①课本第三页 1-Needs and Purposes for Communication

• (1) survival (6) power

• (2) cooperation (7)social needs

• (3)personal needs (8) information

• (4) relationships (9) making sense of world

• (5) persuasion 劝说 (10) self-expression

用P4—P6 Survival、Co-operation、Personal needs. Relationships.persuasion……回答，不要求全部都写出来，但是至少要答四到五个，理解读懂还要有对这个词的解释

②P6掌握交际的概念（Definition）

• Communication refers to the act and process of sending and receiving messages among people.

• Eg: buy computer via Internet

• Communication—someone perceives behavior or its residue and attributes meaning to it. Communication has taken place regardless of whether that behavior is conscious or unconscious. Intentional or unintentional.

③P10（很重要） 交际的过程（the process）

1. the components of communication

• Message

• Sender

• Receiver

• Channel

• Noise

• Feedback

• Encoding/Decoding

2. Models of communication

• (1) the linear model

• (2) the circular model

• (3) the contextualized model

④P14 交际的特征（Characteristics）里的黑体标题要看懂

• 1. communication is dynamic 动态

• 2. communication is irreversible不可撤销

• 3. communication is symbolic符号性

• 4. communication is systemic 系统性

• 5. communication is self-reflective自我反映性

• 6.communication is interactive 交互性

• 7. communication is complex 复杂性

⑤P22里的最后一段中影响跨文化交际的主要三个因素

Language barriers，different values，different cultural patterns of behavior

⑥ICC与ICBC的概念

1. intercultural communication (ICC)

• --interpersonal communication between members of different cultures.

2. intercultural business communication (ICBC)

• --communication within and between businesses that involve people from more than one culture

⑦P31课后练习中的Discussion Questions的前三个问题

⑧P41 关于文化的概念 在这页的第五段

• Culture is the total accumulation（积累） of beliefs, customs, values, behaviors, institutions（习俗） and communication patterns（样式） that are shared, learned and passed down through the generations in an identifiable group of people.

⑨P42 文化的特点 还要解释四个到五个

• 1. culture is not innate; it is learned (e.g. sneezing)

• 2. culture is transmitted from generation to generation

• 3. culture is selective

• 4. the facets of culture are interrelated (e.g. women’s movement)

• 5. culture is ethnocentric

• 6. culture is subject to change

⑩P46价值观的概念（definition of value）

• One’s principles or standards, one’s judgment of what is valuable or important in life

• A broad tendency to prefer certain states of affairs over others. (Hofstede P46)

• A conception, explicit or implicit, distinctive of an individual or characteristic of a group, of the desirable which influences the selection from available modes, means, and ends of action.

⑾P45（重点）values from the core of culture

• 1.values form the core of culture

• 2. values are the deepest manifestations of culture and most difficult to understand by an outsider. (symbols-heroes-rituals-values, by Hofstede)

⑿P48 价值观的分类

• 1.universal values (e.g., happy life)

• 2.cultural-specific values (e.g.. modesty for Chinese culture)

• 3. peculiar expression or deviations of individuals within cultures (subjective culture)

⒀P49 价值观是怎样形成的？how to get one’s value？

• 1. from one’s family

• 2.from school education teachers

• 3. from one’s peers

• 4. from society at large

⒁P59（很重要） hofstede-Bond's Value Dimensions

• Individualism vs. Collectivism (P.61)

• Power Distance

• Uncertainty Avoidance

• Masculinity vs. Femininity

回答这个题目时要说这个理论是谁写的，叫什么名字，理论是什么（从P60-64四个角度回答）还要解释，还要给例子，比如P62的图表。这样才能得高分

⒂P80课后练习第一大题的前三个问题

⒃P222 商务礼仪的重要性 从这页的第二段前四句回答

• 1. to increase the quality of life in the workplace

• 2. to contribute to optimum employee moral

• 3.to establish the company image

• 4.to play a major role in generating profit

⒄P223Defining Business Etiquette and Protocol（礼仪指的是什么。礼节指怎样做）

具体分析

• Etiquette refers to manners and behavior considered acceptable in social and business situations.

• Protocol: customs and regulations dealing with diplomatic etiquette and courtesies expected in official dealing with persons in various cultures.

Chaney and Martin(2002)

Difference between etiquette and protocol

• Protocol is what to do in a given situation.

• Etiquette is how to do it and how to do it gracefully.

⒅P225（很重要）Cultural differences in business etiquette and protocol 文化在这两者中的不一样 ？会解释，举例子说明

• 1. initial business relationship

• 2. Social entertainment

• 3. Gift giving etiquette

• 4.business dress

• 5.business schedule

• 6.the use of humor

⒆P254课后练习第一大题的 1 2 3 5

⒇写作注意格式，格式占一半分

January 一月 July 七月

February 二月 August 八月

March 三月 September 九月

April 四月 October 十月

May 五月 November 十一月

June 六月 December 十二月

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跨文化商务交际（窦卫霖）