高中语法—状语从句

讲解

1．定义

状语---修饰谓语动作的成分，表时间，地点，原因，目的

状语从句---充当状语的句子，作时间状语从句，地点状语从句，原因状语从句，目的状语从句

2．时间状语从句(修饰谓语动词，表做某事的时间）

1.As,When,while ”当...时候“@1,6,13#10

I was thinking of this when I heard my name called.（非谓语表被动）

→sb be doing sth when...某人正在做某事，突然...#9

We were about to start when it begin to rain.

→sb be about to do sth when...某人正要做某事，突然...

We had hardly fallen asleep when the bell rang.

→sb had just done sth when...某人刚做某事，突然...

2.Before@3

“在...之前”：Check it carefully before you hand it in.

上较之前仔细核对。

“还没来得及...就”：She shut the door before I could say a word.

我还没来得及说话，她就把门关了。

“...才...”:She and her family hid away for two years before they were discovered.

她和她的家人躲藏了两年之后才被发现。

”趁...还没发生“：I’ll write it on my notebook before I forget it.

我要把它写在笔记本上，趁着我还没忘。

3.till-until-not...until#6

You can stay here till/until the rain stops.你可以呆在这里直到雨停。

He didn’t go to bed until he came back.直到他回来他才去睡觉。

4.no sooner ...than-hardly...when”一...就...“#1#14

时态：I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.

=I had hardly got home when it began to rain.

→主+had+No sooner/hardly+ done...than/when+did

倒装：No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.

=Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.

→No sooner/hardly had+主+done...than/when+did

5.名词短语/副词引导时间状语从句

I felt excited the first time I went to Beijing.第一次...

Every/Each time I was in trouble, he would help me out.每次...

The boy rushed into the room the moment/immediately/instantly he heard the noise.一...就...

3．地点状语从句(修饰谓语动词，表做某事的地点）

1.连接词

I found my wallet where I had left it.我在我落下钱包的地方找到了它。@12，17#2

You are free to go wherever you like.你可以随意去任何你想去的地方。@4

He wants to live with his mother anywhere she lives.他想和他妈妈住在一起，无论他住在哪。

2.where引导的状语从句与定语从句的区别

状语从句：Put it where we can see it.把它放在我们都看得见的地方。---修饰谓语动作

定语从句：Put it in the place where we can see it. ---修饰名词

4．原因状语从句(修饰谓语动词，表做某事的原因）

1.I loves dogs because/as they are faithful.因为@11

2.Since/Now that everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting.既然

3.This book is interesting in that there are a lot of pictures in it.原因在于

5．目的状语从句(修饰谓语动词，表做某事的目的）

1.so that-in order that以便... 为了...

I will speak slowly so that/in order that you can understand me.句中

In order that you can understand me, I will speak slowly.句首

2.In case-for fear that以防，以免@2

Write the telephone number in case you forget.

He told us to keep quiet for fear that we might disturb others.

6．结果状语从句(修饰谓语动词，表做某事的结果）

1.We got up early so that we caught the plane.以致于

2.Mike is such an honest boy that we all believe him.→如此...以致于such+n.+that

= Such an honest boy is Mike that we all believe him.→such部分句首部分倒装

3.Mike is so honest a boy that we all believe him.→如此...以致于so+a.+that

=So honest a boy is Mike that we all believe him.→so部分句首部分倒装

7．条件状语从句(修饰谓语动词，表做某事的条件）

1.if如果：If he cannot run as fast as me, he will be killed.

2.Unless除非，如果不：I won’t go to the party unless I’m invited.@10,14,19

3.As long as只要：As long as you don’t lose heart, you will succeed.@15

4.In case如果，万一：In case he comes, tell him to wait for a while.（条件状语从句，条件部分用一般现在代替一般将来）@16#18

5.I can tell you the truth on condition that you ca keep it a secret.在...条件下，只要

→suppose/supposing that假设，provide/providing that如果

8．方式状语从句(修饰谓语动词，表做某事的方式）

1.as按照：Do as you are told, or you will be fired.按照要求做，否则你将被开除。

2.As if/as though好像：The old man treats the boy as if he were his own son.

*as if/as though+非真实从句→虚拟语气did

9．让步状语从句(修饰谓语动作，表示退一步说，虽然，尽管）

1.though/although虽然：He is unhappy, though/although（正式，多放句首）he has a lot of money.

*不与but连用#3,4，11#16

2.Even though/even if即使：We will go out even if/even though the weather is bad.@8,20

3.As/though尽管

Child as/though he is, he knows a lot.尽管他是个孩子，他懂得很多。

=Though he is a child, he knows a lot.

Tired as/though he was, he stayed up late尽管他很累，他熬夜到很晚。

=Though he was tired, he stayed up late.

Much as/though I like it, I won’t buy it.尽管我很喜欢它，我不会买它。

=Although I like it much(喜欢的程度不如very much), I won’t buy it.

→as引导让步状语形式倒装：a./n./adv.+as+主谓@9，18

Though引导让步状语：可倒装可不倒装

4.whether...or...不管是...还是...：You have to attend the meeting whether you are free or busy.

5.疑问词+ever=no matter+疑问词 无论...

Whatever /No matter what you say, he won’t believe you.@7#8#19

However/No matter how difficult the question is, I will work it out.@5#13

6.While虽然尽管:While you can’t turn back the clock, you can control your life.倒转时钟#5,17

10．比较状语从句(修饰谓语动作，表示比较）#15

1.You speak English as well as she does.→as+a/adv+as和...一样

His handwriting is not as good as yours.→not as+a/adv+as和...不一样

2.The more we can do for you, the happier we will be.→the+比较级，the+比较级“越...越...”

课堂练习

答题技巧：连词意思要记牢，连词选择看句意

1. It’s much easier to make friends ______ you have similar interests.

A. unless B. when C. even though D. so that

1. B本题可以把四个选项分别放到空处，其中只有选项B能使语意通顺，“除非”，“即使”，“以便”，都不合乎句意

2. I took my driving license with me on holiday, ______ I wanted to hire a car.

A. in case B. even if C. ever since D. if only

2. A“我带驾照”跟“租车之间”之间的逻辑关系，这样正确答案就很容易锁定了。

3．You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason______ you reach any decision.

A．although B．before C．because D．unless

3. B理清逻辑关系。reach any decision 和consult your feelings and your reason兼顾好情感与理智在前，做任何决定

4. In the global economy, a new drug for cancer, ______ it is discovered, will create many economic possibilities

around the world.

A. whatever B. whoever C. wherever D. whichever

4. C本题考查让步状语从句。在状语从句_____ it is discovered中，不缺少任何主要成分，所以引导词只能在从句中作状语，

在全球经济中，一种治疗癌症的新药，无论它是在哪儿被发现，都将在全球产生很多经济上的可能性。

5. One can always manage to do more things, no matter__A__ full one’s schedule is in life.

A. how B. what C. when D. where

5.A让步状语从句中，no matter how=however。根据how+adj./adv.的原则，本题中full是形容词，所以选择A。

6. I have heard a lot of good things about you ______ I came back from abroad.

A. since B. until C. before D. when

6. A have done+since现在完成时态的其中一个用法是表示一个动作“从过去的某个时候发生，一直延续到现在”，从本句中的主句是现在完成时，从句是一般过去时来看，整个句子表达的正是这样的一个动作，故连词用since；如果用until或者before，则主句表示的动作都是发生在从句之前，都应该用过去完成时，排除B，C；如果用when，则主句应该用一般过去时，排除D。自从我从国外回来，听说了好多关于你的好事情。

7. They promised to develop a software package by the end of this year, ______ they might have.

A. however difficult B. how difficult C. whatever difficulty D. what difficulty

C“他们承诺，无论可能有什么困难，到今年底都要开发出一个软件包”。由句意“无论”可知是让步状语从句，从而排除选项B，D。从句中的关键词是实义动词have

8. He is so busy. He cannot afford enough time with his son ______ he wants to.

A. even if B. as if C. because D. before

A。句子的前段说他不能腾出时间,即使想，也不能”，故正确答案是even if。

9.“You can’t judge a book by its cover,” ________ .

A. as the saying goes old B. goes as the old saying C. as the old saying goes D. goes as old the saying

C 本题考查as引导的状语从句。意思是“如……一样”。形式倒装As+n.+主谓正如老话所说的那样， “人不可貌相”。

10. ______ we have enough evidence, we can't win the case.

A. Once B. As long as C. Unless D. Since

C用unless，“如果我们没有……，我们就不能……”；

11.—Coach, can I continue with the training?

—Sorry, you can’t ______you haven’t recovered from the knee injury.

A. until B. before C.since D. unless

C“抱歉，你不能继续训练因为你膝盖受的伤还没有恢复。”由此可知，空白处后面为原因状语从句

12. A number of high buildings have arisen _______ there was nothing a year ago but ruins.

A. when B. where C. before D. until

【答案】B此处是where引导地点状语从句，表示“在……地方”。 句意：很多高楼在一年前还是废墟的地方矗立起来了。

13. He smiled politely ______ Mary apologized for her drunken friends.

A. as B. if C. unless D. though

A 此处是as引导这个时间状语从句当…的时候。句意：当玛丽为她喝醉了朋友道歉时，他礼貌地微笑着。

14. It is hard for the Greek government to get over the present difficulties_________ gets more financial support from the European Union.

A. if B. unless C. because D. since

B“除非有来自欧洲联盟的更多的经济支持，否则希腊政府很难克服目前的困难”

15．You can borrow my car you promise not to drive too fast.

A．If B．even if C．in case D．as lone as

D考点：句意为只要你保证不开得太快，你就可以把我的车借走。.even if即使，in case以防万一，D.as long as只要。

16. Leave your key with把...留给... your neighbor you lock yourself out one day.

A. as long as B. even though C. in case D. as if

C.A项意为“只要”；B项意为“尽管”；C项意为“以防”；D项意为“好像”

17. If you happen to碰巧 get lost in the wild荒野, you’d better stay ______ you are and wait for help.

A. why B. where C. who D. what

B ：你最好呆在你现在所在的地方。故选B。

18. Hot _______the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.

A. although B. as C. while D. however

B 考查状语从句。即as引导的让步状语从句中形式倒装，尽管

19.All the photographs in this book, _______ （they are)stated otherwise另外, date from the 1950s.

A. unless B. until C. once D. if

A 考查状语从句。题干意思是：除过被标明的以外，书中其余所有的图片都可以追溯到20世纪50年代。

20. —Look at those clouds!

—Don’t worry. ______ it rains, we’ll still have a great time.

A. Even if B.As though C. In case D. If only

A考查状语从句连接词。even if 即便，as though似乎，in case 以防，if only要是…多好

课后作业

1. I had hardly got to the office ______ my wife phoned me to go back home at once.

A. when B. than C. until D. After

A hardly. . .when . . .句意：我刚到办公室，我妻子就给我打电话让我立刻回家。

【考点定位】考查固定句型hardly. . .when . . . 的用法。

2. Everything was placed exactly _____C______he wanted.

A. while B. when C. where D. though

3. I don't believe we've met before, I must say you do look familiar.

A. Therefore因此 B. although C. since D. unless

B尽管我一定说你确实看起来熟悉，但我相信我们以前没见过面。根据句意只有although

.It was a nice meal, _______a little expensive.

A. though B. whether C. as D. since

A那顿饭真美味，尽管有点贵。Though”尽管”，引导让步状语从句，该句使用了省略形式，补全为“though it was a little expensive”注意as也可以表示“尽管”，但as作此意时必须使用倒装结构。

.__________ volleyball is her main focus, she’s also great at basketball.

A. Since B. Once C. Unless D. While

D句意为：虽然排球是她的主要项目，但她还擅长篮球。while“虽然，尽管”，

.If a lot of people say a film is not good, I won’t bother to see it, or I’ll wait __D__ it comes out on DVD.

A. whether B. after C. though D. until

.The police officers in our city work hard __C___ the rest of us can live a safe life.

A. in case B. as if C. in order that D. only if只有

8.Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or ___A___ it is convenient to you.

A. whenever B. however C. whichever D. Wherever

9.One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away ______my daughter heard cries for help.

A. after B. while C. since D. when

D语义表示我们正在收拾行李，这时我的女儿听到求救的呼喊。Be doing when表示“正在做某事，这时(突然)…”

10.It was April 29, 2001 _B___ Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.典礼，定语从句，缺介词用连接副词

A.that B.when C.since D.before

11.Frank insisted that he was not asleep __B___ I had great difficulty in waking him up.

A. whether B. although C. for D. so

12.As is reported, it is 100 years _____________Qinghua University was founded.

A. when B. before C. after D. since

D“It is + 时间段 +since + 从句（谓语为一般过去时）”为固定句型，句意为：“正如所报道的那样，自从清华大学建校以来已有100年时间了。”

No matter how ________ , it is not necessarily lifeless.

A. a desert may be dry B. dry a desert may be C. may a desert be dry D. dry may a desert be

B.句意为：无论沙漠多么的干燥，都不肯能没有生命。How+adj.+陈述语序。

14.He had no sooner finished his speech _____ the students started cheering.

A. since B. as C. when D. Than

D他刚一结束演讲，同学们就欢呼起来。固定句式no sooner…than….。

15.The new stadium 体育场being built for the next Asian Games 亚运会will be ___B___the present one.

A. as three times big as B. three times as big as

C. as big as three times D. as big three times as

16.__C__ regular exercise is very important, it’s never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.

A.It B. As C.Although D.Unless

尽管有规律的运动很重要，但是在睡前运动不是一个好主意。

17.____B______all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post.

A. Since B. While C. If D. As

18.He had his camera ready __C___ he saw something that would make a good picture.

A. even if B. if only 要是...就好了 C. in case D. so that

19.To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off ___C___ we are to shake hands with.

A.whichever B.whenever C.whoever D.wherever

shake hands with sb.表示“与某人握手”，本句中的with后缺少宾语，结合句意选C项，whoever在句中引导让步状语从句。

20.Jack wasn’t saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him _____A__he had done something very clever.

A .as if B. in case C. while D. though

"好像，仿佛"。故选A。句意：Jack什么也没说，但老师向他笑了笑，好像他做了件聪明的事情一样。

状语从句