（新课标）2016高考英语阅读理解和短文改错选练（2）

阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

体裁：记叙文　话题：人物介绍　时间：7分钟

The son of a piano producer，Elwyn Brooks White was born in Mount Vernon in a wealthy family.And he was raised with the mix of sophistication(高水平) and common sense that would mark his writing.

After graduation，Elwyn Brooks White spent a year as a newspaper reporter in New York City，and then decided to drive across the country with a friend.The trip gave Elwyn Brooks White a lifetime of anecdotes.“When they ran out of money，” Elwyn Brooks White's friend，James Thurber，noted,“they played for their supper and their gasoline on an interesting musical instrument that Elwyn Brooks White had made out of some pieces of wire and an old shoe.”

When Elwyn Brooks White returned to New York City in the mid­1920s，he spent a few years bouncing between advertising jobs and unemployment before trying his hand again at writing.Not very seriously，he sent some essays to a new magazine called The New Yorker.Since its founding in 1925，the magazine had struggled to find its_niche，and Elwyn Brooks White's work helped put The New Yorker on the map.His essays were funny and sophisticated；they spoke equally to socialites(社会名流) and cab drivers，professors and repairmen.Through his essays，which he wrote for nearly 50 years，Elwyn Brooks White helped give The New Yorker its voice and identity.

In 1945，already a leading literary figure，Elwyn Brooks White switched to his second occupation on writing children's books.He moved from New York to a farm in Maine，where he raised chickens and geese.Seeking a way to amuse his nieces and nephews，Elwyn Brooks White started to write stories for them.“Children were always after me to tell them a story and I found I couldn't do it，” he said.“So I had to get it down on paper.”

By the time he died from Alzheimer's disease in 1985，Elwyn Brooks White's essays had appeared in more literary collections in colleges than those of any other writer.Many said his essays matched his personality: sophisticated without being simple，critical without being mean.

【语篇导读】　本文介绍了Elwyn Brooks White的生平。

1．What can we learn from Paragraph 2?

A．Elwyn Brooks White took the trip to realize his lifelong dream.

B．The trip had a lasting effect on Elwyn Brooks White's personality.

C．The travelling companion found Elwyn Brooks White's music talent.

D．Elwyn Brooks White had many experiences to talk about after the trip.

解析　细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句话“The trip gave Elwyn Brooks White a lifetime of anecdotes.”可知D项正确。

答案　D

2．The underlined part“its niche” in Paragraph 3 means something that ______.

A．suits its sponsors' tastes

B．protects its social identity

C．helps build its own style

D．voices its authors' concern

解析　词义猜测题。根据画线部分后面的“Elwyn Brooks White's work helped put The New Yorker on the map”以及该段最后一句话中的“Elwyn Brooks White helped give The New Yorker its voice and identity”可知C项正确。

答案　C

3．What do we know about Elwyn Brooks White's works?

A．They originally came from the stories told by his nieces.

B．They were intended for people of different social status.

C．They helped The New Yorker find its position on the map.

D．They were chosen by college textbooks when they came out.

解析　细节理解题。由第三段的倒数第二句话“His essays were funny and sophisticated；they spoke equally to socialites(社会名流) and cab drivers，professors and repairmen.”可知，他的作品适合不同社会地位的人。

答案　B

【科普知识型---阅读理解】

It's a common belief that over time, pet owners start to look like their animals, and vice versa. Now comes the terrifying news that cats look up to their owners as role models and copy their behaviour.

Next time you reach for your fridge, think twice. If your kitty is watching, she is likely to overeat as well.

What is your cat's IQ?

In a new study from the University of Messina, it turns out that indoor cats who live closely to their owners “mirror” the lives of their caregivers. They sleep at the same time, eat at the same time, and can even become more or less social depending on the behaviour of their owners.

“Cats are intelligent animals with a long memory, ”Jane Brunt, the executive director of the Catalyst Council, told Discovery News. “They watch and learn from us, noting the patterns of our actions, knowing where their food is kept and what time to expect to be fed, how to open the cupboard door that's been improperly closed, and where their feeding and toileting areas are.”Because cats copy our habits, if you spend a lot of time raiding(搜刮)the fridge, your cat will return to its food bowl for that midnight snack, too. According to the study, this explains why “human and cat overweight rates often seem to match”．So, if you feel guilty about leaving your precious kitty at home while you go to work, now you can feel even worse：you are making your cat fat!

There's no word if drinking green tea and making sure you go to yoga will benefit your cat, but based on the study, it sounds like sticking to a healthy eating and sleeping schedule is best for both of you.

There's a lot we can learn from our cats in return. “When they sit on our laps softly purring with rhythmic breathing and halfclosed eyes, the sense of peace and calm that comes over us is like a private lesson in inner meditation，”Brunt said. Sure. But cats don't have to sit in rush hour traffic for an hour a day or worry about their inlaws. They're probably pretty good at remaining calm.

So, according to science, even though we assume that cats are not close to us all these years, it turns out they are in fact learning from us and looking up to us. Scary, huh?

1．According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

A．Cats can copy humans' schedule.

B．Humans can learn from cats in some way.

C．Cats are smart and have a long memory.

D．Green tea and yoga can benefit cats.

2．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 5 refer to?

A．Humans' keeping searching the fridge.

B．Cats' going to their owners for food.

C．Cats' copying humans' habit of looking for food.

D．Humans' leaving cats home while working.

3．What can we learn from our cats?

A．To remain calm. B．To be able to copy.

C．To stay proud. D．To look up to friends.

4．The best title for the passage could be “________”．

A．Your cat can bring you pleasure B．You are copying your cat

C．You can make your cat social D．Your cat is copying your habit

【要点综述】本文是一篇有关养宠物猫的科普文章。宠物猫和主人待的时间长了会模仿主人的习惯，而人也能从猫身上学习一些好的习惯。

1．D　推理判断题。根据文章的“There's no word if drinking green tea and making sure you go to yoga will benefit your cat…”可知D项错误。

2．C　词义指代题。根据画线这一段的内容可知this 指代的是猫会模仿主人搜刮冰箱的习惯。故选C项。

3．A　细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段内容，特别是最后一句“They're probably pretty good at remaining calm.”可知A项正确。

4．D　主旨大意题。本文是一篇有关养宠物猫的科普文章。宠物猫和主人待的时间长了会模仿主人的习惯，而人也能从猫身上学习一些好的习惯。故选D项。

【由北京市丰台区2014高考模拟改编】

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Have you ever looked toward the sky on a fall day and witnessed a group of migrating birds? If so, you probably noted the V-shaped formation of the birds or the birds flying in a ball-like formation. Why do birds fly this way? Many theories have been developed to explain the formation patterns of different types of birds.

One theory is that birds fly in certain formations to take advantage of the laws of nature. The birds know that flying in a V-shaped pattern will save energy. Like the lead cyclist in a race who decreases wind force for the cyclists who follow, the lead bird cuts wind force for the birds that follow. This decrease in wind force means that the birds use up to 70 percent less energy during their flight. When the lead bird becomes tired, a more rested bird takes over that position.

But saving energy is important for more than one reason. Sometimes food is short during migration flights. Keeping energy enables the birds to fly longer distances between meals.

When food is sighted, the birds guide one another in a different way. When a bird identifies a familiar feeding area, it might turn around in order to signal the group to change direction. Then, this bird becomes the new leader. It helps guarantee that other birds will know exactly where it is going. Then the whole group makes a change in direction, gently streaming from the sky down to the ground. This formation is like an arrow pointing to the location of food.

Scientists have also studied the birds that sometimes fly in a ball-like formation. Researchers believe that the birds come together if a predator（天敌） is spotted. The predator may then become impatient waiting for a single bird to fly away from the group. The birds will often dip and dive as a group, frustrating even the most persistent enemy. Scientists report that this is a very effective method of defense against an attack.

The birds care for their fellow fliers through teamwork. As transportation expert Henry Ford once said, “If everyone is moving forward together, then success takes care of itself.” When it comes to teamwork, these feathered fliers are a soaring success!

1. According to the passage, we can learn that birds ___________.

A. move faster than cyclists

B. prefer to fly in a V formation

C. are smarter than other animals

D. play different roles in a formation

2. When food is sighted, ____________.

A. the group follows the discoverer

B. the lead bird decides what to do

C. the discoverer leaves the group

D. the whole group forms a stream

3. To protect themselves from attack, birds will _____________ .

A. break into groups B. come close together

C. change directions D. fly up and down

4. Which is the best title for the passage?

A. A Bird’s-Eye View of Teamwork.

B. Success Takes Care of Itself.

C. The Strongest Will Survive.

D. A Science Behind Flying.

【参考答案】1—4、DA B A

短文改错

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（^），并在此符号下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Maria, a 91 - year- old woman, has an unbelievable experience last week. A group of thieves

broke to her house but took nothing away with them. Maria remembered that the windows

were broken and all her box were opened, but nothing was missing. Instead, she found a

handwritten note that was said, "This is help you get by". Beside the note there was some

money. It seemed that the thieves realized how poor Maria lived and derided not to take

something—but to help.One policeman who has been working for 40 years is surprising by this

event too. Later Maria framed the note received from her friendly thieves but used the money to

buy sweets for his great grandchildren.

【参考答案】4.

Maria, a 91 - year- old woman, has an unbelievable experience last week. A group of thieves

had

broke to her house but took nothing away with them. Maria remembered that the windows

into

were broken and all her box were opened, but nothing was missing. Instead, she found a

boxes

handwritten note that was said, "This is∧help you get by". Beside the note there was some

to

money. It seemed that the thieves realized how poor Maria lived and derided not to take

poorly

something—but to help.One policeman who has been working for 40 years is surprising by this

anything surprised

event too. Later Maria framed the note received from her friendly thieves but used the money to

and

buy sweets for his great grandchildren.

her

短文改错

假定英语课上老师要同学之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同学写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线( \ )划掉。

修改：在错的词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均限一词。

2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处）不计分。

Attention please, everyone. We accepted the weather forecast on the radio this morning that there will have a heavy rain tonight. Be sure shut the windows and doors until you leave your classrooms. The winter sports meet that we planned to hold on tomorrow will be put off. After it becomes fine, we'll make other announcement. We will have classes on Thursday as usually. Since it is cold tomorrow, please put on more clothes in time. Those who comes to school by bike don't keep your umbrella open while riding.

【参考答案】5.

Attention please, everyone. We accepted the weather forecast on the radio this

received/got

morning that there will have a heavy rain tonight. Be sure ∧shut the windows

be to

and doors until you leave your classrooms. The sports meet that we planned to

before

hold on tomorrow will be put off. After it becomes fine, we'll make other

去掉on another

announcement. We will have classes on Thursday as usually. Since it is cold

usual colder

tomorrow, please put on more clothes in time. Those who comes to school

come

by bike don't keep your umbrella open while riding.

umbrellas

6.短文改错

下面短文中有10处语言错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在下面加上该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。

注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

I like riding my bike．Though it is not very new, but it is my best friend．I find very convenient to go anywhere with a bike．Riding gives me not only exercises but also pleasure．I use my bike almost in summer when the weather is warm and dry．It can be very pleasant in winter when it is cold and rain is pour down．It can also be very dangerous．Of course I will be very carefully on my bike．In fact, accidents are not the only problem．Once I went to bookstore on my mother’s bike to buy some books and come out to find the bike missing．Now I have two strong lock．

【参考答案】6.

I like riding my bike．Though it is not very new, but it is my best friend．I find∧very

it

convenient to go anywhere with a bike．Riding gives me not only exercises but also pleasure．I

exercise

use my bike almost in summer when the weather is warm and dry．It can be very pleasant in

mostly can’t（ 或unpleasant）

winter when it is cold and rain is pour down．It can also be very dangerous．Of course I will be

pouring

very carefully on my bike．In fact, accidents are not the only problem．Once I went to ∧

careful a

bookstore on my mother’s bike to buy some books and come out to find the bike missing．Now I

came

have two strong lock．

locks

（新课标）2016高考英语阅读理解和短文改错选练(2)