能量密度Energy density
发布时间：2014-09-30 17:30:04
能量密度Energy density
是指在一定的空间或质量物质中储存能量的大小。
能量密度就是单位体积里所含的能量。
电场与磁场是分布在全空间中的，而且它们是有能量的，这些能量在全空间中的分布是不均匀的，越靠近场源（即电荷或电流）场的能量越密集——单位体积里所含能量越多；反之，离场源越远，场能量越稀疏——能量密度越小。
完全能量密度
此表给出了完整系统的能量密度, 包含了一切必要的外部条件,如氧化剂和热源。
能量密度表：
存储形式 | 质量能量密度 (MJ/kg) | 容积能量密度 (MJ/L) | Peak recovery efficiency % | Practical recovery efficiency % |
质能等价 | 89,876,000,000 |
|
|
|
氢核聚变（太阳的能量来源) | 645,000,000 |
|
|
|
Deuterium-Tritium fusion | 337,000,000 |
|
|
|
核裂变 (100% 铀-235) (用于核武器) | 88,250,000 | 1,500,000,000 |
|
|
天然铀 (99.3% U-238, 0.7% U-235)用于快滋生反应器[2] | 24,000,000 |
|
| 50% |
浓缩铀 (3.5% U235) 用于轻水反应堆 | 3,456,000 |
|
| 30% |
Hf-178m2 isomer | 1,326,000 | 17,649,060 |
|
|
Pu-238 a-decay | 15,500,000 |
|
|
|
天然铀 (0.7% U235) 用于 轻水反应堆 | 443,000 |
|
| 30% |
Ta-180m isomer | 41,340 | 689,964 |
|
|
Specific orbital energy of Low Earth orbit (approximate) | 33 |
|
|
|
Cl2O7 + CH4 - 计算值 | 17.4 |
|
|
|
Cl2O7分解---计算值 | 12.2 |
|
|
|
硝基甲烷 | 11.3 | 12.9 |
|
|
八硝基立方烷炸药--计算值 | 8.5 | 17 |
|
|
Tetranitrotetrahedrane explosive - computed | 8.3 |
|
|
|
Heptanitrocubane explosive - computed | 8.2 |
|
|
|
Dinitroacetylene explosive - computed | 7.9 |
|
|
|
钠 (和氯反应) | 7.0349 |
|
|
|
Tetranitrocubane explosive - computed | 6.95 |
|
|
|
Ammonal (Al+NH4NO3 oxidizer) | 6.9 | 12.7 |
|
|
Tetranitromethane + hydrazine bipropellant - computed | 6.6 |
|
|
|
Hexanitrobenzene explosive - computed | 6.5 |
|
|
|
奥克托今 炸药 - 计算值 | 6.3 |
|
|
|
ANFO-ANNM | 6.26 |
|
|
|
三硝基甲苯 [Kinney, G.F.，K.J. Graham（1985）．Explosive shocks in air．Springer-Verlag．ISBN 3-540-15147-8． ] | 4.610 | 6.92 |
|
|
Copper Thermite (Al + CuO as oxidizer) | 4.13 | 20.9 |
|
|
Thermite (powder Al + Fe2O3 as oxidizer) | 4.00 | 18.4 |
|
|
过氧化氢分解 (as monopropellant) | 2.7 | 3.8 |
|
|
纳米线电池 | 2.54 | 29 |
| 95%Template:Clarify[3] |
battery, Lithium Thionyl Chloride (LiSOCl2) [4] | 2.5 |
|
|
|
水 220.64 bar, 373.8°CTemplate:Clarify | 1.968 | 0.708 |
|
|
Kinetic energy penetrator Template:Clarify | 1.9 | 30 |
|
|
battery, Fluoride ion | 1.7 | 2.8 |
|
|
氢闭循环燃料电池[5]sm=n | 1.62 |
|
|
|
肼(有毒)分解 (as monopropellant) | 1.6 | 1.6 |
|
|
硝酸铵分解 (as monopropellant) | 1.4 | 2.5 |
|
|
电容 EEStor生产 (宣称值) [6] | 1.2 | 5.7 | 99% | 99% |
Thermal Energy Capacity of Molten Salt | 1 |
|
| 98%[7] |
Molecular spring approximate | 1 |
|
|
|
battery, Sodium Sulfur | 0 | 1.23 |
| 85%[8] |
battery, Lithium-manganese | 0.83-1.01 | 1.98-2.09 |
|
|
锂离子电池 | 0.46-0.72 | 0.83-0.9 |
| 95% |
battery, Lithium Sulphur | 1.26 | 1.26 |
|
|
battery(Sodium Nickel Chloride)]], High Temperature | 0.56 |
|
|
|
battery, Silver-oxide | 0.47 | 1.8 |
|
|
Flywheel | 0.36-0.5 |
|
|
|
5.56x45 NATO子弹Template:Clarify | 0.4 | 3.2 |
|
|
镍氢电池,消费产品的低功率产品 | 0.4 | 1.55 |
|
|
battery, Zinc-manganese (alkaline), long life design | 0.4-0.59 | 1.15-1.43 |
|
|
battery, Zinc Bromine flow (ZnBr) | 0.27 |
|
|
|
battery, Nickel metal hydride (NiMH), High Power design as used in cars | 0.250 | 0.493 |
|
|
battery, Nickel cadmium (NiCd) | 0.14 | 1.08 |
| 80% |
battery, Zinc-Carbon | 0.13 | 0.331 |
|
|
battery, Lead acid | 0.14 | 0.36 |
|
|
battery, Vanadium redox | 0.09 | 0.1188 |
| 7070-75% |
battery, Vanadium Bromide redox | 0.18 | 0.252 |
| 80%-90%[9] |
Capacitor Ultracapacitor | 0.0199 [10] | 0.050 |
|
|
Capacitor Supercapacitor | 0.01 |
| 80%-98.5%[11] | 39%-70%[12] |
Superconducting magnetic energy storage |
| 0.008 [13] |
| >95% |
Capacitor | 0.002 [14] |
|
|
|
Spring power (clock spring), torsion spring | 0.0003 [15] | 0.0006 |
|
|
Storage type | Energy density by mass (MJ/kg) | Energy density by volume (MJ/L) | Peak recovery efficiency % | Practical recovery efficiency % |
电池的平均单位体积或质量所释放出的电能。一般在相同体积下，锂离子电池的能量密度是镍镉电池的2.5倍，是镍氢电池的1.8倍，因此在电池容量相等的情况下，锂离子电池就会比镍镉、镍氢电池的体积更小，重量更轻。
在食品营养学的角度上，能量密度是指每克食物所含的能量，这与食品的水分和脂肪含量密切有关。食品的水分含量高则能量密度低、脂肪含量高则能量密度高。
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