全球化的利与弊Economicglobalization英汉
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全球化的利与弊
Economic globalization 全世界都在谈论全球化，有的人认为它是本世纪的发明，有的人看到它的负面影响。 经济上的利与弊：
随着电子货币的到来，投资变得很方便，只要点击一下，大量货币就会从一个国家流通到另一个国家。这就开辟了个人投资的新渠道。
提高了劳工的流动性，因此开辟了前所未有的就业和培训前景。 激烈的竞争促使价格下降和服务的改进，例如送货上门和售后服务。
全球化导致产生统一市场，从而使那些不在这个市场中的国家受到更多的剥削。
仅仅３００家公司就占全球产值的三分之一，占国际贸易的一半。而食品生产则由１２家公司控制。 贫困的劳工群体越来越被排斥在外。不稳定性在增加，１９９７年在欧洲抛售黄金储备的传闻就使南非５万矿工失业。这就是多米诺骨牌效应。
All over the world about globalization, some people think that it is the invention, some people see its negative effects. Economic advantages and disadvantages: With the arrival of electronic money, it's very convenient for investment, click, a lot of money from one country to flow into another country. It opened up new avenues of personal investment. To improve the labor mobility, and thus opened an employment and training. Competitive price and service to the improvement, such as door-to-door and after-sales service. Globalization leads to a single market, so that the market in the country is more exploitation. Only 300 companies is one-third of global output, accounting for half of the international trade. While food production is controlled by 12 companies. Poverty and labor group is excluded. Instability in 1997 in Europe, selling gold reserves rumours that South Africa is 5 million miners unemployment. This is the domino effect.
统一供应的危险性在增长，忽视了市场上产品的多样性。
Supply risk in growth, has neglected the diversity of products on the market.
社会上的利与弊：
在政治上，欧盟和联合国等组织的权力在扩大，这可以在全球决策的舞台上抵消多国公司的作用。媒体的跨国力量有助于控制不公正现象，有助于各国的言论自由。
南北差距在扩大。贫困世界在全球收入中只占１·４％，１０年前占２·３％。
最严重的社会后果是犯罪全球化，对贫困国家劳动力的剥削有增无减。非法移民在增加。 文化上的利与弊：
文化的传播更快了，政治和知识产权的障碍减少了，谁也不能阻止一种文化产品在其国内的传播。“逆殖民化”在加强：例如美国迈阿密和洛杉矶的拉丁化。
亚洲和非洲繁荣城市人口的增长成为文化传播的新的推动力。
最近一份联合国人文发展报告显示，全球文化只朝着一个方向传播：从富国向穷国，而不是从穷国向富国。
在文化生产上，商业利润至上，质量和多样性被忽视。
Politically, the European Union and the United Nations organization such as power in the world, which can be expanded in the decision on the stage of the multinational corporation offset. Multinational force helps to control the media injustices, helps countries freedom of speech. The north-south gap is widening. Poverty in the world in the global income accounts for only 1 percent 10 years ago, of 2, 3. The most serious social consequences of poor countries, the crime of globalization of labor exploitation unabated. Illegal immigrants. Cultural advantages and disadvantages: The spread of culture, politics and faster obstacles of intellectual property rights, nobody can stop a kind of cultural products in its domestic communication. "Inverse colonization" in Miami and strengthen: such as Los Angeles latinized. Asian and African prosperity of urban population growth as the new impetus culture communication. A recent UN humanities culture development worldwide, the report showed only in one direction spread from rich countries to poor countries, rather than from poor to rich countries. In the cultural production, commercial profits paramountcy, quality and diversity are ignored.
教育上的利与弊：
新的全球技术使人们能以低廉的价格，在遥远的地方获得信息。残疾人拥有学习的新手段。先进技术在国际化。
世界上有２００个国家，但在国际新闻界，经常提及的只有１５至２０个国家。 司法上的利与弊：
将制订国际行动法典或建立国际法庭，以解决全球化中的纠纷。
出现了一种新的可能性：干预一些国家的内政。军事、政治和经济行动（封锁、禁运等）成为实现和平的手段。
A new global technology can make people with low prices, in the distant place obtain information. The new method has learning disabled. In the international advanced technology. The world has 200 countries, but in the international press, often mention only 15 to 20 countries. The advantages and disadvantages of the judicial: International action to establish the international court, code or to solve the disputes in the globalization. A new possibilities: the interention some country's internal affairs. The military, political and economic blockade, embargo act (etc become peaceful means. 原文提要：全球经济一体化的鼓吹者抱有乌托邦式的想法，他们认为如果 向商务和资本开放其大门，发展中国家就将受益。这种浅薄的承诺不仅转移了 贫穷国家的视线，而且还分散了它们的资源，使它们无法再注重本国促进经济 增长所需要的那些至关重要的创新做法。
The global economic integration: the utopian ideas about advocates, they think that if To open their doors and capital, developing countries will benefit. This commitment is not only a transfer Poor countries, but also their resources, and scatter them unable to notice its economic Growth needed those important innovation practice. 【本刊讯】美国《外交政策》双月刊３—４月一期刊登哈佛大学肯尼迪政治学院国际政治经济学教授丹尼·罗德里克的一篇文章，题为《梦幻中的贸易》，摘要如下：
American foreign policy "bimonthly 3-4 months issue of Harvard University, published in international politics and economics, Kennedy political college professor, Danny LuoDeLiKe an article entitled dream, the trade, the following: 与世界经济融为一体绝非像拆除贸易和投资壁垒那样简单。各国现在还必须遵循一整套入场要求，从新制订的专利规定到较为严格的银行标准等。经济一体化的积极鼓吹者开列出一张实行全面体制改革的处方（根据这张处方，即使今天的先进国家也需要几代人才能完成）。届时发展中国家可以最大程度地享受其带来的好处，而且还可以将参与世界经济的风险降低到最低程度。全球经济一体化出于种种现实目的已经成为发展战略的替代物了。
With the world economy is merged as dismantled barriers to trade and investment. Countries still must follow a new set of requirements, the provisions of the patent to strict standards of Banks. The economic globalization actively advocates open list all-round reform prescription (according to this prescription, even today's advanced countries also need a few generations can finish. When developing countries can enjoy the maximum benefits, but also can participate in the world economy to minimize the risk reduction. The global economy integration of various practical purpose has become the development strategy of the alternatives. 世界市场是技术和资本的来源。发展中国家如果不去利用这些机会，那将是愚蠢的。不过，全球化并非是发展的捷径。成功的经济发展战略一般都需要将引进的方法与本国制度上的创新做法巧妙地结合在一起。决策者需要依靠本国的投资者和本国的制度来制订发展战略。经济一体化设想中代价最高的不利之处在于它竭力排斥他人为实现经济一体化而提出的一些认真的想法以及作出的努力。
真诚地接受经济一体化正统观念的国家逐步发现，本国的开放并未给它们带来好处。尽管自８０年代以来降低了它们国家对贸易和投资的壁垒，但拉美和非洲许多国家的经济仍然停滞不前，或者发展的速度还不如６０年代和７０年代进口替代时期来得快。相比之下，经济发展最快的国家是中国、印度和东亚及东南亚的一些国家。这些国家的决策者也赞成贸易和投资自由化，但他们采用的并不是正统方式，而是逐步地、有序地，而且是在最初的高速发展之后才实行贸易和投资自由化的。他们还把这种做法当作一揽子更广泛的、具有诸多不同寻常特点的政策的一部分。
The world market is technology and capital source. In developing countries, if not to use these opportunities, it would be foolish. However, the development of the globalization is not shortcuts. Successful economic development strategy are generally need to introduce the method and its institutional innovation practice ably combined together. Decision makers need to rely on domestic investors and its system to make development strategy. Economic integration in the idea of the highest price in it to reject others to achieve economic integration and put forward some ideas and earnest efforts. Sincerely accept orthodox ideas of national economic integration, the open country gradually to their benefit. Although since the 1980s reduced their countries for trade and investment barriers, but in many countries in Latin America and Africa, or stagnant economy still the speed of development as well as the 1960s and 1970s faster import substitution period. Compared with the fastest growing economy in China, India and the country's east and southeast Asian countries. These countries also approved the decision makers trade and investment liberalization, but they did not orthodox ways, but gradually, orderly, but is at the beginning of the high speed development after implement trade and investment liberalization. They also take this as a package with many more extensive, the characteristics of the unusual part of the policy.
深度自由化所产生的这种令人失望的结果已经被吸纳到一种相当牢固的信念中去了。那些认为全球一体化是经济发展的先决条件的人现在却告诫说，仅仅开放边界是不够的。他们指出，若想从开放中获得好处，发展中国家还需要全面实行体制改革。
请思考一下贸易自由化的问题。不论谁向世界银行的任何一位官员询问有关实施一项成功的贸易自由化计划的要求是什么，他都可能获得除降低关税和非关税壁垒之外的一长串措施清单：为弥补关税收入而进行税收改革、为解决失业工人的问题而建立社会保障网、为使贸易行为与世界贸易组织的规定相一致而实行行政改革、为提高行业之间人员的流动性而进行劳动力市场的改革、为使那些因进口竞争而伤了元气的公司得到振兴而提供技术帮助、为确保出口型公司和投资者获得熟练工人而实施培训计划等。由于贸易自由化的承诺难以兑现，先决条件便会越加越多。 自由交易
在全球一体化议程中的大多数（肯定不是所有）体制改革都是十分明智的。而且在一个对金融、行政和政治几乎都没有什么限制的世界上，人们对实行体制改革几乎不会提出任何异议。不过，在现实世界中，各国政府在面对如何利用它们的财力、行政管理能力和政治资本时往往会面临艰难的抉择。为使全球经济一体化取得最大结果而确定制度上的重点往往要付出代价，失去一些真正的机会。
The depth of liberalization produced disappointing results have been absorbing to a fairly strong belief. That globalization is the precondition of the development of economy, but warned that are now just open boundary is not enough. They point out that in the open to benefit from developing countries need to implement reforms. Please consider trade liberalization. No matter who the world bank official inquiry about any a successful trade liberalization plan is what he could obtain except reduce tariff and non-tariff barriers outside of a long list of measures to offset tariff revenue list: and tax reform, to solve the problem of unemployment workers and establishing social security network, to make trade behavior and the world trade organization and implement the provisions of administrative reform is consistent, and to improve the liquidity of personnel between industry and labor market reform, to make those for import competition and vitality of the company get hurt and provide technical help, to ensure the export-oriented company and investors and implement training plan skilled workers. Due to the trade liberalization commitments, prerequisites will increasingly more. Free trade Most of the agenda in global integration (certainly not all system reform is very sensible. But in a financial and administrative and political almost none of the restrictions in the world, people to carry out reform almost never raise objections. However, in reality, the governments of how to use them in the face of financial and administrative management ability and political capital will often face a difficult choice. For the global economic integration and maximum results on the system of key tend to pay, lose some real opportunity. 不妨请思考一下某些能够说明问题的交易。世界银行经济学家迈克尔·芬格估计，为实施世界贸易组织三项协议（关于关税估价、卫生及植物卫生和与贸易相关的知识产权的三项协议）规定的要求，一个具有代表性的发展中国家必须花费１５亿美元。正如芬格所指出的那样，这一数额相当于许多最不发达国家一年的发展预算。尽管执行金融规范和标准而支出的费用难以全面估计，但它无疑会使财政和人力资源大量流失。发展中国家的政府难道应该培养出更多的银行审计师和会计师，即使这种投资意味着中学老师的减少和女孩受小学教育的费用下降也罢吗？
有关融入世界经济的各种规则不仅反映出某些人几乎不了解发展重点，而且这些规则本身经常是与可行的经济原则毫不相干的。例如，世界贸易组织关于反倾销、补贴及其相应措施、农业、纺织品、与贸易相关的知识产权等领域的协议缺少任何经济上的合理性，有的只是先进工业国家为数不多有势力的组织的重商主义利益。一些双边和地区贸易协议的情况更糟，因为它们为提高“市场准入”标准而对发展中国家强加了更为苛刻的先决条件。
Might as well, please consider some of the problems that can trade. The world bank economist Michael finger estimates for the implementation of the world trade organization, three agreements (about tariff appraisal, health and plant health and trade of intellectual property rights related to the three agreements requirements, a representative of the developing countries must spend 1
5 billion dollars. As the finger points, the amount
equivalent to many least-developed countries the development budget year. Although execute financial regulations and standards and the expenses to comprehensive estimation, but it will definitely make financial and human resources loss. The governments of developing countries don't should develop more bank certified public accountants and auditors, even if the investment means high school teacher education and school fees by the girl let down? Relevant integration into the world economy of various rules not only reflect some people almost don't understand, but these rules on itself is often and feasible economic principle of recipients. For example, the world trade organization about anti-dumping, subsidies and corresponding measures, agriculture, textiles, and trade fields related to intellectual property rights of the agreement on the economic rationality of lack of any advanced industrial countries, only a few of the organization's mercantilist interests. Some bilateral and regional trade agreements worse, because they "market access for improving the standard of" for developing countries impose more demanding prerequisites.
在金融准则和标准的适用性方面同样存在类似的问题。这些准则完全是建立在英美公司管理方式和拒人于千里之外的金融发展模式的基础之上的。它们堵死了通向金融发展的其它道路，如今天的许多富裕国家（日本、德国和韩国等）所走过的那种道路。
在这些领域，一种“全球化至高无上”的战略排斥着可能更有利于发展的其它模式。融入世界经济所需要的许多制度性改革就个体而言可能是可取的，或者能够带来较为广泛的经济好处。但是，这些重点未必与全面发展议程中的重点相吻合。
In financial criteria and standards in the applicability of the same similar problems. These principles established in the company is completely and management style and is the base of financial development mode. They have also leads to financial development, such as the other way many of today's rich countries (Germany and Japan and Korea etc of the road. In these areas, a kind of "global" strategy, with the supreme rejection is beneficial to the development of other may be more mode. Involved in the world economy needs many institutional reform indiiduals may be advisable, or can bring more extensive economic benefits. However, the key is the key comprehensive development agenda. 