第3节　欧 姆 定 律 [In The Color Purple, Walker portrays several typical characters with the combination of masculine and feminine characteristics in order to show考 中how people grow up for教 becom案ing a perfect "human being" 高and how a harmonious ]

1．电阻是一个只跟导体本身性质有关而跟通过的电流无关的物理量．它反映了导体对电流的阻碍作用．定义式为R＝，其单位是欧姆，简称欧．符号是Ω．常用单位还有千欧和兆欧． [Ke教 Ping defined compensa中tion as "the making up fo案r the loss meaning of the original text due to literal translation". (1991:23) But such defini高tion is so indistinct that we can only see考 compensation in meaning perspective.]

2．欧姆定律的内容是：导体中的电流跟导体两端的电压U成正比，跟导体的电阻R成反比，公式为I＝． [It is said that the couple abide by the principle of "faithfulness and fluency" in 高their translati教on practice. They integrate the literal translation and free translation and also 案take the integration of domestication and foreignization. Suc中h marv考elous translations must delight readers' eyes and feeling. Undoubtedly]

3．欧姆定律是个实验定律，实验表明该定律适用于金属导电和电解质溶液导电，对气体导电和半导体导电并不适用． [Basing on Ke Ping, Xia Tingde redefined it as following: "Compensation is the reparation or making up for the potential 高or occurring loss in the process of translation in terms of tex教t type and translation purpose." (2006:68) Thi案s definition is more concrete than others. Besides, drawing text t中ype and translation purpose into consideration, Xia has mad考e a more comprehensive perspective into the research of compensation]

4．导体的伏安特性曲线：用横轴表示电压U，纵轴表示电流I，画出的I－U关系图线叫做导体的伏安特性曲线，伏安特性曲线直观地反映出导体中的电压与电流的关系．金属导体的伏安特性曲线是一过原点的直线，直线的斜率为金属导体电阻的倒数． [It is said that the couple abid考e by the principle of "faithfulness and fluency" in their translation practice. They integrate the literal 高translation and free translation and also take the 教integration of domestication and foreignization. Such marvelous translations must 中delight readers' eyes and feeling. U案ndoubtedly]

►基础巩固 [It is said that the couple abide by the principle of "faithfulness and fluency" in their translation practice. Th高ey integrate the literal translation and free trans考l中ation and also take the integration of domestication and for案eigniz教ation. Such marvelous translations must delight readers' eyes and feeling. Undoubtedly]

1．在物理学中，我们常用比值法来定义物理量，用此方法反映的是物质或运动的某一属性，与定义式中的各物理量无关，例如电阻R＝请你根据已经学过的中学物理知识再写出两个用比值法定义的物理量：______________、________________． [those who have different culture background can'案t comprehend the text smoothly because of the lack of the same culture background. T教herefore, a translat考ion without compensation of such cultural element中s won't bring "a response very close to what the original readers experienced" (Nida, 1993:118) to the target lan高guage readers]

解析：高中阶段的用比值来定义的物理量比较多．有速度、加速度、功率、电场强度、电势、电流强度(电流)等．从里面选出4个即可． [With the notion of sex equality, Wo考olf observed gender distinctions中 in the patria案rchal society as well as the specialty of female. She also initialized the term androgyny as feminism's values, which presents her ideal of rea高lizing a per教fect "person" by eliminating gender bias and its binary oppression, ]

答案：电场强度E＝ [L考. S. Barkhudarov has similar theory to Nida about教 translation compensation in his Language and案 Translation. In his opinion, the translation can be achieved equivalently to the original text by compensating, which should be on the premise that it obeys the rules of grammar, words and rhe高t中oric of the target language. I]

电势差UAB＝ [It is said that the couple abide by the principle of "faithfu高lness and fluency" in their translation practice. They integ教rate the literal translation and free translation and a考lso take the integration of dome案stication and foreignization. Such m中arvelous translations must delight readers' eyes and feeling. Undoubtedly]

2．(多选)欧姆定律不适用于(CD) [those who have different culture background c教an't comprehend 高the text smoothly because of the lack of the same culture background. Therefore, a 中translation without compensation of such cultural elements won't bring "a response very close to what the original readers experienced" (Nida, 1993:118考) to t案he target language readers]

A．金属导电 B．电解液导电 [National Book教 Award and the Association of American Book Review Award since its publication that causes the sensat高ion at home and abroad. It has been turned into中 a movie, an instant success in the考 Hollywood. Rarely can an African-American novel acquire such a great popularity and fame in 案American literary history.]

C．稀薄气体导电 D．气体导电 [modern and contemporary literary works to western readers with his wife Gl教adys Yang, who is also a noted translator. They make great contributions to the progress of China's translation cause and they also have influenced foreign reader案s. Their monumental work A Dream of Red Mansions is the中 one that is the most discusse考d. Also, their translations of Lu Hsun's works are well-known in the 高field of translation and literature]

3．关于导体的电阻，下列说法中正确的是(B) [Translation defau高中lt and compensation has been discussed pr案eliminarily in western countries. Accord教ing to T考he Theory and practice of Translation, Nida thinks that it is the content that must be conserved at any cost in transferring a text from one language to another. He also holds that if by chance it was possible to convey the same content in the target language in a form which closely resembles that of the source, ]

A．由R＝知道，一段导体的电阻跟它两端的电压成正比，跟通过它的电流成反比 [Celie is confined to her family due 考to her submission and she suffers a lot. With the help of Shug, she revolts doggedly for her liberation, and finally realizes her self-案reliance and equality高. Her self-recognition journey illustrates an中drogyny complete教ly]

B．由I＝知道，通过一段导体的电流跟加在它两端的电压成正比，跟导体的电阻成反比 [Ali教ce Walker devo中tes herself to the racial and sexual liberation of black women in white male-dominated society by producing at length on issues of race高, gender and考 nature, three necessary ingredients of her works. Her most successful novel The Color Purple is 案honored the Pulitzer Prize,]

C．比较几只电阻的I－U图线可知，电流变化相同时，电压变化较小的图线对应电阻的阻值较大 [Celie is confined to he高r family due to her submission and she suffers a lot. With the help of Shug, she revolts doggedly for her liberation, and finally realizes her self-relia教nce and equality. Her self-案recognition journey illustrates androgyn中y 考completely]

D．导体中的电流越大，电阻就越小 [In the eighty to ninety centuries, some words in The True Story of Ah Q had long bec案ome an intrinsic part of the Chinese vocabulary. By means of sel考f-talk and self-deception, Lu Hsun not only traced a story 高of a tramp from the peasant class 中with little education, but also create教d the cultural term of "spiritual victories" in the story, ]

4．(多选)已知两个导体的电阻之比R1∶R2＝2∶1，那么(BC) [modern and contemporary literary works to western readers with his wife Gladys Yang考, who is also a noted translator. They make great contributions to the progress of China's translation cause and they also have infl中uenced foreign readers. Their monumental work A Dream of Red Mansions is the one that is the most discussed. A案lso, their translations of Lu Hsun's works are well-known in the field of translat高ion and 教literature]

A．若两导体两端电压相等，则I1∶I2＝2∶1 [According to Approache中s to Translation written by Peter Newmark, there are two types of translation and he calls them commun高icative translation and semantic translation. Th教e basic difference between them is 案the stress on message and meaning. He argues that different translation methods should be used考 to deal with text]

B．若两导体两端电压相等，则I1∶I2＝1∶2 [With the notion of sex equality, Woolf observed gender dist教inctions in the patriarchal society as well as the specialty of female. She also initialized the term androgyny as 高feminism's values, which presents her id案eal of realizing a pe考rfect "person" by eliminating gender bias and its中 binary oppression, ]

C．若导体中电流相等，则U1∶U2＝2∶1 [National Book Award and the案 教Association of American Book R中eview Award since its publicat高ion tha考t causes the sensation at home and abroad. It has been turned into a movie, an instant success in the Hollywood. Rarely can an African-American novel acquire such a great popularity and fame in American literary history.]

D．若导体中电流相等，则U1∶U2＝1∶2 [With the n考otion of sex equality, Woolf observed gender distinct高ions in the patriarc案hal society as well as the specialty of femal中e. She also initialized the term androgyny as feminism's values, which presents her ideal of realizing a perfect "person" by eliminating gender bias and its binar教y oppression, ]

5．在描绘小灯泡的伏安特性曲线时，采用如图所示电路，实验中发现移动滑动变阻器的滑片时，电流表的示数变化而电压表的指针不动，下列原因可能的是(C) [The Yang's are the most distinguished team of Chinese-English translations. 案Yang Xia中nyi is one of the most outstanding literary translators in Chinese translation h高istory. Throughout his lif教e, he has 考translated numerous Chinese classical,]

[With the notion of sex 考equality, Woolf observed gender distinctions in教 the中 patriarchal society as well as the sp案ecialty of female. She also initialized the term androgyny as feminism's values, which presents her ideal of realizing a perfect "person" by eliminating gender bias and its binary oppr高ession, ]

A．灯泡中灯丝已烧断 [English translation the true story of Ah考 Q for example to roughly analyze how the Yangs deal with the cultur高al default in different default elements. In addit教ion, this study will make a significant theoretical and prac中tical contribution to the study of compensation which may be an effective solution to cul案ture default]

B．滑片接触不良 [Translation default and案 compensation has been discussed preliminarily in western countries. According to The Theory and practice of中 Translation, Nida thinks that it is the content that must be conserved at any co教st in tr高ansferring a text from one language to another. He also holds that if by chance it was poss考ible to convey the same content in the target language in a form which closely resembles that of the source, ]

C．灯泡内部短路 [The composition has been translated into more than twenty languages. 高Since it is located with a lot of cult中ural elements, including rel考igious beliefs, moral principles, customs, which presents barriers in unders案tanding of the readers from diff教erent culture,]

D．滑动变阻器A端接触不良 [Alice Walker is an Amer案ican novelist, short-story writer, poet, essayist, and activist. Her most famous novel, The Color Purple, was awarded the Pulit教zer Prize and the National Book Award in 19中83. Alice Walker's creative vision is rooted in the economic hardship, racial 高terrorism, and folk wisdom of Afric考an American life and culture,]

解析：由题图知若电压表的电阻无穷大，移动滑片时，因电流表示数有变化，故和电流表串联的回路中不存在断点，故A错．若滑片接触不良，电路中不可能有电流，故B错．若滑动变阻器A端接触不良，滑片移动时电流表和电压表读数均变化，故D错．若灯泡内短路则灯泡两端电压为零，电压表指针不变，移动滑片时，只有电流表指针变化，故选C. [Studies on the psychological androgyny has a long h教高istory in the West. The most f案amous psychological experts 考are Fr中eud and Jung. Through numerous researches on real people, Freud drew into a conclusion that it was tough to find a pure masculine man or a pure feminine woman in the world. On the contrary,]

►能力提升 [in each of us two power preside, one male, one female; and in the man's bra教in the man predominat案es over the woman, and in the woman's brain 考the woman predo高minates over the man…Coleridge perhaps中 meant this when he said that a great mind is androgynous. ]

6．(多选)某导体中的电流随其两端电压的变化情况如右图所示，则下列说法中正确的是(AD) [The Yang中's are the most distingui案shed team o教f Chinese-English translations. Yang Xianyi is one of the most outstanding literary translators in Chinese translation hi考story. Throughout his life, he has translated numerous高 Chinese classical,]

[in each of us two power preside, one male, one female; and in the man's brain th高e man predominates over th考e woman, and in the woman's brain the woma中n predominates over the man…Cole案ridge perhaps meant this when h教e said that a great mind is androgynous. ]

A．加5 V电压时，导体的电阻约是5 Ω [Ke Ping defined compensa高tion as "the making up for the loss 教meaning of the original text due to literal tra考nslation". (1991:23) But such definition is so indistinct that we can only se案e compensation in中 meaning perspective.]

B．加11 V电压时，导体的电阻约是1.4 Ω [When talking ab案out cu教ltural default, we should firstly talk about default. Brown an考d Yule (1983:96) argue: Knowledge of the world is a basis for the interpretation of a dis中course. In representation of this knowledge，conventional aspects of a sit高uation can be treated as default elements]

C．由图可知，随着电压的增大，导体的电阻不断减小 [ Finally he is forgiven by Celie and becomes her physical and spiritual mate. Another black woman Shu教g, a bea案utiful lady, is also the ideal embodi高ment of androgyny. "That when I notice how Shug talk and act sometimes like a man. Men say stuff考 like that to women, Girl, you look like a go中od time." (]

D．由图可知，随着电压的减小，导体的电阻不断减小 [When talking about cultural default, we should firstly talk about default. 中Brown and Yule (1983:96) argue: Know高ledge of the world is a basis for the interpretation of a discourse教. In representation of this k案nowledge，conventional aspects of a situation考 can be treated as default elements]

解析：对某些导体，其伏安特性曲线不是直线，但曲线上某一点的值仍表示该点所对应的电阻值．本题中给出的导体在加5 V电压时，值为5，所以此时电阻约为5 Ω；当电压增大时，值增大，即电阻增大，综合判断可知A、D正确． [Ke Ping defined compensation as "the making up for the loss meaning o高f the original text due中 to literal translat教ion"考. (1991:23)案 But such definition is so indistinct that we can only see compensation in meaning perspective.]

7．某同学对四只电阻各进行一次测量，把每一个电阻两端的电压和通过它的电流在U－I坐标系中描点，得到了如图中a、b、c、d四个点，其中阻值最大的是(A) [National Book Award and the Association of American Book Review Award since its publication that causes the sensation at home and abroad. 考It has been turned into a 中movie, an instant success in the Hollywood. Rarely can a教n African-American 高novel acquire such a great popularity and fame 案in American literary history.]

[Celie is confined教 to her family due to her su案bmission and she suffers a 考lot. With the help of Shug, she revolts doggedly for her liberation, and finally中 realizes her self-reliance and equality. Her self-recognitio高n journey illustrates androgyny completely]

A．a B．b [English translation the true story of Ah Q for example to roughly analyze how the Yangs deal wi考th the cultural default in different default element教s高. In addition, this study will make a si中gnificant theoretical and practical con案tribution to the study of compensation which may be an effective solution to culture default]

C．c D．d [Alice Walker devotes herself to the racial and sexual 中liberation of black women in white male-dominat高ed society by producing at length on issues of race, gender 案and nature, three necessary ingredients of her works. Her most successful novel The Color Purple is 考honored the Pulitzer P教rize,]

解析：由题意知，将图中a、b、c、d四个点，分别于O点相连，可得四只电阻的U－I图象，如图所示，又因U－I图象的斜率表示电阻，可得a的阻值最大，所以A正确． [National Book Award and the Association of American Book Revi高ew Awar中d since its publication that causes the sensation at home and abroad. It has been turned into a movie, an instant success in the Hollywood. Rarely can a考n African-Amer案ican novel acquire such a great popularity and fame in American literary history.教]

[In The Color Purpl案e, Walker portrays several typical characters with the combination of masculine and考 femin教ine characteristics in orde高r to show how people grow up for becoming a perfect "human being" and ho中w a harmonious ]

8．已知灯丝的电阻不是一个固定的值，它随温度的升高而逐渐变大．现有一只标有“220 V，60 W”的白炽灯泡，加上的电压U由0逐渐增大到220 V．在此过程中，电压U和电流I的关系可用图线表示．在如图所示的四个图线中，符合实际的是(B) [those who have different culture back高ground can't comprehend the text smoothly 案because of the lack of the same culture background. Therefore, a translation 考without compensation of such cul中tural elements won't bring "a response very close 教to what the original readers experienced" (Nida, 1993:118) to the target language readers]

[Alice Walker is one of the American's most influential and talented writers whose masterpiece The Color Purple brought案 her the Pulitzer Prize in 1983 an中d the American Book Award in高 1984. 考In this novel, a 教variety of roles with femininity and masculinity are characterized by Walker in accordance with the theory of androgyny.]

解析：由电阻的定义式R＝知：在U－I图线上，某一点的纵坐标U和该点的横坐标I的比值就对应着电阻值R.由于白炽灯泡钨丝的电阻会随温度的升高而增大，当白炽灯上加的电压从零逐渐增大到220 V时，钨丝由红变到白炽，灯丝的温度不断升高，电阻将不断增大，A图线表示为一定值，说明电阻不变，不符合要求；C图线上各点的值随U的增大而减小，也不符合实际；D图线中的的值开始随U的增大而增大，后来随U的增大而减小，也不符合实际；只有B图线中的值随U的增大而变大，符合实际． [those考 who have different c中ulture background can't comprehend the text smoot高hly because of the lack of the same culture background. Therefore, a translation withou案t compensation of such cu教ltural elements won't bring "a response very close to what the original readers experienced" (Nida, 1993:118) to the target language readers]

9．以下是“描绘小灯泡的伏安特性曲线”实验的操作步骤： [Ali教ce Walker devotes herself to the racial and sexual liberation of black women in white male中-dominated society by producing at length on issues of race, gender an案d nature, three necessary ingredients of her works. Her most succ高essful novel The Color Purple is考 honored the Pulitzer Prize,]

A．闭合开关，记下电流表、电压表的一组示数(I，U)，移动滑动变阻器的滑动触头位置，每移动一次记下一组(I，U)值，共测出12组左右的数据 [With the grow中ing connections of culture, the translation of literary composition has become increasingly important. It suggests that translators are facing the challenge of intercultural translation, espec教ially the culture default and compensation in the co考m高position. Such challenge is mainly caused 案by the difference of language]

[ Finally he is forgive高n by Celie and becomes her phys中ical and spiritual mate. Another 案black woman Shug, a beautiful lady, is also the ideal embodiment of androgyny. "That when I notice how 考Shug talk and act some教times like a man. Men say stuff like that to women, Girl, you look like a good time." (]

B．将电流表、电压表、滑动变阻器、小灯泡、电源、开关正确连接成电路．电流表外接，滑动变阻器采用分压式，如图所示 [The Yang's are the most distinguished 中team of Chi教nese-English translations. Yang Xianyi is one of the most out案standing literary translators in Chinese trans考lati高on history. Throughout his life, he has translated numerous Chinese classical,]

C．调节触头位置，使闭合开关前触头处于滑动变阻器的左端 [Alice Walker devotes herself to the racial and sexual libera考tion of black women in white male-dominated 教society by producing at length on issues案 of race, gender and nature, three necessary ingred高ients of her works. Her most successful nove中l The Color Purple is honored the Pulitzer Prize,]

D．按所测数据，在坐标纸上描点并将各点用直线段连接起来，得出小灯泡的伏安特性曲线 [ Finally he is forgiven by Celie and becomes her physical and spirit高ual mate. Another black woman 考Shug, a beautiful lady, is also the ideal embo案diment of androgyny. "That when I notice how Shug talk and act sometimes like a man. Men say stuff like that to w教omen, Girl, you look like a good time."中 (]

(1)以上各步骤中存在错误或不妥之处的是________，应如何改正________________________________________________________________________ [Translation default and compensation has been discussed preliminarily in western countries. According to The Theory and practice of Translation, Nida thinks tha高t it is the content that must be conserved 考at any cost in transferring a text from one language to another. He al中so holds that if by chance it was possible to convey the same content in the ta教rget lang案uage in a form which closely resembles that of the source, ]

(2)将各步骤纠正后，按实验先后顺序排列起来________． [George Steiner 中describes translating process a高s four steps in After Babel: (1) trust (2) aggression (3) import (4) 案restitution/compensation. The first three steps will cause disequilibrium throughout the system by taking away from the sources text and by adding to the target te教xt. (2001) That why there's the forth step. His compensation theory can be described i考n the following items: first, the translating loss occurs throughout the process of translation; second, ]

解析：(1)错误或不妥的步骤是ACD.A步骤：测量不同电压下的电流值I时，应先预设各组数据中的电压U或电流I值，而不是随意测，随意测时会使描点疏密不均匀，画图线时出现较大误差，甚至无法画出I－U图线．C步骤：闭合开关前应使小灯泡两端电压为零，即触头应置于滑动变阻器最右端．D步骤：应将各点用平滑的曲线连接起来． [Ke Ping defined compensation as "the making up for the loss meaning of the original text due to literal t中ranslat案ion". (1991:23) 考But such definition is s教o indistinct that we can only see compensation in meaning perspective高.]

答案：(1)见解析　(2)BCAD [According to Approaches to Translation w考r高itten by Peter Newmark, there 教are two t案ypes of translation and he calls them co中mmunicative translation and semantic translation. The basic difference between them is the stress on message and meaning. He argues that different translation methods should be used to deal with text]

第7节　静电现象的应用 [Celie is co高nfined to her family due t考o her submission and sh教e suf案fers a lot. W中ith the help of Shug, she revolts doggedly for her liberation, and finally realizes her self-reliance and equality. Her self-recognition journey illustrates androgyny completely]

1．通过对静电场中导体的自由电荷运动情况的讨论，了解静电平衡的概念，知道处于静电平衡的导体的特征． [Ke Ping考 defined compensat高ion as "the making up for the loss meaning of the original text due to literal translation". (1991:中23) But such 教definition is so indistinct that 案we can only see compensation in meaning perspective.]

2．通过实验了解静电平衡时带电导体上电荷的分布特点． [Ke Ping defined中 compensation as "the ma高king up for the loss mea案ning of the original text due to literal translation". (1991:23) But 教such definition is so indistinct that we can only see 考compensation in meaning perspective.]

3．了解尖端放电和静电屏蔽现象，关注生活、生产中的静电现象． [George Steiner describes translating process as four steps in After Babel: (1) trust (2) aggression (3) import (4) restitution/compensation.高 The first three steps will cause disequilibrium throughout the system by ta考k中ing away from the sources text and by adding to the target t案ext. (2001) That why there's the forth step. His compensat教ion theory can be described in the following items: first, the translating loss occurs throughout the process of translation; second, ]

[The Yang's are the most distinguish考ed team of Chinese-Engli案sh translations. Yang Xian中yi is one of the most outstanding literary translators in Chinese translation hist教ory. Throughout hi高s life, he has translated numerous Chinese classical,]

1．静电平衡状态． [The考 composition has been translated into more than twenty languages. 教Since it is located with a lot of cultural elemen高ts, i中ncluding religious beliefs, moral principles, customs, which presents barriers in understanding of the readers from different案 culture,]

处于电场中的导体内外电场相互叠加，使导体内部电场减弱，直至为零，导体内部自由电子不再发生定向移动的状态． [in each of 考us two power preside, one male, one female; 高and in the man's brain the man predomi案nates over the woman, and in the woman's brain the woman predominates over the man…Coleridge pe中rhaps meant this when he said that a gr教eat mind is androgynous. ]

2．处于静电平衡状态下导体的特点． [The True Stor高y of Ah Q is an episodic novella 案written by Lu Hsun, first published as a serial between December 4, 1921 and February考 12, 1922 and was later embo教died in his first short story collection Call to Arm中s in 1923.]

(1)处于静电平衡状态下的导体，内部场强处处为零． [National Book Award and 中the Association of American Book高 Review Award since its publication that causes the s案ensation at home and abroad. It has been turned into a movie教, an i考nstant success in the Hollywood. Rarely can an African-American novel acquire such a great popularity and fame in American literary history.]

(2)处于静电平衡状态的整个导体是个等势体，它的表面是个等势面，地球是一个等势体． [ Finally he is forgiven by Celie and becomes her physical and spiritual mate. Another black woma考n Shug, a beautiful lady, is also the ideal embodiment高 of androgyny. "That when I notice how Shug talk and act sometimes like a man案. Men say stuff li中ke that to women, Girl, you look like a good 教time." (]

[L. S. Barkhudarov has similar theory to Nida about教 translation compensation in his Language and Translation. In his opinion, the translation can be achieved equivalently to the original text by compens案ating, which中 should be on the prem高ise that it obeys the rules of gra考mmar, words and rhetoric of the target language. I]

1．导体内部没有静电荷，静电荷分布在导体的外表面． [Alice W教alker is an American novelist, short-story writer, poet, essayist, and activist. Her most famous novel, The Color Purple, was awarded the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award in 1983. Alice Walker's creative vision is rooted in the economic har考d案ship, racial terrorism, and folk 中wisdom of高 African American life and culture,]

2．在导体表面，越尖锐的位置，电荷的密度越大，凹陷的位置几乎没有电荷． [English translation the true story of Ah Q for ex高ample to roughly analyze how the 考Yangs deal with the cultural defaul教t in different default elements. In addition, this study will make a significant theoretical and practical contribution to the study of 案compensation which may be an effective solution to culture 中default]

[Chapter two reviews the study of the cultural default and compensation in intercultural translation and gives brief introducti中on of their 教theories. What's more, through the studies of these scholars, the aut高hor discusses the necessity of compensation in this考 chap案ter]

1．空气的电离：导体尖端电荷密度很大，电场很强，带电粒子在强电场的作用下剧烈运动撞击空气分子，从而使分子的正负电荷分离的现象． [modern a中nd contemporary literary works to western readers with his wife 高Gladys Yang, who is also a noted translator. They make great考 contributions to the progress of China's translation cause and they also ha教ve influenced foreign readers. Their monumental work A Dream of案 Red Mansions is the one that is the most discussed. Also, their translations of Lu Hsun's works are well-known in the field of translation and literature]

2．尖端放电：所带电荷与导体尖端的电荷符号相反的粒子，由于被吸引而奔向尖端，与尖端上的电荷中和，相当于导体从尖端失去电荷的现象． [Alice Walker is an American novelist, short-story writer, poet, essayist, and activist. Her most famous novel, 案The Color Purple, was awarded the Puli教tzer Prize and the National Book Award in 1中983. Alice Walker's creative vision is rooted in the economic hardship, racial考 terrorism, and folk wisdom of Afr高ican American life and culture,]

[English translation the true story of Ah Q for example to roughly analyze how the Yangs deal wit教h the cultural default in different default element案s高. In addition, this study will make a significant theoretica考l and p中ractical contribution to the study of compensation which may be an effective solution to culture default]

1．定义：把一个电学仪器放在封闭的金属壳里，即使壳外有电场，由于壳内场强保持为零，外电场对壳内的仪器也不会产生影响的现象． [When talking about cultural def案ault, we should firstly talk about default. Brown and高 Yule (1983:96) argue: Knowledge of the world is a basis for the interpre教tation of a discou考rse. In representation of this knowledge，co中nventional aspects of a situation can be treated as default elements]

2．实现静电屏蔽不一定要用密封的金属容器，金属网也能起到屏蔽作用． [The Yang's are高 the most distinguished team of Chinese-English translations. Yang Xianyi is one of the m考ost outstan教ding literary translators in Chinese translation history. Throughout his life, he has translated numerous Chines案e classic中al,]

3．应用． [When talking about cultural default, we should firstly talk about default. Brown and Yule 考案(1983:96) argue: Knowledge o中f the wo教rld is a basis for the interpretati高on of a discourse. In representation of this knowledge，conventional aspects of a situation can be treated as default elements]

(1)避雷针是利用尖端放电避免雷击的一种设施． [English translation the true story of Ah Q f教or example to roughly analyze how the Yangs deal with the cu中ltural default in different default elements. In additi考on, this study will make a signi案ficant theoretical and practical con高tribution to the study of compensation which may be an effective solution to culture default]

(2)电学仪器和电子设备外面套有金属罩；通信电缆表面包一层铅皮；高压带电作业人员穿金属网衣；通讯工具在钢筋结构房屋中接收信号较弱． [English translation the true story of A教h Q for example to roughly analyze how the Yangs deal with th考e cultu案ral default in different default elements. In addition, this study will make a significant theoretical and practical contribution to the study of compensa中tion which may高 be an effective solution to culture default]

►基础巩固 [The Yang's are the most d考istinguished team of Chinese-Englis高h translations. Yang Xianyi教 is one of the most outstanding lite案rary translators in Chinese trans中lation history. Throughout his life, he has translated numerous Chinese classical,]

1．一个带电金属球，当它带的电荷量增加后(稳定)，其内部场强(D) [English translation the true story of Ah Q for e考xample to roughly analyze how the Yangs deal with the cultural default in differen案t default elements. In addition, thi高s study will make a significant theoretic教al and practical contribution to the study of compensation which may be an effective solution to culture def中ault]

A．一定增强　　　 B．一定减弱 [When talking about cultural default, we should firstly talk about default. Brown and Yule (1983:96) argue: Kn高owledge of the world is a basis for the interp考r中etation of a discourse. In representation of this know案ledge教，conventional aspects of a situation can be treated as default elements]

C．可能增强也可能减弱 D．不变 [English translation the true story of Ah Q for example中 to roughly analyze how the Yangs deal with the cultural default in different defa案ult elements. In ad教dition, this study will make a significant theor高etical and practical contribution to the study of compensation which may be an effective solution to culture de考fault]

解析：当带电的金属球处于静电平衡状态时，不论其电荷量怎样变化，它的内部场强永远为零，即E内＝0不变，所以A、B、C均错，D是正确的． [The Tr考ue Story 案of Ah Q is an episodic novella written by Lu Hsun, first published as a se教rial between December 4高, 1921 and中 February 12, 1922 and was later embodied in his first short story collection Call to Arms in 1923.]

2．请用学过的电学知识判断下列说法，其中正确的是(B) [According to Approaches to Translation教 written by Peter Newmark, there are two types案 of translation and he calls them communicative translation and semantic translation. The basic difference between them is the stress on message and meaning. He argues that different translat高i中on methods should be used to dea考l with text]

A．电工穿绝缘衣比穿金属衣安全 [In the eighty to ninety c高enturies, some words in The True Story of Ah Q had long bec考ome an intrinsic part of the Chines中e vocabulary. By means of self-talk an教d self-deception, Lu Hsun not only traced a story of a tramp from the peasant class with little education, but also created the cultural term 案of "spiritual victories" in the story, ]

B．制作汽油桶的材料用金属比用塑料好 [According to Approaches to Translation writt高en by Peter Newmark, there are two types of translation and he calls them communicative translation and semantic translation. The basic difference 案between教 them is the stress on message and meaning. He argues that different 考translation me中thods should be used to deal with text]

C．小鸟停在单根高压输电线上会被电死 [When talking about cultural default, we s考hould firstly talk about default. B中rown and Yule (1983:96) argue: Knowledge of the world is a basis for the interpretation of a案 discourse. In representation of this knowl高edge，conventional aspects of a s教ituation can be treated as default elements]

D．打雷时，待在汽车里比待在木屋里要危险 [modern and contemporary literary works to western readers with his 教wife Gladys Yang, who is also a noted translator. They make great contributions to the progress of China's translation cause and they also have influenced foreign案 readers. Their monumental work A Dream of Red Mansions中 is the one that is the most d考iscussed. Also, their translations of Lu Hsun's works are well-known 高in the field of translation and literature]

解析：电工穿金属衣和雨天待在汽车里，金属衣和汽车能起到静电屏蔽作用，所以更安全，A、D项均错误；运载汽油时如果用塑料桶，塑料和油摩擦生电，电荷积累到一定程度就会产生火花，严重时会引起火灾，而用金属桶运送，能把产生的静电荷及时导走，所以B项正确；小鸟停在同一根高压线上，由于两爪之间的距离很小，故两爪之间的电压很小，所以会很安全，C项错误． [According to Approaches to T高中ranslation written by Peter New案mark, there are two types of t考ranslat教ion and he calls them communicative translation and semantic translation. The basic difference between them is the stress on message and meaning. He argues that different translation methods should be used to deal with text]

3．专门用来运输柴油、汽油的油罐车，在它的尾部都装有一条拖在地上的铁链，对它的作用下列说法正确的是 (C) [According to Approaches to Translation written by Peter Newmark, there are two types of translation and he calls them communicative translation 考and semantic translation. 案The basic difference between them is the stress on messa高ge and meaning. He a教rgues that different translation methods should 中be used to deal with text]

A．让铁链与路面摩擦产生静电，使油罐车积累一定的静电荷 [National Book Awar教d and the Assoc中iation of American Book Review Award since its publication that causes the sensation at home and abroad. It has been turned into a movie, an instant高 success in t考he Hollywood. Rarely can an African-American novel acquire such a great popularity and fame in American li案terary history.]

B．让铁链发出声音，以引起其他车辆的注意 [According to Approaches to Translation written by Peter Newmark, there are two types of translation and he calls them communicative translation and sem考antic translation. The basic diff教erence between them is the stress on message and 高mea中ning. He argues that different translatio案n methods should be used to deal with text]

C．由于罐体与油摩擦产生了静电，罐体上的静电被铁链导入大地，从而避免了火花放电 [The Yang's are the中 most distinguished team of Chinese-English translations. Yang Xianyi is one of the most outstanding 教literary translators in Chinese translation 考history. Throughout his life, he has trans案lated numerous Chinese c高lassical,]

D．由于罐体与油摩擦产生了静电，铁链将油的静电导入大地，从而避免了火花放电 [Chapter two reviews the study of the cultural de教fault and compensation in intercultural translation and gives brief i案ntroduction of their theories. What's more, through高 the 考studies of these scholars, the author discusses the neces中sity of compensation in this chapter]

解析：在运输柴油、汽油时，由于上下左右颠簸摇摆，造成油和油罐摩擦而产生静电，所以在油罐车尾部装一条拖在地上的铁链就能避免静电的积累． [According to Approach中es to Translation written by Peter Newmark, there are two types of translation and he calls them commu高nicative translation and semantic translation. T教he basic difference between them is案 the stress on message and meaning. He argues that different translation methods should be use考d to deal with text]

4．(多选)在下列措施中，哪些能将产生的静电尽快导走 (AB) [With the notion of sex equality, Woolf observed gender dis教tinctions in the patriarchal society as well as the specialty of female. She also initialized the term androgyny as高 feminism's values, which presents her i案deal of realizing a p考erfect "person" by eliminating gender bias and it中s binary oppression, ]

A．飞机轮子上搭地线 B．印染车间保持湿度 [National Book Award and the案 教Association of American Book R中eview Award since its publicat高ion tha考t causes the sensation at home and abroad. It has been turned into a movie, an instant success in the Hollywood. Rarely can an African-American novel acquire such a great popularity and fame in American literary history.]

C．复印图片 D．电工钳柄装有绝缘套 [With the no考tion of sex equality, Woolf observed gender distinct高ions in the patriarc案hal society as well as the specialty of femal中e. She also initialized the term androgyny as feminism's values, which presents her ideal of realizing a perfect "person" by eliminating gender bias and its binar教y oppression, ]

解析：飞机在飞行中与空气摩擦时，飞机外表面聚集了大量静电荷，降落时会对地面人员带来危害及火灾隐患，因此飞机降落时要及时导走机身聚集的静电，采取的措施是在轮胎上安装地线或用导电橡胶制造轮胎；在印染工作车间也同样容易产生静电，静电给车间带来火灾隐患，为防止火灾发生，其中安全措施之一就是车间保持湿度，从而通过湿润的空气及时导走静电；在复印图片环节中，则需要应用静电；电工钳柄装有绝缘套是防止导电，保护电工的安全． [The Yang's are the most distinguished team of Chinese-English translations.案 Yang Xi中anyi is one of the most outstanding literary translators in Chinese translation 高history. Throughout his li教fe, he has 考translated numerous Chinese classical,]

►能力提升 [Chapter two reviews the study of the cultural default and compe教nsation in intercultural tr考anslation and gives brief introduction of案 th高eir theories. What's more, through中 the studies of these scholars, the author discusses the necessity of compensation in this chapter]

5．(多选)如图所示，在玻璃管中心轴上安装一根直导线，玻璃管外绕有线圈，直导线的一端和线圈的一端分别跟感应圈的两放电柱相连．开始，感应圈未接通电源，点燃蚊香，让烟通过玻璃管冒出．当感应圈电源接通时，玻璃管中的导线和管外线圈间就会加上高电压，立即可以看到不再有烟从玻璃管中冒出来了．过一会儿还可以看到管壁吸附了一层烟尘，这是因为(AC) [Translation default and compensatio高n has been discussed preliminarily in western countries. According to The Theor考y and practice of Translation, Nida thinks that it is the content that must be conserved at any cost in transferring 中a text from one language to another. He also holds that if by chance 教it was possible to convey the same content in the target language in a form which closely案 resembles that of the source, ]

[Celie is教 confined to her family due to her submission and she suffers a lot. With the he考lp of Shug, she revolts doggedly for her liberation, and finally 中realizes her self-reliance and equality. Her self高-reco案gnition journey illustrates androgyny completely]

A．烟尘在高压电场作用下带上了负电 [L. S. Barkhudar中ov has similar theory to Nida about translation compensation in his Language and Translation.考 In his opinion, the translation can be高 achieved equivalently to the original text by compensating, which should be on the premise that it obe教ys the rules of grammar, words and rhetoric of t案he target language. I]

B．烟尘在高压电场作用下带上了正电 [Translation default and compensation has 考been discussed preliminarily in western cou教ntries. According to The Theory and practice of Translation, Nid高a thinks that it is the content that must be conserved at any cost in transferring a text from one language to another. He also holds that if by chance it was p中ossible to convey the same content in the target langu案age in a form which closely resembles that of the source, ]

C．带负电的烟尘吸附在线圈上，因此看不到有烟冒出 [L. S. Barkhudarov has similar theory to Nida a考高bout translation compensation i教n his Language and Translation中. In hi案s opinion, the translation can be achieved equivalently to the original text by compensating, which should be on the premise that it obeys the rules of grammar, words and rhetoric of the target language. I]

D．带正电的烟尘吸附在直导线上，因此看不到有烟冒出 [Basing on Ke Ping, Xia Tingde 考redefined it as following: "Compen教sation is the reparation or making up for the potential or occurring loss中 in the process of translat高ion in terms of text type and translation purpose." (2006:68) T案his definition is more concrete than others. Besides, drawing text type and translation purpose into consideration, Xia has made a more comprehensive perspective into the research of compensation]

解析：烟尘在直导线和管外线圈形成的高压电场作用下，带上了负电，带负电的烟尘颗粒被吸附到了带正电的线圈上，因此看不到有烟冒出．A、C项正确． [In the eighty to ninety centuries, some words in The True Story of Ah Q had long become an intrinsic part of the Chinese vocabulary. By means of self-talk and教 self-deception, Lu Hsun not only traced a story of a tramp from the peasant c考lass with little education, but also案 created the cultural term of "spirit高ual victories" 中in the story, ]

6．(多选)图为静电除尘机理的示意图，尘埃在电场中通过某种机制带电，在电场力的作用下向集尘极迁移并沉积，以达到除尘目的，下列表述正确的是(BD) [Ke Ping defined comp考ensation as "the makin中g up for the loss meaning of the orig案inal text due to literal tra教nslation". (1991:23) But su高ch definition is so indistinct that we can only see compensation in meaning perspective.]

[When talking about cultu高ral default, we should firstly talk about defa教ult. Brown and Yule (1983:96) argue: Knowledge of the world i中s a basis for the interpretation of a discourse. In representation of this knowledge，conventional a案spects of a situation 考can be treated as default elements]

A．到达集尘极的尘埃带正电荷 [National Book Award 考and the Association of American Book Review Award since its publication that causes the sensation 案at home and abroad. It has been turned into a movie, an instant success in the Hol教lywood. Rarely can an African-American novel acquire such a 高great 中popularity and fame in American literary history.]

B．电场方向由集尘极指向放电极 [In the eighty to ninety centuries, so高me words 考in The True Story of Ah Q had long become教 an intrinsic part of the Chinese vocabulary. By means of self-talk and self-deception, Lu Hsun not only trac案ed a story of a tramp from the peasant class with l中ittle education, but also created the cultural term of "spiritual victories" in the story, ]

C．带电尘埃所受电场力的方向与电场方向相同 [According to Appro中aches to Translation written by Peter Newmark, there are two types of translation and he calls them communicative translat考ion and semantic translation. The basic d高ifference between them is the stress on message and meaning. He argues tha案t different translation methods s教hould be used to deal with text]

D．同一位置带电荷量越多的尘埃所受电场力越大 [George Steiner describes translating process as four steps in After Babel: (1) trust (2) aggression (3) import (4) restitution/compensation. The first three steps will cause disequilibrium throughout 高the system by taking away from the sources text 案and by adding to the target text. (2001) T教hat why t考here's the forth step. His中 compensation theory can be described in the following items: first, the translating loss occurs throughout the process of translation; second, ]

解析：电场由电容的正极指向负极，B正确；由电荷从电容的负极到正极，可知尘埃带负电，电场力的方向与电场方向相反，A、C错误，由F＝qE及匀强电场可知，D正确． [modern and 案contemporary literary works to western readers with his wife Gladys Yang, who is also a noted translator. They make great contributions to the progress of China's translation cause and they also have influenced foreign reader高s. Their monumental work A Dream of中 Red Mansions is the one that is the most discussed. Also, their translatio教ns of Lu Hsun's works are 考well-known in the field of translation and literature]

7．(多选)根据所学知识分析，人在进行高压带电作业操作前必须做的准备工作和操作过程可能发生的情况是(BD) [Alice Walker devotes herself to the racial and sexual liberatio案n of black women in white male-dominated society by producing at l中ength on issues of race, gender考 and nature, three necessary in教gredients of her works. Her most successful novel The Color Purple is honored the Pulitzer高 Prize,]

A．人不需要做什么准备，只要操作时注意就可以保证安全 [The Yang's are the most 案distinguished team of Chinese-English translations. Yang Xianyi is one of the most outstanding literary translators in Chinese translation 考history. Throughout his life, he has 中t教ranslated numerous Chinese clas高sical,]

B．人在操作前必须要戴上用金属丝网制成的手套、帽子，穿上屏蔽服 [Celie is confined to her family due to her submission考 and she suffers a lot. With the help of Shug, she revolts doggedly for her liberation, 案and finally realizes高 her self-reliance and equality. Her self-recognitio教n journey illustrates androgyny completel中y]

C．手在接触电线的瞬间，也会放电发生危险 [According to Approaches to教 Translation wr考itten by Peter Newmark, there are two types of translation and he calls them comm中unicative translation and semantic translation. The basic dif案ference高 between them is the stress on message and meaning. He argues that different translation methods should be used to deal with text]

D．手在接触电线的瞬间，也会放电，但没有危险 [Alic教e Walker devotes herself to the racial and sexual liberation of black women in white male-do高minated society by producing at length on i中ssues of race, gender and nature, three necessary ingredients of her works. Her most successful novel The Col考or Purpl案e is honored the Pulitzer Prize,]

解析：当人在操作前戴上用金属丝网制成的手套、帽子，穿上屏蔽服时，接触电线的瞬间，也会放电，但电荷只分布在丝网的外表面，形成静电屏蔽，丝网内部无电场，人不会有危险． [George Steiner describes translating process as four steps in After 案Babel: (1) trust (2) aggression (3) import (4) r教estitution/compensation. The first three steps will cause disequilibrium考 throughout the system by taking away from the sources text and by adding to the target text. (2001) That why there's the forth step. His compensation theory can be described in t中he following items: first, the translating loss occurs throu高ghout the process of translation; second, ]

8．为防止静电的危害，应尽快把产生的静电导走，下面措施中不属于防止静电危害的是(B) [Alice Walker is one of the American's most influential and talented writers whose masterpiece The Color Purple brought案 her the Pulitzer Prize in 1983 an中d the American Book Award in高 1984. 考In this novel, a 教variety of roles with femininity and masculinity are characterized by Walker in accordance with the theory of androgyny.]

A．采用导电橡胶做飞机轮胎 [those考 who have different c中ulture background can't comprehend the text smoot高hly because of the lack of the same culture background. Therefore, a translation withou案t compensation of such cu教ltural elements won't bring "a response very close to what the original readers experienced" (Nida, 1993:118) to the target language readers]

B．电工钳柄上套有绝缘胶套 [Al教ice Walker devotes herself to the racial and sexual liberation of black women in white male中-dominated society by producing at length on issues of race, gender a案nd nature, three necessary ingredients of her works. Her most suc高cessful novel The Color Purple i考s honored the Pulitzer Prize,]

C．纺织厂车间内空气保持适当湿度 [George Steiner describes translating process as four steps in After Babel: (1) trust (2) aggression (3) import (4) restitution/compensa高tion. The first three steps will cause disequilibrium throughout the system 考by中 taking away from the sources text and by adding to the tar案get text. (2001) That why there's the forth step. His comp教ensation theory can be described in the following items: first, the translating loss occurs throughout the process of translation; second, ]

D．在地毯中夹一些导电纤维 [Translation default and compensation has been discussed preliminarily in western countries. According to The Theory and practice of Translation教, Nida thinks that it is the content that mu高st be conserved at any cost in transferring a考 text from one language to another. He also holds that if by chance it was possible to convey the same content in the target language in a form wh案ich closely resembles that of th中e source, ]

解析：防止静电危害是不让其产生火花、高压，而钳柄上的绝缘胶套是防止操作时漏电，而不是防静电的，其余几个均是防止静电危害的，因此应选B. [George Steiner describes translating process as four steps in After Babel: (1) trust (2) aggression (3) import (4) restitution/compensation. The first three steps will cause disequilibrium throughout 考the system by taking 案away from the sources text and by adding to the target text. (2001) That why there's the forth step. His compensation the中ory can be described in the following items: first, the translating loss occurs throughout教 the proc高ess of translation; second, ]

9．某一静电实验装置如图所示，验电器A不带电，验电器B的上面安装一个几乎封闭的金属圆筒C.已知B内的金属箔片是张开的，现手持一个带绝缘柄的金属小球D，使D接触C的内壁，再移出与A的金属小球接触，无论操作多少次，都不能使A带电．这个实验说明了(B) [Alice Walker is one of the American's most influential and talente考d writers whose masterpiece The Color Purple broug教ht her the Pulitzer Prize in 1983 and the Amer案ican Book Award in 1984. In this novel, a variety of role高s with femininity and masculinity are characteriz中ed by Walker in accordance with the theory of androgyny.]

A．C是一个等势体(电势处处相等) [With the growing connecti中ons of culture, the translation of literary composition has become increasingly important. It suggests that translators are f考acing the challenge of intercultural transl高ation, especially the culture default and compensation in the composition. S案uch challenge is mainly caused by 教the difference of language]

B．C的内部是不带电的 [Translation default and compensation has been discussed preliminarily in western countries. According to The Theory and practice of Translation, Nida thinks tha高t it is the content that must be conserved 考at any cost in transferring a text from one language to another. He als中o holds that if by chance it was possible to convey the same content in the tar教get lang案uage in a form which closely resembles that of the source, ]

C．C的内部电势为零 [George Steiner d中escribes translating process a高s four steps in After Babel: (1) trust (2) aggression (3) import (4) 案restitution/compensation. The first three steps will cause disequilibrium throughout the system by taking away from the sources text and by adding to the target te教xt. (2001) That why there's the forth step. His compensation theory can be described i考n the following items: first, the translating loss occurs throughout the process of translation; second, ]

D．C的内部场强为零 [Alice Walker is one of the American's most i高nfluential a考nd talented writers who案se masterpiece The Color Purple br教ought her the Pulitzer Prize in 1983 and the American Book Award in 1984. In this novel, a variety of中 roles with femininity and masculinity are characterized by Walker in accordance with the theory of androgyny.]

解析：处于静电平衡状态的导体电荷分布在导体的外表面，所以A不张开，同时也说明了C的内部是不带电的，选项B正确． [The True Story of Ah Q is an episodic novella written by Lu Hsun, first published as a serial between December 4, 192中1教 and February 12, 192案2 and 考was later embodied in his fi高rst short story collection Call to Arms in 1923.]

10．如图所示为一空腔球形导体(不带电)，现将一个带正电的小金属球A放入腔中，当静电平衡时，图中a、b、c三点的场强E和电势φ的关系是(D) [The 中True Story of Ah Q is an episodic nove高lla written by Lu Hsun,考 first published as a ser教ial between December 4, 1921 and February 12, 1922 and was later embodied in his first short 案story collection Call to Arms in 1923.]

[In The Color Purple, Walker portrays several typical character案s with the高 combination of masculine and feminine characteristics in中 order to show how people grow up for beco考ming教 a perfect "human being" and how a harmonious ]

A．Ea＞Eb＞Ec，φa＞φb＞φc [It is said that th中e couple abide by the principle of "faithfulness高 and fluency" in their translation practice. 考They integrate the literal translation and free translat教ion and also take the integration of domesticati案on and foreignization. Such marvelous translations must delight readers' eyes and feeling. Undoubtedly]

B．Ea＝Eb＞Ec，φa＝φb＞φc [In The Color Purple, Wal案ker portrays several typical characters with the com中bination of masculine a考nd feminine characteristics in order to show how people grow up for becoming a perfect "human教 being" and how a harmoni高ous ]

C．Ea＝Eb＝Ec，φa＝φb＞φc [Chapter two reviews the study of the cultural default and compensation in intercultural tra教nslation and gives brief introduction of th案高eir theories. What's more, through the studies of 考these中 scholars, the author discusses the necessity of compensation in this chapter]

D．Ea＞Ec＞Eb，φa＞φb＞φc [In The Color Purple, W考alker portrays several typical characters with the combination of masculine a高nd feminine characteristics in order to 案show how people grow up for becoming a perfect "human bei中ng" and how a 教harmonious ]

分析：将带正电的小金属球A放入腔中，当静电平衡时，空腔球形导体内壁感应出负电荷，外表面感应出正电荷．整个空腔球形导体是一个等势体，表面是一个等势面．画出电场线的分布，根据电场线越密，场强越大，顺着电场线，电势降低，判断场强和电势的大小． [The composition has been translated into more than tw教enty languag高es. Since it is located with a lot of cultural elements, including religious beliefs, moral principles, customs, which pr考esents bar案riers in understan中ding of the readers from different culture,]

解析：当静电平衡时，空腔球形导体内壁感应出负电荷，外表面感应出正电荷，画出电场线的分布如图．由于a处电场线较密，c处电场线较疏，b处场强为零，则Ea＞Ec＞Eb.根据顺着电场线方向电势降低，整个空腔球形导体是一个等势体，表面是一个等势面，分析可知电势关系是φa＞φb＞φc. 故选D. [In The Color Purple, Walker portrays several typical characters with the combination of masculine and feminine characteristics in order to show考 中how people grow up for教 becom案ing a perfect "human being" 高and how a harmonious ]

点评：本题抓住处于静电平衡导体的特点是关键．比较场强大小和电势高低常常画电场线，形象直观地判断． [in each of us two power p案reside, one male, one female; and in the ma中n's brain the man predomin教ates over the woman, and in 考the woman's brain the woman predominates over the man…Coleridge perhaps meant this when he said that a grea高t mind is androgynous. ]

第2节　电 动 势 [In The Color Purple, Walker 案portrays several typical characters with the combina考tion of masculine and 中feminine characteristics in order 教to show how people grow up for becoming a perfect "human being" and how a harmonious 高]

1．在外电路中，正电荷由电源的正极流向负极．在电源的内部靠“非静电力”把正电荷从负极搬运到正极． [The Yang's are the most distinguished team of Chinese-English translations. Yang Xianyi is one of the most outstanding literary tra中nslators in Chinese trans教lation history. Thro考ughou高t his life, h案e has translated numerous Chinese classical,]

2．电源是通过非静电力做功把其他形式的能转化为电势能的装置． [George Steiner describes translating process as four steps in After Babe考l: (1) trust (2) aggression (3) import高 (4) restitution/compensation. The first three steps will cause disequilibrium throughout the system by taking away from the sources text and by adding to the target text. (2001) That why there's the forth st中ep. His compensation theory c教an be described in the following items: first, the translating loss oc案curs throughout the process of translation; second, ]

3．电动势用来表示电源把其他形式的能转化为电能本领的物理量．用E来表示．定义式为E＝．其单位是伏特． [The Yang's are 高the most distinguished te案am of Chinese-English translations. Yang Xianyi is one of the most outstand考ing literary translators in Chinese translation history. 中Throughout his life, he has translated numerous Chines教e classical,]

4．电动势由电源中非静电力的特性决定，跟电源的体积无关，跟外电路无关． [Alice Walker is an American novelist,案 考short-story writer, poet, essayist, and ac中tivist. Her most famous novel, The Color P高urple, was awarded the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award in 1983. Alice Walker's creative vision is rooted in the economic hardship, racial terrorism, and folk wisdom of African American 教life and culture,]

5．电源的重要参数有电动势，内阻，容量等． [Studies on the psy中chological androgyny ha教s a long history in the West. The most famous psychological experts are Freud and Jung. Through numerous resear考ches on real people, Freud dre案w into a conclusion that it was tou高gh to find a pure masculine man or a pure feminine woman in the world. On the contrary,]

►基础巩固 [English translation the true story of Ah考 Q for example to roughly analyze how the Yangs deal with the 中cultur案al default in different default elements. In addition, this study will make a significant theoretical and practical contribution to the study of compensat教ion which may 高be an effective solution to culture default]

1．描述电源能量转化本领大小的物理量是(B) [including reli高gious beliefs, moral principles, custo教ms and so on. Such elements may puzzle the read中ers from different culture. In order to 案smooth the way to the further discussion about cultural default and compensation, the thesis will roug考hly analyze how the Yangs' ]

A．电源的总功率 B．电源的电动势 [Basing on Ke Ping, Xia案 Tingde redefined it as following: "Compensation is th教e reparation or making up for the potential or occurring loss in the process of translation in term考s of text type and translation purpose." (2高006:68) This definition is more concrete than others. Besides, d中rawing text type and translation purpose into consideration, Xia has made a more comprehensive perspective into the research of compensation]

C．路端电压　 D．电源的输出功率 [According to Approaches to Translation written by Peter Newmark, there are two types of translation and he calls them communicative translation and 考semantic translation. The basic d教ifference between them is the stress on message and m高eaning. He argues that different translation methods should 中be use案d to deal with text]

解析：电动势是描述电源把其他形式的能转化为电能本领的物理量，电源电动势越大，它把其他形式的能量转化为电能的本领越大，故ACD错误，B正确；故选B. [L. S. Barkhudarov has similar theory 考to Nida about transl高ation compensation in his Language and Translat中ion. In his opinion, the translation can be achieved equivalently to the original text by compensating, which s案hould be on the premise that it obeys the rules of grammar教, words and rhetoric of the target language. I]

2．(多选)铅蓄电池的电动势为2 V，这表示(AD) [National Book Award and the Association of American Book Review Award高 since its p考ublication that causes案 the sensation at home and abroad教. It has been turned into a movie, an instant success in the Hollywood. Rarely can an African-Ameri中can novel acquire such a great popularity and fame in American literary history.]

A．电路中每通过1 C电荷量，电源把2 J的化学能转变为电能 [mode教rn and contemporary literary works to western readers案 with his wife Gladys Yang, who is also a noted translator. They make great contributions to the progress of China's translation cause and they also have influenced foreign readers. Their monumental work A Dream of Red Mansions is the one that is the most discussed. Also, their translations of Lu Hsun's works are w高el中l-known in the field of translation and li考terature]

B．蓄电池两极间的电压为2 V [The composition has been transl考ated into more than twenty languages. Since i高t is located with a lot of中 cultural elements, including案 religious beliefs, moral principles, customs, which presents barriers in understanding of the readers from d教ifferent culture,]

C．蓄电池在1 s内将2 J的化学能转变成电能 [Alice Walker devotes herself to the racia高l and 中sexual liberation of black women in white male-dominated society by producing at length on issues of race, gender and nature, three necessar考y ingredients案 of her works. Her most successful novel The Color Purple is honored the 教Pulitzer Prize,]

D．蓄电池将化学能转变为电能的本领比一节干电池(电动势为1.5 V)的大 [Alice Walker is one of the American's most 案influential and talented writers whose masterpiece The Co高lor Purple brought her the Pulitzer Prize in 1983中 and the American Book Award in 1984. In this novel, a variety of roles with femininity and masculinity are characterized 教by Walker in accordance with the theory of androgy考ny.]

3．单位电荷量的正电荷沿闭合电路移动一周，在内外电路中释放的总能量决定于 (A) [George Steiner describes translating process as four step案s in After Babel: (1) trust (2) aggression (3) 教import (4) restitution/compensation. The first three steps will cause disequilibrium throughout the system by taking away from the sources text and by adding to the target text. (2001) That why ther考e's the forth step. His compensation theory can be de中scribed in the following items: first, the translating loss 高occurs throughout the process of translation; second, ]

A．电源的电动势 B．通过电源的电流 [Tra中n案slation default and compensation has been discussed preliminarily in western cou教ntries. A考ccording to The Theory and practice of Translation, Nida thinks that it is the content that must be conserved at any cost in transferring a text from one language to another. He also holds that if by chance it was possible to convey the same content in the targ高et language in a form which closely resembles that of the source, ]

C．电源两端电压的大小 D．电路的电阻 [ Finally he is forgiven by Celie and becom高es her physical and spiritual mate. Another black woman Shug, a beautiful lad教y, is also the ide考al embodiment of androgyny. "That when I not案ice how Shug talk and act sometimes like a man. Men say stuff like that to women, Girl, you look like a 中good time." (]

解析：由E＝得W＝Eq，故单位电荷量的正电荷移动一周，电路中释放的总能量决定于电源电动势E. [When talk案ing about c中ultural default, we 高should firstly talk about default. Brown and Yule (1983:96) argue: Knowledge of the world is a basis for th考e interpreta教tion of a discourse. In representation of this knowledge，conventional aspects of a situation can be treated as default elements]

4．(多选)太阳能电池已经越来越多地应用于我们生活中，有些太阳帽前安装的小风扇就是靠太阳能电池供电的．可以测得某太阳能电池可产生0.6 V的电动势，这表示(AD) [Celie is confined to her family due to her submission and she suffers a lot. With the help of Shug, she revolts doggedly for her liberation, and finally realizes her self-relian考高ce and equality. Her self教-recogni案tion journey illustrates androgy中ny completely]

A．电路中每通过1 C电荷量，太阳能电池把0.6 J的太阳能转变为电能 [K教e Ping defined compens中ation as "the making up f案or the loss meaning of the original text due to literal translation". (1991:23) But such defin高ition is so indistinct that we can only s考ee compensation in meaning perspective.]

B．无论接不接入外电路，太阳能电池两极间的电压都为0.6 V [Celie is confined to her family due to he高r sub教mission and she suffers a lot. With the help of Shug, she revolts doggedly for her liberation, and finally realizes her self案-reliance a考nd equality. Her self-recognition journey illustrates androgyny co中mpletely]

C．太阳能电池在1 s内将0.6 J的太阳能转变为电能 [Celie高 is confined to her family due to he教r submission and she suffers a lot. With the help of Shug, she revolts doggedly for her liberation, and finally r案ealizes her self-reliance and equality.中 Her self-recognition journe考y illustrates androgyny completely]

D．太阳能电池将太阳能转化为电能的本领比一节干电池(电动势为1.5 V)将化学能转化为电能的本领小 [in each of us two power preside, one male, on教e female; and in the man's b考rain the man predominates over th案e woman, and in the woman's brain the woman predominates over the man…Coleridge perha高ps meant this when he said that a great m中ind is androgynous. ]

解析：电动势在数值上等于非静电力把1 C的正电荷从电源内部的负极移到正极所做的功，即把太阳能转化为电能的多少，而不是在1 s内转变的电能．电动势越大，将其他形式的能转化为电能的本领越大．故A、D对，C错；电源在不接入电路时，两极间的电压大小为电动势，故B错． [those who have案教 different culture background can't comprehend the text smoothl高y beca考use of the lack of the same culture background. Therefore, a translation without compensation of such cultural elements won't bring "a response very close to what the original readers experienced" (Nida, 中1993:118) to the target language readers]

5．电池容量就是电池放电时输出的总电荷量，某蓄电池标有“15 A·h”的字样，则表示(C) [Alice Walker is an American novelist, short-story writer, poet, essayist, and activist. Her most高 famous novel, The Color Purple, was awarded the Pulitzer Pri考ze and the National Book Award in 1983. Alice Walker's creative vision is rooted in the案 economic hardship, 中racial terrorism, and folk wisdom of African Ameri教can life and culture,]

A．该电池在工作1 h后达到的电流为15 A [In the eighty to nine考ty centuries,教 some words in The True Story of Ah Q had long become an intrinsic part of the Chinese vocabulary. By means of sel案f-talk and self-deception, Lu Hsun 高not only traced 中a story of a tramp from the peasant class with little education, but also created the cultural term of "spiritual victories" in the story, ]

B．该电池在工作15 h后达到的电流为15 A [Chapter two reviews the study of the cultural default and co教高mpensation in intercultura考l translation and gives brief introductio案n of their theories. What's more, thr中ough the studies of these scholars, the author discusses the necessity of compensation in this chapter]

C．电池以1.5 A的电流工作，可用10 h [When talking about cultural default, we should firstly talk about defaul考t. Brown and Yule (1983:96) argue: Knowledge of the w案orld is a basis for the interpretation of a discou教rse. In representation of thi高s knowledge，conventional aspects中 of a situation can be treated as default elements]

D．电池以15 A的电流工作，可用15 h [L. S. Barkhudarov has similar theory to Nida about tran高slation compensation in his Language and Translation. In his opinion, the translation can be achieved equivalently to the original text by compensa案ting, w教hich should be on the premise that it obeys the rules of grammar, wor考ds and rhetori中c of the target language. I]

解析：蓄电池标有“15 A·h”的字样，表示电池的蓄存电荷量的情况．即电池工作时，放电电流为1.5 A时，工作时间为10 h，故C正确． [With the not案ion of sex equality, Woolf observ中ed gender distinctions in the patriarchal society as well as the specialty of female. She考 also initialized the term androgyny a教s feminism's values, which presents her ideal of realizing a perfect "person" by eliminating gende高r bias and its binary oppression, ]

6．以下说法中正确的是(D) [L. S. Barkhu考darov has similar theory to Nida about translation c教ompensation in his Language and Translation. In his opinion, the translation can b案e achieved equivalently to the original text by compensating, which should be on the premise that it obeys the rules of g中rammar, words and rhetoric of the target 高language. I]

A．在外电路中和电源内部，正电荷都受静电力作用，所以能不断定向移动形成电流 [Celie is confined to her family due to her submission and she suffers a lot. With t考h高e help of Shug, she revol中ts doggedly for her lib教erati案on, and finally realizes her self-reliance and equality. Her self-recognition journey illustrates androgyny completely]

B．静电力与非静电力都可以使电荷移动，所以本质上都是使电荷的电势能减少 [The compo高sition has been translated into more than twe教nty languages. Si考nce it is located with a lot of cultur案al elements, including religious beliefs, moral principles, customs, which presents barriers in understanding of the readers from differ中ent culture,]

C．在电源内部正电荷能从负极移到正极是因为电源内部只存在非静电力而不存在静电力 [Ke Ping defined compensation as "the makin考g up for the loss meanin教g of the o高riginal text due to literal translation". (1991:23) But such definition is so indistinct that we can only中 see com案pensation in meaning perspective.]

D．静电力移动电荷做功电势能减少，非静电力移动电荷做功电势能增加 [In the eighty to n高inety centuries, some words in The True Story of Ah 案Q had考 long become an intrinsic part of the Chin教ese vocabulary. By means of self-talk and self-deception, Lu Hsun not only traced a story of a tramp from the peasant class with little education, but also created the cultural term of "spiritual victories中" in the story, ]

解析：本题主要考查关于电动势的基本概念的理解．电源内部非静电力做功使电荷的电势能增加，引出了电动势的概念，来描述非静电力的做功本领，而静电力移动电荷做正功的过程使电势能减少，D项对． [According to Approaches to Translation writt案en by Peter Newmark, there are t高wo types of translation and he calls考 them communicative translation and semantic translation. The basic difference between them is the stress on message and meaning. He ar中gues that different translation methods should be used to de教al with text]

7．(多选)下列关于电动势的说法，正确的有(BD) [Accordi中ng to Approaches to Translation written by Peter Newmark, ther案e are t高wo types of translation and he calls them communicative translation a教nd semantic translation. The basic difference between them is the stress on message and meaning. He 考argues that different translation methods should be used to deal with text]

A．电源的电动势越大，非静电力将正电荷从负极移送到正极做的功一定越多 [According to Approaches 考to Translation written by Peter Newmark, there are two types of translation and he calls them communica教tive translation and semantic translation. The 案basic difference between them is the中 stress on message and meaning. He argues that different translation methods should be used to高 deal with text]

B．电源的电动势越大，非静电力将单位正电荷从负极移送到正极做的功一定越多 [Chapter two 教reviews the study of the cultural default a高nd compensation in intercultural translation and gives brief introdu案ction of their theories. What's more, through the studies of these scholars, the author discusses the 考necessity of compensation in this 中chapter]

C．电源的电动势越大，非静电力将正电荷从负极移送到正极的电荷量一定越多 [Alice Walker is an American novel案教ist, short-story writer, poet, es中sayist, and activist. Her most 高famous 考novel, The Color Purple, was awarded the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award in 1983. Alice Walker's creative vision is rooted in the economic hardship, racial terrorism, and folk wisdom of African American life and culture,]

D．电源的电动势越大，非静电力移动相同电荷量转化的电能一定越多 [With the notio考n of sex equality, Woolf observed gender distinctions高 in the patriarchal 案society as well as the specialty of female. S中he also initialized the term androgyny as feminism's values, which presents her ideal of realizing a perfect "person" by eliminating gender bias and its binary o教ppression, ]

解析：非静电力移送电荷做的功W＝Eq，当电动势越大时，将1 C正电荷从负极移送到正极做的功一定多，A选项错误，B选项正确．在电源内部，非静电力移送电荷量为q＝It，电动势大的，移送的电荷量不一定多，C选项错．由W＝Eq知，电动势越大，非静电力移动相同电荷量做的功越多，产生的电能也越多，D选项正确． [Studies on t教he psychological androgyny has a中 long history i考n the West. The most famous psychological experts are Freud and Jung. Through numerous researches on real people, Freud drew into a conclusion 案that it was高 tough to find a pure masculine man or a pure feminine woman in the world. On the contrary,]

►能力提升 [George Steiner describes translating pr教ocess 中as four steps in After Babel: (1) trust (2) aggression (3) i案mport (4) restitution/compensation. The first three steps will cause disequilibrium throughout the system by taking away from the sources text and by adding to the target text. (2001) That why there's the forth step. His compensation theory can be described in the following items: f考irst, the translating loss occurs throughout the高 process of translation; second, ]

8．硅光电池作为电源已广泛应用于人造卫星、灯塔和无人气象站等，高速公路上安装的“电子眼”通常也采用硅光电池供电．硅光电池的原理如图所示，a、b是硅光电池的两个电极，P、N是两块硅半导体，E区是两块半导体自发形成的匀强电场区，P的上表面镀有一层增透膜．光照射到半导体P上，使P内受原子束缚的电子成为自由电子，自由电子经E区电场加速到达半导体N，从而产生电动势，形成电流．以下说法中正确的是(C) [The Yang's高 are the most distinguished team of Chinese-English translations. 中Yang Xianyi is one of the most outstand考ing literary translators in Chinese translation hi教story. Throughout his life, he has tra案nslated numerous Chinese classical,]

[C中hapter two reviews the study of the cultural default and c案ompensation in intercultural translation and gives brief introduction of their theo高ries. What's more, through the studies of these scholars, the author 教discusses the necessity of compensation in this ch考apter]

A．E区匀强电场的方向由P指向N [The Yang中's are the most distinguishe案d team of Chinese-English translations. Yang Xianyi is one of the most outsta考nding literary translators in Chine高se translation history. Thr教oughout his life, he has translated numerous Chinese classical,]

B．电源内部的电流方向由P指向N [Translation default and compensatio考n has been discussed preliminarily in weste高rn countries. According to The Theory and practice of Translatio中n, Nida thinks that it is the content that must be conserved at any cost in transferring a text from one language to another. He also holds that if by chance it案 was possible to convey the same content in the target教 language in a form which closely resembles that of the source, ]

C．a电极为电池的正极 [National Book Award and the Association of American Book Review Award since its publication that causes the sensation at home and abroad. It has been turned into a movie, an instant success in the Hollywood. Rarely can an Af中r案ican-American novel acquire such高 a great popularity and fam教e in A考merican literary history.]

D．硅光电池是一种把化学能转化为电能的装置 [those who have different culture background can't comprehend the text smoothly because of the lack of the same culture background. Therefore, a translation without com案pensation of such cultural e高lements won't bring "a response very close to what the or教iginal readers exper考ienced" (Nida, 1993:118) to the target language r中eaders]

解析：根据题意，E区电场能使P逸出的自由电子向N运动，因负电荷受到的电场力与电场方向相反，所以电场方向由N指向P，由于电流的方向与负电荷的运动方向相反，所以电源内部的电流方向由N指向P，故A、B错误；根据以上对电流方向的分析可知，a为电源正极，该电池是将光能转化为电能的装置，C正确，D错误．故选C. [Basing on Ke Ping, Xia Tingde redefined it as following: 中"Compensation is the reparation or making up f考or the potential or occurring loss in the pro案cess of translation 教in terms of text type and translation purpose." (2006:68) This definition is more concrete than others. Besides, drawing text type and translation purpose into consideration, Xia has made a more comprehensive persp高ective into the research of compensation]

9．如下图所示的是两个电池外壳的说明文字．图中所述进口电池的电动势是________V；所述国产电池最多可放出________mAh的电荷量，若电池平均工作电流为0.03 A，则最多可使用________h．图中还提供了哪些信息：________________________________________________________________________. [those who have di中fferent culture background can't comprehend the text smoothly because of the lack of the same culture background. Therefore, a translation without compensat考ion of such cultural elements won'教t bring "a response very close to what the original re高aders experienced" (Nida, 1993:118) to the案 target language readers]

[According to Appro高aches to Translation written by Peter Newmark, there are two typ教es of translation and he calls them communicative tra案nslation and semantic translation. The basic difference between the考m is the stress on message and meaning. He argues that different translation methods should be used to deal wi中th text]

解析：进口电池的电动势是1.2 V，国产电池最多可放出600 mAh的电荷量．由t＝＝20 h，即最多可使用20 h．图中还提供了充电时间和充电电流等． [It is s教aid that the couple abide by the principle of "faithfulness and fluen考cy" in their translation practice. They integrate the literal translation and free translation and 中also take the integration of domestication and foreignization. Such marvelous tra案nslations must delight readers' eyes and feeling. Undoubtedly高]

答案：1.2　600　20　充电时间及充电电流等 [Basing on 考Ke Ping, Xia Tingde redefined it as following: "Compensation is高 the reparation or making up for the potential or occurring loss in the process of translation in terms of text type and translation purpose." (2006:68) This d案efinition is中 more concrete than others. Besides, drawing text ty教pe and translation purpose into consideration, Xia has made a more comprehensive perspective into the research of compensation]

第1节　磁现象和磁场 [English translation the true story of Ah Q 考for example to roughly analyze how the Yangs deal with the c中ultural default in different default elements. In addit高ion, this study will make a sign案ificant theoretical and practical co教ntribution to the study of compensation which may be an effective solution to culture default]

1．磁场是一种物质吗？ [In The Color Purple, Walker portrays several typ中ical characters with the combination of mas考culi教ne and feminine characteristics in order to show案 how people grow up for becoming a perfect "human being" and how a h高armonious ]

磁场是磁体周围客观存在的一种物质，磁场和电场一样都属于场类物质，尽管人眼看不见，但它是自然界物质存在的一种形式． [The True Story of Ah Q高 is an episodic novella written by Lu Hsun, first published as a案 serial between December 4,考 1921 and February 12, 1922 and was later embodied in his first short st教ory collection Call to Arms in 19中23.]

2．磁场的基本特性是什么？ [Alice 教Walker devotes herself to the racial中 and sexual liberatio高n of black women in white male-dominated societ考y by producing at length on issues of race, gender and nature, three nece案ssary ingredients of her works. Her most successful novel The Color Purple is honored the Pulitzer Prize,]

磁场的基本特性是对放入磁场中的磁体或电流以及运动电荷有力的作用． [those中 who have different culture background can't comprehend the text smoothly because of the lack of the same culture background. Therefore, a translation without compensation of such cultural elements won't bring "a response very close to what the original rea教de高rs experienced" (Nida, 1993:118)案 to the target language reade考rs]

3．哪些物质产生磁场？ [in e考ach of us two power preside, one male, one 高female; and in th案e man's brain the man predominates ov中er the woman, and in the woman's brain the woman predominates over the man…Coleridge perhaps meant this when he said that a great mind教 is androgynous. ]

产生磁场的地方有磁体的周围、电流的周围及变化电场的周围(我们以后将学到)． [Ke Ping defined compensation as "the making up for the loss meaning of the original text due to liter案al tran考slation". (1991:23) But such definition is so indistinct that we can only s高ee compensation in meani中ng perspec教tive.]

4．磁极间的相互作用规律：同名磁极相互排斥，异名磁极相互吸引． [modern and contemporary literary works to western readers with his wife Gladys Yang, who is also a noted translator. They make great contributions to the progress of China's translation cause and they also have influenced foreign readers. Their monu中mental work A Dream of Red Mansions is the o考ne that is the most discussed. Also, their translations of Lu Hsun教's w案orks are well-known in the field of translation and lit高erature]

5．地磁场的分布大致上就像一个条形磁体的磁场；地球表面上磁场的方向大致是从南到北． [including 高religious beliefs, moral principles, customs and so on. S考uch elements may puzzle the readers from d教ifferent culture. In order to smooth the way to th中e further discussion about cultural default and compensation, the thesis wi案ll roughly analyze how the Yangs' ]

►基础巩固 [including religious beli教efs, moral principles, customs and so on. Such elements may puzzle the readers from 考different culture. In order to smooth the way to the further discussi中on about cultural default and compensation, the the高sis w案ill roughly analyze how the Yangs' ]

1．(多选)关于磁场的下列说法正确的是(BD) [L. S. Barkhuda中rov has similar theory to Nida about translation compensation in his Language and Translation考. In his opinion, the translation can b高e achieved equivalently to the original text by compensating, which should be on the premise that it ob教eys the rules of grammar, words and rhetoric of 案the target language. I]

A．磁场和电场一样，是同一种物质 [Translation default and compensation has考 been discussed preliminarily in western c高ountries. According to The Theory and practice of Translation, Ni中da thinks that it is the content that must be conserved at any cost in transferring a text from one language to another. He also holds that if by chance it was 案possible to convey the same content in the target lan教guage in a form which closely resembles that of the source, ]

B．磁场最基本的性质是对处于磁场里的磁体或电流有磁场力的作用 [in each of us two power preside, one male, one female; 案a高nd in the man's brain th教e man predominates over 考the w中oman, and in the woman's brain the woman predominates over the man…Coleridge perhaps meant this when he said that a great mind is androgynous. ]

C．磁体与通电导体之间的相互作用不遵循牛顿第三定律 [Alice Walker is an American novelis案t, short-story writer中, poet, essayist, and activist. Her most famous no教vel, The Color Purple, was awarded the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award in 1983. Alice Walker's creative vision is rooted in the economic hardship, racial terrorism, an考d folk wisdom of African Am高erican life and culture,]

D．电流与电流之间的相互作用是通过磁场进行的 [modern and contemporary literary wo中rks to western readers with his wife Gladys Y案ang, who is also a 教noted translator. They make great contributions to the progress of China's translation cause and they also have influenced foreign readers. Their monumental work A Dream of Red Mansions is the one that is the most dis考cussed. Also, their translations of Lu Hsun's works are well-known in the field of translation a高nd literature]

解析：磁场是客观存在的一种特殊物质，其性质就是对放入其中的磁体或电流产生力的作用．磁场力也是一种性质力，当然遵循牛顿运动定律，电流具有磁效应，通过各自产生的磁场发生相互作用，所以答案选BD. [In the eighty to ninet中y centuries, some words in The True Story考 of Ah Q had long become an intrinsic part of the Chinese vocabulary. By means of self-talk and self-deception, Lu Hsun not only traced a story of a tramp from th教e peasant class with little educati案on, but also created the cultural term of "spiritual vic高tories" in the story, ]

2．磁铁吸引小铁钉与摩擦过的塑料尺吸引毛发碎纸屑两现象比较，下列说法正确的是(D) [Alice Walker is an高 American novelist, short-story writer, poet, essayist, and activist. H案er most famous novel, The Color Purple, was awarded the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award in 1983. Alice Wa考lker's creative vision is教 rooted in the economic hardship, racial terrorism, and folk wisdom 中of African American life and culture,]

A．两者都是电现象 [Translation default and compensation has been discussed 案prelimina高rily in western countries. According to The Theory and practice of Translation, Nida thinks教 that it is the content that must be conserved at any cost in transferring a text from one language to another. He also holds that 考if by chance it was possible to convey the same content in the target language in a form which closely rese中mbles that of the source, ]

B．两者都是磁现象 [In The Color Purple, Walker portrays several typical characters with t教he combination of masculine and f案eminine characteristics in order to show how people grow up for becoming a perfect 考"human高 being" and how a harmonious中 ]

C．前者是电现象，后者是磁现象 [Ke Ping defined compensation as "the making up for the loss meani中ng of the original text due t高o literal translation". (1991:23) But such definitio案n is so indistinct tha教t we can only see compensation in 考meaning perspective.]

D．前者是磁现象，后者是电现象 [Studies on the psychological androgyny has a long history in the West. The most famous psychological experts are Freud and Jung. Through numerous researches on real pe高ople, Freud drew into a conclusi考on that it was tough to fi案nd a p教ure masculine ma中n or a pure feminine woman in the world. On the contrary,]

解析：磁铁吸引小铁钉是靠磁铁的磁场把铁钉磁化而作用的，是磁现象；摩擦过的塑料上带电荷是周围产生电场而吸引毛发碎纸屑的，是电现象． [Alice Walker devotes herself to the racial and sexual liberation of black women in white male-dominated society by prod考ucing at length on issue中s of race, gender and nature, three necessary ingr教edients of her wor高ks. Her most successful novel The Color Pur案ple is honored the Pulitzer Prize,]

3．奥斯特实验说明了(C) [In The C案olor Purple, Walker port教rays several typical ch考aracters with the combination of masculine and feminine characteristic中s in order to show how people grow up for becoming a 高perfect "human being" and how a harmonious ]

A．磁场的存在 B．磁场的方向性 [Alice Walker devotes herself to the racial and sexual liberation of black women in white male-dominated society by producing at length on issues of race, g教ender and nature, three necessary ingredients案 考of her works. Her most successful nov中el The Color Purple is honored the P高ulitzer Prize,]

C．电流可以产生磁场 D．磁体间有相互作用 [Celie is confined to her family due to her submissio考n and she suffers a lot. With the help of Shug, she revolts doggedly for her liberation,案 and finally realize高s her self-reliance and equality. Her self-recogniti教on journey illustrates androgyny complete中ly]

解析：本题考查奥斯特实验，奥斯特实验中电流能使静止的小磁针发生偏转，说明电流周围能产生磁场．故正确选项为C. [According to Approaches t教o Translation 考written by Peter Newmark, there are two types of translation and he calls them com中municative translation and semantic translation. The basic di案fferen高ce between them is the stress on message and meaning. He argues that different translation methods should be used to deal with text]

4．磁性水雷是用一个可绕轴转动的小磁针来控制起爆电路的，军舰被地磁场磁化后就变成了一个浮动的磁体，当军舰接近磁性水雷时，就会引起水雷的爆炸，其依据是(B) [English translation the true story of Ah 案Q for example to roughly analyze how the Yangs 中deal with the cultural default in different default elements. In addition, this study will make a significant theoretica高l and pra教ctical contribution to the study of comp考ensation which may be an effective solution to culture default]

A．磁体的吸铁性 [It is said th高at the couple abide by the principle of "faithful中ness and fluency" in their translation practice. They integrate the literal translation and free translation and also tak案e the integration of domestication and f考oreignization. Such marvelous translations must delight readers' eyes and 教feeling. Undoubtedly]

B．磁极间的相互作用规律 [The Yang's are the most distinguished team of Chinese-English translations. Yang Xianyi is one of the most outstanding literary transla中tors in Chinese translati教on history. Througho考ut hi高s life, he ha案s translated numerous Chinese classical,]

C．电荷间的相互作用规律 [The composition has been translated into more than twent案y languages. Sin高ce it is located with a lot of cultura考l elements, including religious beliefs, moral principles, customs, 中which presents barrie教rs in understanding of the readers from different culture,]

D．磁场对电流的作用原理 [in each of us two power高 preside, one male, one female; and in the man's brain th案e man predominates over the 教woman, and in the woman's 中brain the woman predominates over the man…Coleridge perhaps meant this when he 考said that a great mind is androgynous. ]

解析：同名磁极相互排斥、异名磁极相互吸引．当军舰接近磁性水雷时，磁体间的相互作用引起小磁针的转动，与铁制引芯相吸引，接通电路，引起爆炸． [The composition has been tran中slated into more than twenty la考nguages. Since it is located with a lot of cultural elements, including religious beliefs, moral principles, customs, which presents barriers in unders教tanding of the readers from different cu案l高ture,]

5．如图四个实验现象中，不能表明电流能产生磁场的是(B) [Nationa高l Book Award and the Association中 of American Book Review Award sinc案e its publication that causes the sensation at home and abroad. It has been turned into a movie, an instant s考uccess in the Hollywood教. Rarely can an African-American novel acquire such a great popularity and fame in American literary history.]

[ Finally he is forgiven by Celie and becom中es her physica教l and spiritual mate. Another black woman Shug, a beautiful lady, is also th案e ideal embodiment of androgyny. "That when I notice how 考Shug t高alk and act sometimes like a man. Men say stuff like that to women, Girl, you look like a good time." (]

A．甲图中，导线通电小磁针发生偏转 [It is said tha高t the couple abide by the principle of "faithfulness and fluency" in their translation practice. They integrate the lit教eral translation and free translation and also ta考ke the integration of domestication and forei中gnization. Such marvelous translations must delight read案ers' eyes and feeling. Undoubtedly]

B．乙图中，通电导线在磁场中受到力的作用 [ Finally he is forgiven by Celie and becomes her physical and高 spiritual mate. Another black考 woman Shug, a beautiful lady, is also the ide案al embodiment of androgyny. "That when I notice how Shug talk and act sometimes like a man. Men say stuff like tha教t to women, Girl, you look like a good中 time." (]

C．丙图中，当电流方向相同时，导线相互靠近 [With the notion考 of sex中 equality, Woolf observed gender distinctions in the patriarchal society as well as the specialty of female. She also initialized the term androgyny as femin案ism's values, which presents her教 ideal of realizing a perfect "person" by eliminati高ng gender bias and its binary oppression, ]

D．丁图中，当电流方向相反时，导线相互远离 [English translation the true story of Ah Q for examp中le to roughly analyze how the Yangs deal with the cultural default in different def案ault elements. In a教ddition, this study will make a significant the高oretical and practical contribution to the study of compensation which may be an effective solution to culture 考default]

解析：磁场对小磁针、通电导体有作用力，图甲中的小磁针发生了偏转，图丙、丁中的通电导体发生了吸引和排斥，都说明了电流周围存在磁场．乙图不能说明电流能产生磁场．所以答案为B. [In The Color Purple, Walker portrays several typical characters 案with the combination of masculine and feminine characteristics in order to show how people grow up for be教coming a高 perfect "human考 being" and how a harmo中nious ]

6．判断一段导线中是否有直流电流通过，手边若有几组器材，其中最为可用的是(A) [It is 考said that教 the couple abide by the principle of 案"faithfulness and fluency" in their translation practice. They integrate the literal translation and free translation and also take the integration of domestication and foreignization. Such marvelous translations must delight readers' ey高es中 and feeling. Undoubtedly]

A．被磁化的缝衣针及细棉线 [Alice Walker is one of the American's most考 influential and talented writers whose masterpiece The 高Color Purple brought her the Pulit中zer Prize in 1983 and the American B案ook Award in 1984. In this novel, a variety of roles with femininity and masculinity are characterized by Walker in accordance with the t教heory of androgyny.]

B．带电的小纸球及细棉线 [It is said that the couple abide by the principle of "f案aithfulness and fluency" in their translation practice. They 高integra教te the literal translation and free translation and also take the integration of domestication and foreignization. Such marvelous translations must delig考ht readers' ey中es and feeling. Undoubtedly]

C．小灯泡及导线 [Ke Ping defined compensation as "中the making up for the loss meaning考 of the original text due to li高teral translation". (1991:23) But such 教definition is so indistinct that w案e can only see compensation in meaning perspective.]

D．蹄形磁铁及细棉线 [English transla案tion the true story of Ah Q for examp考le to roughly analyze how the Yangs deal 教with the cultural default in different default elements. In addition, this 高study will make a significant th中eoretical and practical contribution to the study of compensation which may be an effective solution to culture default]

解析： 被磁化的缝衣针相当于小磁针，用细棉线吊起后放在直线电流周围能摆动说明导线中有电流流过． [The composition has been translated into more than twenty languages. Since it is located with a lot of cultural高 elements, including religious beliefs, m案o教ral principles, customs, which presents barriers中 in u考nderstanding of the readers from different culture,]

7．地球是一个大磁体，它的磁场分布情况与一个条形磁铁的磁场分布的情况相似，下列说法正确的是(D) [L. S. Barkhudarov has similar theory to Nida about translation compensation in his Language and T案ranslation. In his opinion, the translation can be achieve教d equivalently to the original text by compensating, which should be on the premis高e that it obeys the 考rules of grammar, words and rhetoric of the tar中get language. I]

A．地磁场的方向是沿地球上的经线方向 [Alice Walker is an American novelist, short-story writer, poet, essayist, and activist. Her most famous novel, The Color 案Purple, was awa教rded the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award in 1983. Alice Walker's creative vision is rooted in the economic hardship, racial terrorism, and folk wis高dom of Africa中n American life and cul考ture,]

B．地磁场的方向是与地面平行的 [modern and contemporary literary works to western readers with his wife Gladys Yang, who is also a no中t案ed translator. They make great contributi考ons to the p高rogress of China's translation cause and they also ha教ve influenced foreign readers. Their monumental work A Dream of Red Mansions is the one that is the most discussed. Also, their translations of Lu Hsun's works are well-known in the field of translation and literature]

C．地磁场的方向是从北向南的方向 [With the growing con教nections of culture, the translation of literary composition h中as become increasingly important. It suggests that transl高ators are facing the challenge of案 intercultural translation, especiall考y the culture default and compensation in the composition. Such challenge is mainly caused by the difference of language]

D．在地磁南极上空，地磁场的方向是竖直向下的 [Ali中ce Walker is on考e of the American's most influential and talented writers whose masterpiece The Co案lor Purple brought her the Pulitzer Prize in 1983 and the Ameri教can Bo高ok Award in 1984. In this novel, a variety of roles with femininity and masculinity are characterized by Walker in accordance with the theory of androgyny.]

解析：地理南北极与地磁南北极不重合，所以地磁场方向与经线有夹角，即磁偏角，地磁场方向不与地面平行，它们之间的夹角称为磁倾角，在地磁南北极附近，磁场方向是与地面垂直的． [Alice Walk教er is an American novelist, short-story writer, po高et, essayist, and activist. Her most 考famous novel, The Color Purple, was awarded the Pul案itzer Prize and the National Book Award in 1983.中 Alice Walker's creative vision is rooted in the economic hardship, racial terrorism, and folk wisdom of African American life and culture,]

►能力提升 [Alice Walker is one of the American's most influential and高 talented writers whose masterpiece The Color Purple考 brought her the Pulitzer Prize in 1983 and the American Book Award in 1984. In thi案s novel, a variety of roles with femi教ninity and masculinity are characterized 中by Walker in accordance with the theory of androgyny.]

8．《新民晚报》曾报道一则消息：“上海信鸽从内蒙古放飞后，历经20余天，返回上海市鸽巢”，信鸽的这种惊人的远距离辨认方向的本领，实在令人称奇．人们对信鸽有高超的认路本领的原因提出了如下猜想： [modern and contemporary literary works to western readers with his wife Gladys Yang, who is also a noted translator. They make g案reat contributions to the progress of China's translation cause and t中h高ey also have influenced foreign readers. Their monumental work A Dream of Red Man考sions is教 the one that is the most discussed. Also, their translations of Lu Hsun's works are well-known in the field of translation and literature]

A．信鸽对地形地貌有极强的记忆力 [ Finally he is forgiven by Celie and becomes her physical and spiritual mate. Another black woman Sh考ug, a beautiful lady, is also the ideal embodiment of 高androgyny. "That when I notice how Shug talk and act sometimes like a man. Me案n say stuff like t中hat to women, Girl, you look like a good time教." (]

B．信鸽能发射并接收某种超声波 [According to Approaches to Tra中nslation writte教n by Peter Newmark, there are two types of translation and he calls them communicative translation and semantic translation. The basic difference betw案een them is 考the stress on message and meaning. He argues that different translation methods should be used to deal with高 text]

C．信鸽能发射并接收某种次声波 [Celie is confined考高 to her family due to her教 submission and she suffers a lot. With中 the help of Shug, she revolts dogge案dly for her liberation, and finally realizes her self-reliance and equality. Her self-recognition journey illustrates androgyny completely]

D．信鸽体内有某种磁性物质，它能借助地磁场辨别方向 [Alice Walker devotes herself to the racial and sexual 高liberation of black women in white male-dominated 考society by producing at lengt中h on issues of race, gender and 案nature, three necessary ingredients of her works. Her most successful novel The Color Purple is honored the Pulitzer Prize教,]

那么信鸽究竟靠什么辨别方向呢？科学家们曾做过这样一个实验：把几百只训练有素的信鸽分成两组，在一组信鸽的翅膀下各缚一块小磁铁，而在另一组信鸽的翅膀下各缚一块大小相同的铜块，然后把它们带到离鸽舍一定距离的地方放飞，结果绝大部分缚铜块的信鸽飞回鸽舍，而缚磁铁的信鸽全部飞散了．科学家的实验支持了上述哪种猜想(D) [English translation the true story of Ah Q for example to 教roughly analyz高e how the Yangs deal with the cultural default in different default elements. In a考ddition, this study will make a significant theoretical and practical contribution to the study of compensation which may be an effective solution 中to cul案ture default]

解析： 也许同学们还不明白超声波、次声波的含义，但是，题目中给出的实验情景会帮助我们理解题意，并作出正确判断．信鸽缚铜块不影响其辨别方位，但缚磁铁就会迷失方向．可以判断选项D正确． [In the eighty to ninety centuries, some words in The True Story of Ah Q had long考 become an intrinsic part of the Chinese vocabular中y. By means of self-talk and self-dec高eption, Lu Hsun not only traced a story of a tramp from the peasant class with little education, bu案t also created the cultural term of "spiri教tual victories" in the story, ]

9．如图所示为一电磁选矿机的示意图，其中M为矿石漏斗，D为电磁铁. 在开矿中，所开采出的矿石有含铁矿石和非含铁矿石，那么矿石经过选矿机后，落入B槽中的矿石是________，落入A槽中的矿石是________． [It is said that the couple abide by the principle of "faithfulness and 教fluency" in their translation practice. They integrate the literal translation and free translation and also take the int案egration of domestication and foreignizat中ion. Such marvelous tr高anslations must delight readers' eyes and feeling. 考Undoubtedly]

[including religious beliefs, moral principles, customs and so on. Such elements may puzzle the r教高eaders from different cult考ure. In order to smooth t中he wa案y to the further discussion about cultural default and compensation, the thesis will roughly analyze how the Yangs' ]

解析：含铁矿石被电磁铁D磁化吸引，故落入B槽；非含铁矿石不受D 的作用，故落入A槽． [Alice Walker is one of高 the American's most influential and talented writers wh教ose masterpiece The C中olor Purple brought her the Pulitzer Prize in 19案83 and the American Book Award in 1984. In this novel, a variety of roles with femininity and masculinity are characterized by Walker in accordance with the theory of andro考gyny.]

答案：含铁矿石　非含铁矿石 [In the eighty to ninety centuries, some words in The True Story of Ah Q had long become an intrinsic part of the Chinese vocabulary. By means of教 self-talk a高nd self-deception, Lu Hsun not only traced a story of a tramp from the peasant class with little education, but al案so created the cultural term of "spir考itual victories中" in the story, ]

高中物理 第2章 第3节 欧姆定律练习 新人教版选修31