Unit 1　Protecting Our Environment

一、单词——

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二、短语——

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三、句式——

第一板块核心单词归纳集释

1．associated adj.联合的；相关的；有联系的

[经典例句]　He no longer wished to be associated with the party's policy on education.

他不再愿意认同该党的教育方针。

(1)be associated with ...　和……有关

(2)associate vt. 联想；联系

associate ... with ... 把……和……联系在一起

associate with sb. 与某人交往或打交道

(3)association n. 联合；联想；交往；协会；团体

in association with ... 与……合伙/合作

①As far as the American children are concerned, the Christmas is associated with excitement, happiness and gifts.

对于美国的孩子来说，圣诞节与兴奋、幸福和礼物连在一起。

②We are working in association(associate) with a local company to raise money for the homeless.

我们正联合一家当地的公司，为无家可归的人筹款。

2．condemn vt.责备；谴责；判刑，宣判

[教材原句]　But in Hawaii, the foreign frog has been condemned as a harmful animal.

但在夏威夷，这种外国蛙被当作一种有害动物而被谴责。

be condemned to sth.　　　　　被处以某种刑罚；使某

人被迫接受困境

be condemned to do sth. 注定做某事

condemn/sentence sb. to death 判处某人死刑

condemn sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而谴责某人

①Lack of skills condemned him to_live (live) a poor life.

缺乏技能注定了他要过着艰难的生活。

②She knew that society would condemn_her_for abandoning her children.

她知道社会会因她遗弃自己的孩子而谴责她。

3．limit vt.限制；限定n.界限；限度

[教材原句]　Researchers say businesses and governments must create new technology that limits the production of greenhouse gases.

研究人员说，企业和政府必须创造新的技术来限制温室气体的产生。

(1)limit ... to ...　　　　　把……限定在……

be limited to ... 限定在……

(2)set a limit to 对……限制/控制

there is a/no limit to 对……是有限的/无限的

(3)limited adj. 有限的

①I've limited myself to 1,000 calories a day to try to lose weight.

我为了减肥，限定自己每天摄入1 000卡的热量。

②He was born in a poor family, and only received limited (limit) education in his childhood.

他出生在一个贫困家庭中，童年时期仅仅接受了有限的教育。

Ⅰ.基础点全练(单句语法填空)

1．Alarmed (alarm) by the noise, the birds flew away in all directions.

2．What impresses me most is that the little girl can speak English accurately and fluently (fluent)．

3．Seeing the poisonous (poison) gas escaping from the broken pipe, he sounded the alarm.

4．Many fans are always collecting a lot of information associated (associate) with their favourite stars.

5．With online shopping increasingly (increase) popular, the Internet is seen as an efficient way of reaching target customers.(2014·福建高考单选)

6．In the last few years, China has made great achievements in environmental (environment) protection.(2015·北京高考单选)

7．With so many people focusing their eyes on her, the girl felt very nervous.

8．As is known to us, China is a country belonging (belong) to the Third World.

Ⅱ.重难点多练

1．condemn万花筒

(1)介词填空

①The criminal was condemned to ten years in jail.

②Her uncle was also condemned for his bad behavior.

(2)句型转换

③We shouldn't blame technology for our shortcomings.

→We shouldn't condemn technology for our shortcomings.

④He was sentenced to death for murder and later hanged.

→He was_condemned_to death for murder and later hanged.

⑤Those who do not learn from history are bound to repeat it.

→Those who do not learn from history are_condemned_to repeat it.

2．limit点点练

(1)介词填空

①In my opinion, you had better set a limit to the expense of your trip.

②Keep within the limits of the school campus.

③Any driver found drinking beyond the limit will be charged.

(2)补全句子

④暴力犯罪并不局限于大城市。

Violent crime is_not_limited_to big cities.

⑤人的生命是有限的，但是学习知识是无限的。

There_is_a_limit_to people's life, but no limit to_learning_the_knowledge.

Ⅲ.阅读词汇专练

根据语境选出focus的词性和词义

(A)n.焦点　　(B)n.焦距　(C)n.(活动等的)中心

(D)vt.使对准 (E)vt.集中注意力

1．He always wants to be the focus of attention.__A__

2．He took out the camera and adjusted the focus.__B__

3．The main focus of this meeting is the management of fresh ground water resources.__C__

4．The noise made it hard for me to focus on my work.__E__

5．Let your eyes focus on objects that are further away from you.__D__

第二板块短语句型归纳集释

1．in danger of在……危险之中

[教材原句]　As many as one million species of land plants and animals are in danger ofbecoming extinct if global warming continues.

如果全球继续变暖， 多达一百万种的陆地植物和动物物种将处于灭绝的危险之中。

in danger　　　　　　　　在危险中

out of danger 脱离危险

a danger to ... ……的威胁/危害

①You are so kind­hearted that you always give me a hand when I am in_danger.

你心肠真好，总是在我危险时帮助我。

②The operation is a success and now the patient is out_of_danger.

手术成功了，病人现在已脱离危险。

2．get into介入；陷入；养成(坏习惯)；对……产生兴趣

[教材原句]　Global warming is caused when carbon dioxide (CO2)gets into the atmosphere.

全球变暖是由于二氧化碳进入大气层时造成的。

get into the habit of　　　　养成……习惯

get down to 开始做(某事)

get rid of 摆脱，除去

get along/on with 进展；相处

get through 做完；通过；渡过；穿越；接通(电话)

①The best way to deal with these drugs is not to get into the habit in the first place.

对付毒品的最好方法是首先别养成(吸毒的)习惯。

②Isn't it time you got down to marking (mark) the papers?

难道不是到你开始批改试卷的时候了吗？

3．Scientists say the same thing is happening to our planet, making_it_a_dangerously_warmer_place.

科学家指出，同样的事情正发生在我们的星球上，使它的变暖越来越危险。

句中making it a dangerously warmer place为现在分词短语作结果状语。现在分词作结果状语表示必然的或合乎逻辑的结果，常置于句尾， 其前可以加thus。

①A few men were quarrelling noisily at midnight, waking (wake) almost everyone in the building.

几个人在半夜吵架，几乎把大楼里所有的人都吵醒了。

②The bus was held by the snowstorm, thus causing (cause) the delay.

公共汽车被暴风雪所困，因而耽搁了。

[名师指津]　不定式有时也可以用作结果状语，但往往表示意料之外的结果，常用only或just修饰。

③He hurried to the bus stop, only to_be_told (tell) the bus had left.

他匆匆地去了车站，结果被告知车已经离开。

Ⅰ.基础点全练

1．单句语法填空

①This new film is believed to_be_adapted (adapt) from a novel by Jane Austen.

②George returned after the war, only to_be_told (tell) that his wife had left him.

③To his parents' worry, he always puts his life at risk by challenging.

④One of our workmates has been in danger. We are concerned about his health.

⑤At first, you may think of ways to cut down on your expenses or increase your earnings.

⑥Many species are in danger of dying out because of a lack of habitat.

⑦Their inventions have contributed to the development of electrical engineering.

⑧He got up late and hurried to his office, leaving (leave) the breakfast untouched.

2．运用所学短语完成片段

Using too much water or throwing rubbish everywhere can put our water supply ①in_danger (处于危险之中). You may wonder how paving a road can ②lead_to (导致) less usable fresh water. A major part of the water we use every day is groundwater. Groundwater does not come from ③millions_of (大量的) lakes or rivers. It comes from underground. More roads and parking lots can ④cut_down_on (减少……) the amount of groundwater. So we should take many measures to stop us from ⑤getting_into (养成， 染上) the bad habit of wasting water.

Ⅱ.重难点多练

get相关短语多棱镜

(1)介、副词填空

①You would not get into trouble if you had taken my advice then.

②Not all here likes to get along with him.

③He's trying to get out of tidying his room.

④I dialed the number for many times, but it couldn't get through.

(2)补全句子

⑤我整晚都在给查理打电话，但一定是网络出了问题，好像就是接不通。

I've been trying to phone Charles all evening, but there must be something wrong with the network; I can't_seem_to_get_through.(2014·湖北高考多选)

⑥他打开窗户把气味散出去。

He opened the windows to_get_rid_of_the_smell.

[课堂练牢基础]

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．It's important to have a sense of belonging (belong).

2．I wanted to know why he didn't respond to my suggestion.

3．I don't associate him with energetic sports.

4．This kind of discussion will lead to still greater differences between the two parties.

5．You are in danger of catching a cold if you don't take any medicine.

6．Those who cannot answer all three riddles, however, will be condemned to death.

7．It is wise of drivers to drive within the speed limit.

8．With all his attention focused (focus) on the amusing TV program, he didn't notice the stranger's coming in.

9．After his graduation, this project was exhibited in art galleries all over China, making (make) him famous nationwide.

10．It_is generally believed that IT has both advantages and disadvantages.

Ⅱ.单句改错

1．People were alarming at the frequent earthquakes.alarming→alarmed

2．I think you should focus your attention to your work.to→on

3．It rained heavily in the south, caused serious flooding in several provinces.caused→causing

4．Don't swim in the lake, or you will be at a risk.去掉a

5．No matter how busy he is, he makes a rule to read at least 20 minutes a day.make后加it

6．We were warned that we were in the danger on the way home.去掉第一个the

Ⅲ.用本单元所学知识完成写作训练

(一)依据提示补全短文

Healthy eating is always the centre of people's life. According_to (根据) Dr. Joseph Mercola, a health expert, the French see eating as an important part of their lifestyle. They enjoy food, and therefore spend a fairly long time at the table, while Americans limit_their_three_meals_to (把他们的三餐限制在) a certain period of time. ①People believe that Americans lose the ability to sense when they are actually full. So they keep a growing eating after the French would have stopped. ②In addition, Mercola points out that Americans usually drive to huge supermarkets to buy many canned and frozen foods or even some junk foods, which makes some people lead an unhealthy life. The number of people suffering from obesity has increased at aterrifying rate. Millions_of (大量的) people are in_danger_of (在……危险之中) being too fat. It sounds like incredible. The French, instead, tend to shop daily, walking to small shops and farmers' markets where they have a choice of fresh fruits, vegetables, and eggs as well as high­quality meats for each meal.

(二)按要求将词汇句式升级

1．用本单元高级词汇替换加黑部分

(1)centre→focus

(2)growing→increasing

(3)terrifying→alarming

2．按要求改写句式

(1)用“sb./sth. be believed to do ...”句型改写句①

Americans_are_believed_to_lose_the_ability_to_sense_when_they_are_actually_full._

(2)用现在分词作结果状语改写句②

In addition, he points out that Americans usually drive to huge supermarkets to buy many canned and frozen foods or even some junk foods, making_some_people_lead_an_unhealthy_life.

[课下练熟高考]

阅读理解提速练——练速度

(限时：20分钟)

A

(2017·重庆一中高考模拟)As the population of the planet increases, so does the number of homes, businesses, parking lots, schools, airports and roadways. All these structures use electricity and need to be lighted. Humans demand these lights. They want their homes more comfortable and they want their streets safe. The problem is that researchers are finding that all the light is having a negative effect on humans and wildlife as well.

Less than 10 years ago I drove to a thinly populated section of my town, lay down in the middle of the road and watched an attractive meteor shower (流星雨). The area was short of homes, street lights and traffic. If I did that today, I wouldn't be able to see the meteor shower as well, and I would surely be run over by a car.

Nowadays scientists are finding light pollution can be almost as bad as carbon dioxide pollution. If you've ever taken a flight at night, the view is beautiful, but you must remember that all the light you see is wasted electricity. The crew of the space shuttles see an even bigger picture of how extensive the wasted electricity is worldwide.

One of the saddest parts of light pollution is that most of it is unnecessary and most of the outdoor light that we use is wasted. One only needs to look at a row of street lights to see how much of the light shines upwards and lights the sky; a total waste of electricity.

Additionally, electricity needs to be generated, and the generation of electricity creates pollution by giving off greenhouse gases. This affects the air we breathe and our quality of life.

Scientists are also studying the effects of light pollution on wildlife. Thousands of birds die each year when they crash into highly lighted buildings, as they become puzzled by the light. It has been long known that tiny sea turtle hatchlings become lost and follow lights on the shore instead of heading towards the sea.

Fortunately, light pollution is one of the easiest sources of pollution that can be corrected without a negative effect. Following some guidelines and a little searching on Google can give you many ideas on how to reduce your contribution to light pollution.

1．It is implied in Paragraph 4 that the best way to deal with light pollution is ________.

A．reducing the output of the lights

B．avoiding the use of unnecessary light

C．educating people about light pollution

D．inventing environmentally­friendly lights

解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第四段第一句话可知光污染最大的问题是许多光都是不必要的并且许多户外的光都是一种浪费，因此解决光污染的最好方法是避免不必要的光的使用。

2．Which of the following is the effect of light pollution?

A．Many animals species have died out.

B．More traffic accidents happen every day.

C．The air we breathe may be polluted.

D．It is much easier for us to watch meteor showers.

解析：选C　细节理解题。文章第五、六段讲了光污染的影响。根据第五段可知发电所释放的温室气体影响了我们的空气及生活质量，故C项正确。

3．What can be inferred from the text?

A．We are almost at a loss how to deal with light pollution.

B．Global warming results in light pollution in some way.

C．Astronauts can't see clearly in space nowadays.

D．Some animals use natural light to direct their movements.

解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第六段的第二、三句可知D项正确。

4．What will probably be provided following the last paragraph?

A．Helpful tips for surfing the Internet.

B．Approaches to decreasing light pollution.

C．Benefits of searching on Google.

D．More bad effects of light pollution.

解析：选B　推理判断题。文章最后一段的最后一句“在谷歌上搜索一下你会得到一些怎样减少光污染的方法”可知，文章接下来要讨论减少光污染的方法，故B项正确。

B

Monty Hempel is a professor of environmental sciences at Redlands University in California.He studies ecological literacy — or ecoliteracy, for short.Ecoliteracy is the ability to think about and understand the natural processes that make life possible.

Monty Hempel says ecoliteracy gives people knowledge about environmental problems.But he says it does not always work to get them to change their behavior.

Mr.Hempel wrote part of the Worldwatch Institute's latest State of the World report.He says in his article, “Some people think that ecoliteracy is just a green form of science literacy.And what I have tried to ask is whether that's enough.In other words, what an ecologically­literate person needs to know might include things like the cycles and the flows, the energy systems, all of those kind of things that we would call the science of ecology.”

“That doesn't seem to lead to action to protect our environment — to protect our life­support system to the level that we need to.Just because we know a lot about the environment doesn't mean that we actually act to save it.After all, actions speak louder than knowledge.”

He adds that people may not be very worried about environmental problems if they seem far away.“Some people call it psychological distance.A lot of climate issues are worse in the Arctic and most of us don't spend time in the Arctic.And so, there's a certain distance.But there's also a distance that's happening in the world as it urbanizes — people spending more time in front of screens and less time out in nature.We become, if you will, disconnected from the natural systems that used to be the key to success for a human being.”

To help children discover the wonders of nature, he adds that children should learn about nature in school.But he also points out we have a high mountain for people to climb from knowledge to action.

语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了虽然人们都有保护环境的知识，但只有知识是不够的，更多的需要是行动。

5．From what Monty Hempel says in Paragraph 3, we learn that ________.

A．knowledge on environment protection is not enough

B．knowledge that children learn at school is useless

C．ecoliteracy can help people understand how nature works

D．people with enough knowledge will protect the environment well

解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第三段中Monty Hempel说的话，尤其是文中的“And what I have tried to ask is whether that's enough”，暗示仅仅有环保的知识是不够的，故最佳答案为A。

6．What is especially important for environment protection in Mr.Hempel's opinion?

A．Knowledge.　　　　　 B．Action.

C．Green living. D．Psychological distance.

解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的最后一句“After all, actions speak louder than knowledge”知Mr.Hempel的观点是行动更重要，故最佳答案为B。

7．Mr.Hempel thinks people show no concern about some environmental problems because ________.

A．they lack knowledge on environment protection

B．they have no awareness of environment protection

C．some environmental problems are not worse at all

D．some environmental problems happened far away

解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Some people call it psychological distance”(人们叫它心理距离)以及“And so, there's a certain distance”(这里是有一定距离的)，可知人们对一些环境问题不关心，是因为有些环境问题发生在遥远的地方，故最佳答案为D。

8．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A．Experts think it is the best way to learn nature in school.

B．Climbing a high mountain is a good way to exercise well.

C．Climbing people's attitude to environment protection is hard.

D．Knowledge can help children take action to protect the environment.

解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的最后一句“But he also points out we have a high mountain for people to climb from knowledge to action.”(但他也指出对许多人来说从知识到行动有一座高山要爬)可知，要改变人们对环境保护的态度是很难的。

C

(2017·海口高考模拟)What's life like on a deserted island? Senator Jeff Flake of Arizona decided to find out.

The adventurous senator took a vacation from Capitol Hill and went on a four­day Robinson Crusoe style holiday with his two teenage sons to a remote, deserted island in the North Pacific Ocean.

The senator and his sons, 15­year­old Tanner and 13­year­old Dallin, travelled 5,200 miles from Phoenix, Arizona to the island of Biggarenn. They didn't carry any food or water.

The island is part of the Marshall Islands. It offered no basic supplies, so the Flakes had to catch and cook their own food and purify their water. Their diet was made up of coconuts, crabs and fish. They caught the crab and fish themselves and cooked the food over an open fire started with a magnifying glass (放大镜)．

The Flakes brought along a lobster trap (龙虾夹) in the hope of having some delicious treats, but lost it within the first few hours after it was attacked by a shark. They also carried two pumps to remove salt from ocean water. It took them hours each night to pump for just a few gallons of fresh water.

One of the most memorable moments of the trip, the father said, was when he and his 15­year­old son were almost caught by sharks after spearing (用叉叉起) a fish in the ocean.　

Still, it was quite an enjoyable holiday for them. “For a dad it was a wonderful thing. No video games around, no television, no disturbance, no texting，” Flake recalled.

语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。在荒岛上生活到底是什么样的？Senator Jeff Flake带领自己的两个儿子亲身体验了一次荒岛冒险。

9．Why did the Flakes go to the island of Biggarenn?

A．To meet Robinson Crusoe.

B．To spear the shark for food.

C．To spend a special vacation.

D．To swim in the North Pacific Ocean.

解析：选C　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“The adventurous senator took a vacation from Capitol Hill and went on a four­day Robinson Crusoe style holiday with his two teenage sons”可知，他带领两个儿子去孤岛探险，是为了度过一个特殊的假期。故选C项。

10．What can we learn from the text?

A．The Flakes could easily find a fire on the island.

B．The Flakes caught lobsters for food on the island.

C．The Flakes found basic things that they needed on the island.

D．The Flakes took much trouble to get drinkable water on the island.

解析：选D　推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的“It took them hours each night to pump for just a few gallons of fresh water.”可推知，Flake一家人为了得到能喝的水需要费很大的劲儿，故选D项。

11．According to the text, the Flakes' holiday is ________.

A．adventurous but interesting

B．exciting but painful

C．meaningless but enjoyable

D．boring but memorable

解析：选A　推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段可知，他们差点儿被鲨鱼吃了，这说明非常惊险。根据最后一段中的“Still, it was quite an enjoyable holiday for them.”可知，他们的假期过得惊险而有趣，故选A项。

2018届高考英语一轮复习Unit1ProtectingOurEnvironment学案重庆大学版选修6