春节

发布时间：2023-01-03 13:08:12

附件5-1春节一、资料介绍China'straditionalfestivalshaveevolvedthroughthecenturiesfrompastmajorevents.Forinstance,longagowhenpeoplehadabountifulharvest,theygatheredandcelebratedtheirgoodfortunewithgalaperformances.Whennaturaldisastersstruck,theyofferedsacrificestothegodsandtheirancestors,hopingforablessing.Thechangeoftheseasons,flowersinspring,andthebrightmooninautumncouldallarousetheirlongingforamorebeautifullife.Thus,creativeactivitieswereheldtosignifytheseevents,graduallytheseactivitiesdevelopedintofestivals.ThemostimportantfestivalinChinaistheSpringFestival.ItissaidthattheSpringFestivalevolvedfromanactivityknownastheWinterSacrifice.Itwasacustompracticedbythepeopleofprimitivesociety.Asthecoldwinterbegantorecedeandthewarmspringwasabouttobegin,thepeopleofanentireclangatheredtogether.Theybroughtouttheirbountyfromhunting,fishingandthefield.Theythankedthegodsfortheblessingsofnature,includingthemountains,rivers,thesun,moonandstars,theythankedtheirancestors,thentheysharedandenjoyedthesumptuousbountyoftheland,sea,airandfieldsastheyate,dancedandsangheartily.Inthebeginning,theiractivityhadnofixeddate.Butusuallyitwasheldattheendofeachwinter.Gradually,throughtheyears,itwascelebratedattheendoftheoldyearorthebeginningofthenew.Withthechangesanddisingtegrationofprimitivesociety,theformandcontentoftheWinterSacrificealsochanged.Ultimately,itbecameafestivaltobidfarewelltotheoldyearandwelcomeinthenewyear.SoitcametobecalledtheSpringFestival.AllthetraditionalfestivalsinChinaarebasedontheChineselunarcalendar.TheSpringFestivalmarksthebeginningoftheChineseLunarNewYear.InChinese,wealsosayGuoNian,meaningkeepingoffthemonsterofNian.TherearemanylegendsabouttheoriginofNian,Themostpopularoneisthis.ItissaidthatNianwasafiercemonsterbackinancienttimes.Itlookedlikeastrongbullwithaheadlikethatofalion.Usuallythemonsterstayeddeepinthemountainsandcaughtandateotherbeasts.Butduringthewinter,itcouldnotfindenoughfood.Soitcameoutofitsmountainlairandenteredvillagestoeatwhateveritcouldcatch.Villagersbecameveryfrightenedandmovedawaytoescapetheferociousmonster.Butlaterthepeoplefoundthateventhoughitwasfierce,Nianwasafraidofthreethings:theredcolor,abrightflame,andaloudnoise.Afterlearningthis,theyfiguredouthowtopreventNianfromenteringtheirvillages.
JustbeforeNiancameagain,everyhouseholdpaintedtheirdoorredandburnedafireinfrontoftheirdoor-ways.Besides,thepeopledidnotgotobed.Instead,theystayedupallnightbeatingonthingstomakealoudnoise.Eversince,Nianhasneveragaincometothevillages.Thus,atraditionwasestablishedandthecustomshavebeenkeptthroughtheyears.Later,thepeoplefoundthatbamboocouldmakeacracklingsoundwhenburned.Intime,thenoseofcracklingbamboowasreplacedwithbangoffirecrackers.ThisishowtheChinesepeoplebegantosetofffirecrackersfortheSpringFestival.SincetheSpingFestivalmarksthefirstdayofabrandnewyear,thefirstmealisratherimportant.Peoplefromnorthandsouthhavedifferentsayingsaboutthefoodtheyeatonthisspecialday.InNorthernChina,peopleusuallyeatJiaoziordumplingsshapedlikeacrescentmoon.ItissaidthatdumplingswerefirstknowninChinasome1,600yearsago.ItsChinesepronunciationJiaozimeansmidnightortheendandthebeginningoftime.Accordingtohistoricalrecords,peoplefrombothnorthandsouthatedumplingsonChineseNewYear'sDay.PerhapsbecauseSouthernChinaproducedmorericethananyotherarea,gradually,southernpeoplehadmanymoreotherchoicesonNewYear'sDay.InadditontoJiaozi,themostcommonfoodsforthefirstmealoftheSpringFestivalarenoodles,NewYearCakesandTangyuan,akindofroundsweetdumplings.Boththecakesanddumplingsaremadeofglutinorsriceflour.InChina,thenoodlesymbolizeslongevity.TheNewYearCakeiscalledNianGaoinChinese.Itconveysthehopeofimprovementinlifeyearafteryear,theroundsweetdumplingisasymbolofreunion.TopayaNewYearvisitisanimportanteventduringtheSpringFestival.Inoldentimes,high-rankingofficialswouldgotothecourttowishtheemperoraHappyNewYear.Theentireclanwouldholdaceremony.However,themostfrequentvisitswerethosebetweenrelativesandfriends.Thisactivitywouldcontinueforseveraldays.BeginningintheSongDynastyinthetenthcentury,peoplebegantosendcardstoexpressaNewYear'sgreeting.Atfirst,thesendingofNewYear'scardswaslimitedtothecircleofpeopleinhighpositions.Soitwasalsoawaytoshowoffone'ssocialstatus.However,atthebeginningoftheMingDynastyinthe14thcentury,ordinarypeoplealsobegantoexchangecards.ThepracticecontinuestodayduringtheSpringFestival.AsforrecreationalactivitiesduningtheSpingFestival,wecanusetwowordstosummarize:variousandcolorful.TheDragonDanceandLionDancearetraditionallyperformedduringthefestival.Thedancesdonothavetobeperfomedduringthefestival.Thedancesdonothavetobeperformedbyprofessionals.Sometimestheperfomersarefamers,streetvendorsorcraftsmen.WalkingonstiltsisanothertraditionalperfomanceeventpopularinChina,especiallyinthenorthernpartofthecountry.Accordingtothearchives,ourChineseancestorsbeganusingstiltstohelpthemgatherfruitsfromtrees.Thispracticaluseofstiltsgraduallydevelopedintoakindoffolkdance.Today'sskillful

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