与题意不符，如果要选A. Anyone或B. The person，都必须在它们后面再加上引导定语从句的关系代词who。如果要选D. Who就体现不出―无论谁‖的含义了。
7. Sarah hopes to become a friend of ______shares her interests. (Shanghai1995 A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever
D. no matter who 答案为C。本题句子的意思是：Sarah希望跟自己有共同爱好的人交朋友。疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的从句的区别是：前者既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导让步状语从句；后者只能引导让步状语从句。首先排除A和D，从句中需要的是主语，所以whomever也不行。 8. ---- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
---- Is that ______ you had a few days off ? ( NMET1999 A. why B. what C. when D. where
答案A。根据语境，甲说上周驱车去珠海观看航模展览。乙据此来询问甲这是否是请几天假的原因，故答案是A。答案B,C, D均与该题语境不符。根据上句提供的语境，下句应该问―那就是你为什么离开几天的原因吗？‖
9. I still remember ______ this used to be a quiet village. ( NMET1993 A. when B. how C. where D. what
答案A。根据从句中缺少的句子成分是状语，排除D．what，而答案C, D均与题意不符，所以应选A．when。used to be表示一种过去存在的状态，本句的意思是―我仍然记得这里在什么时候是个宁静的地方。‖
10．I read about it in some book or other，does it matter ____ it was？（2001春季招生） A．where B．what C．how D．which 答案D。这是一个主语从句。主语从句中缺少表语。从上句的意思分析，应是哪本书，所以要填which，这句话的意思是―我在某本书中读到过有关这方面的内容，是哪一本书重要吗？‖。

11. Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C when D. as (2001年上海
答案B。该题考查that引导的同位语从句。同位语从句通常由that引导，接在fact, news, promise, possibility, information, doubt, message名词后，用来解释或说明名词的内容。 12. —I think it is going to be a big problem. —Yes, it could be. —I wonder ______ we can do about it. (北京 2002春季 A、if B、how C、what D、that 答案C。本题考察名词性从句的连接词的用法。wonder后面应跟宾语从句，而从句中的谓语动词do是及物动词，可见从句缺少一个代替宾语的成分，我们可以用排除法排除不作成分的if和that，再排除引导方式状语的how，答案是C，句子的意思是―我们能就此做些什么‖。

八、专项考点练习一
1. ________that they found an unusual plant in the forest. A. It is said B. They are said C. It said D. It says 2. _____ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
A. What B. That C. How D. Where
3. It worried Mary a lot _____ she would pass the college entrance examination. A. whether B. if C. that D. how

4. Shanghai has taken on a new look. It isn’t like _____ it used to be . A .what B. how C. that D. which
5. ____ is no possibility ______ Bob will win the first prize in the match.
A. There, that B. It, that C. There, whether D. It, whether 6. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster ____ he had done the day before. A .that B. how C .what D. where
7. The old man smiled when he saw how pretty _____ up to be during the past few years. A. had his daughter grown B. would his daughter grow C. his daughter would grow D. his daughter had grown
8. Have you seen Mary lately? My boss wants to know _______. A. how she is getting along B. how is she getting along C. what she is getting along
D. what is she getting along 9. ____surprised me most was _____such a little girl of seven could play the violin so well. A. That; what B. What; that C. That; that D. What; what 10. These wild flowers are so special I would do ______ I can to save them.
A. whatever B. which C. that D. whichever 11. _____ helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. The person 12. Eat _____ you like and leave the others for _____ comes in late.
A. any; who B. every; whoever C. whichever; whoever D. either; whoever
13. ____ she couldn’t understand was _____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. A. What; why B. That; why C. What; because D. Why; that 14. It was ____ he said ___ disappointed me.
A. What; that B. That; that C. What; what D. That; what
15. It was ordered that all the soldiers _______to the front. A. should send B. must be sent C. should be sent D. must go 16. The true value of life is not in ______, but _______. A. which we get; what give we B. what we get; what we give C. which do we get; what do we give D. how we get; that we give 17. We are all for your proposal that the discussion _______. A. be put off B. was put off C. should put off D. is to be put off 18. Go and get your coat．It's ____ you left it．

A. where B. there C. here where D. where there
19. Sarah hopes to become a friend of ______ shares her interests. A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who 20. You can’t imagine ______ when they received these nice Christmas presents. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited

名词性从句练习二

1.It is pretty well understood ___ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. A. that B. when C. what D. how
2.___ made the school proud was ___ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. A. What; because B. What; that C. That; because 3. –Are you still thinking abut yesterday’s game?
-Oh, that’s ____. A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited 4. –look at what you are doing! -Ah, I wonder ___ this boot won’t fit me. I’ve been trying to put it on the wrong foot. A. how B. if C. why D. that
5. Although most of them have no doubt ___ he will pass the exam, I still think there is something about ___ he has really got everything ready. A. whether; that B. that; whether C. that; that D. whether; whether 6. The question came up at the meeting ___ we had enough money for our research. A. that B. what C. which
D. whether 7. ___ ways will be found to stop pollution or not is just ___ worries the public. A. If; why B. Whether; which C. If; that D. Whether; what 8. I really wonder ___ he has posted me many packages ___ we worked together. A. why; when B. why; since
C. when; before 9. ___ David says sounds right to Helen. That’s why she has made up her mind to leave with him happens. A. Whatever; whatever B. No matter what; whatever C. Now matter what; whatever D. Whatever; however 10. Some of the scientists held the point ___ ___ the book said was tight. A. what; what B. what; that C. that; that
D. that; what 11. __ she wouldn’t understand was ___ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D . Why; that 12. The difficulty we now meet with is ___ we can persuade him to tell the truth. A. whether B. that C. what
D. why 13. There is little doubt ___ her advice is of greater value to us. A. that B. whether C. why
D. if 14. IN some countries, __ is called ―equality‖ does not really mean equal rights for all people. A. which B. what C. that
D. one 15. The fact came up ___ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old. A. what B. which C. that D. whose
16. There are signs ___ restaurants are becoming more popular with families. A. that B. which C. in which
D. whose 17. Although Anne is happy with her success she wonders ___ will happen to her private life. A. that B. what C. which D. whether
18. We agreed to accept ___ they thought was the best tourist guide.
A. whatever B. whomever C. whichever D. whoever
19. When I try to understand __ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes.
A. why is does B. what it does C. what it is D. why it is 20. The fact ___ most people believe nuclear war would be madness doesn’t mean that it will not occur.
A. that B. which C. that
D. why 21. __ we have achieved is attributed to the guidance of out teachers.
A. Whoever B. Whatever C. However D. That 22. I have made it clear ___ I will never go back there. A. when B. that C. where D. however
23. His ability has never been in doubt – the question is ___ he is prepared to work hard.

A. that B. if C. where D. whether
24. Sometimes we are asked ___ we think the likely result of an action will be. A. that B. what C. if D. whether 25. ___ some mammals came to live in the sea is not known. A. Which B. Since C. Although
D. How 26. The people of the party were worried about Janet because no one knew ___ she had gone. A. there B. where C. in which D. the place where 27. They are so alike that you can’t tell ___ is which. A. what B. that C. which D. how 28. Did you want me to ask father ___? A. when he would let us go B. when would he let us go C. when did he let us go D. when he let us go 29. A new television series teach handicapped children ___ they can and should think about career development. A. what B. that C. which D. who 30. – I think it’s going to be a big problem. - Yes, it would be.
- I wonder ___ we can do about it. A. if B. how C. what D. that
31. When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: always give the monkey exactly ___ he wants. A. what B. which C. when D. that 32. Please tell me ___ you want your coffee, back or white? A. when B. what C. how D. which 33. ___ she was invited to the ball made her very happy. A. If B. That C. When D. Because
34. It’s no longer a question now ___ man can land on the moon.
A. that B. which C. whether D. what
35. Determination is a kind of basic quality and this is ___ it takes to do jobs well. A. what B. that C. which
D. why 36. __ the flight to New York will be delayed is ___ I’m especially worried about. A. If; what B. Whether; that C. When; that D. Whether; what
37. All finished, we sat down to enjoy ___ we thought the most delicious dinner. A. that B. which C. what D. it
38. A decision was made ___ those who once led to the factory order to get a job would not be allowed to stay. A. whether B. when C. that
D. once 39. Actually, girls can be ___ they want t be just like boys, whether it is a pilot, a nurse, or a general manager. A. who B. which C. whatever D. no matter what 40. – Don’t answer me with a simple ―Yes‖ or ―No‖.
Explain ___ possible. A. whoever B. whenever C. however D. whatever 41. – I’d like to invite you to a concert this evening. - Thank you, but ___ I’ll be free I’m not sure at the moment. A. while B. if C. when D. whether 42. I kept looking at the man, wondering ___.
A. whether I have seen him before B. where I had seen him before C. that I had seen him before
D. when I had seen him before 43. The Great Wall is the last place ___ Mr Smith is going to visit before he leaves Beijing.
A. where B. which C. / D. what
44. America was ___ was first called ―India‖ by Columbus. A. that B. where C. what
D. the place 45. Id there a shop around ___ I can get a pack of cigarettes? A. which B. where C. that D. what
46. They are teachers and don’t realize to start and ran a company.
A. what takes it B. what they take C. what takes them D. what it take 47. In each house there is a family group of men, ___ are related to each other. A. all who B. all C. of whom
D. all of whom 48. The soldiers soon reached ___ was once an old temple ___ the villagers used as a school. A. which; where B. what; which C. where; which D. what; where 49. It was obvious ___ young artist’s latest work was much better than any other work in the exhibition. A. that B. because C. but because D. that this
50. You have not yet answered my question __ I can join in the arty tonight. A. whether B. if C. which D. that

Part1
1-5AAAAA 6-10CDABA 11-15CCAAC 16-20BAACB PART2 1-5CBACB 6-10DDBAD 11-15AABCA 16-20ABDCC 21-25BBDBD 26-30BCABC 31-35ACBAA 36-40DCCCB 41-45DCCCB 46-50DDBDA
名词性从句完成句子专练
1. __________________________________________________________________________(她正在列表的
are the goods he wants to buy in the supermarket. (list 2. ____________________________________________________(他说了谎is certain. (lie 3. _____________________________________________(山区孩子缺乏的 is pens and textbooks 4. ____________________________________(他在事故中幸存下来 is a miracle. (survive 5. ___________________________________________________________________________(我们要派人去请的 were doctors and nurses at that time. (send 6. ____________________________(她是否为比赛做好了准备 is still a question. (prepare 7. _________________________________________________(我能与你们分享的 is your happiness and sorrow 8. It is clear _________________________________________(无论谁吃的多就会长胖 (put 9. ___________________________________(他们是否去郊游 depends on the weather. (outing 10. _________________________________________________(准时吃药 is important. (take 11. ___________________________________(谁将被派到前线去 has not been decided. (send 12. ________________________________________(我正在考虑的 is how can I solve the problem. (consider 13. He seemed unable to take in ________________________________(我正在讲的内容 (talk
14. _____________________________________________(作弄谁 is not allowed here. (trick 15. _________________________________(你要当心的 is the danger you are facing. (look 16. ____________________________________________(那个队会赢 is still unknown. (win 17. ______________________________(他们什么时候开会 hasn’t been decided yet. (held 18. _______________________________________________________(他们不能习惯的 was that there was no hot water to have bath with. (use 19. _______________________________________________(他去哪里了 is not known yet. (go 20. _______________________________________(犯人是怎样逃跑的 was found out. (escape 21. ___________________________________________________________(他们的共同之处 is that they are not afraid of any difficulties. (common 22. __________________________________(他为什么不说实话 wasn’t quite clear. (truth 23. Is _____________________________________________________(你告诉我的 true? (tell 24. It happened ___________________________________________________________________. (他们在这一点上意见不一致 (disagreement 1. ______________________________________________________________(无论将来中国会取得什么成就, it is likely that many of them will be born in northwestern Beijing.
(store 2. I will never forget ___________________________________________________________(当我再一次踏上中国时我是多么的高兴 （foot）
3. They found themselves _______________________________________________________（被色彩缤纷的岩石所包围）（surround）
4. I found __________________________________ (大学里教的东西很令人失望 （what）
5. The nutrients in ______________________________________________________________ (任何掉到海里的东西 quickly become available. (whatever 6. Even though the pure water is ________________________________________________ (给予海水……的东西 its main properties. (what 7. Water, which seems so simple and common, is ___________________________________ (使生命变
得可能 （what）
8. Here, animals can enjoy all the benefits of the oceans _____________________________ _______________________________________________ (无需面对许多的危险 （have）
9. Water can absorb and give off a lot of heat without big changes in temperature, thus _________________________________________________ (创造一个稳定的环境 （create）
10. ____________________________________________________________________________ (所有这些组织所具备的共同点是 that they ask to be treated with respect. (common 11. ____________________________________ （你建议谁） be sent to work there? (suggest

名词性从句讲解-

推荐内容

相关推荐