第32卷第31期中国电机工程学报V ol.32 No.31 Nov.5, 20122012年11月5日Proceedings of the CSEE ©2012 Chin.Soc.for Elec.Eng. 1文章编号：0258-8013 (2012) 31-0001-10 中图分类号：TM 74 文献标志码：A 学科分类号：470·40 换电模式下电动汽车电池充电负荷建模与有序充电研究罗卓伟，胡泽春，宋永华，徐智威，贾龙(电力系统及发电设备控制和仿真国家重点实验室(清华大学电机系)，北京市海淀区 100084) Study on Charging Load Modeling and Coordinated Charging of Electric Vehicles UnderBattery Swapping ModesLUO Zhuowei, HU Zechun, SONG Yonghua, XU Zhiwei, JIA Long(State Key Lab of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipments (Dept. of Electrical Engineering, TsinghuaUniversity), Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China)ABSTRACT: To build the charging load calculation and optimization model under the battery swapping modes of electric vehicles (EVs), the structure and operation of two kinds of battery swapping modes, i.e. charging-swapping modes and centralized charging unified distribution modes, were analyzed. Then taken the constrains of satisfying the battery swapping needs of customers, the first stage coordinated charging formulation considering both the battery swap modes to minimize charging cost based on the time of use (TOU) power price mechanism were proposed. The peak load obtained from the first stage were set as the upper bound of the基金项目：国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)重大项目(2011AA05A110)；国家自然科学基金项目(51107060)；质检公益科研专项项目(201010232)；国家电网公司科技项目。National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program)(2011AA05A110); Project Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (51107060); Quality Public Service Industry Research and Special Projects (201010232); State Grid Cooperation of China Technology Project. second stage optimization. In the second stage, the objective is to smooth the daily load curve fluctuation. Case studies calculate the charging loads of EVs in the year of 2020 in China, different kinds of battery swapping modes were matched for different kinds of EVs. The results were compared with those of the plug-in charging mode. The calculation results show that, the peak load under battery swapping modes increases less than the plug-in modes in the uncoordinated charging scenario. The peak load will not increase in the coordinated charging scenario under battery swapping modes. The proposed optimal model can effectively reduce charging cost and smooth the load curve.KEY WORDS: electric vehicles; battery swapping modes; battery distribution; inventory management; coordinated charging摘要：为了建立换电模式下电动汽车电池充电负荷及优化模型，对2种电动汽车换电模式即充换电模式和集中充电统一配送模式的结构、运营流程进行了分析。在满足用户换电需编 者 按发展电动汽车涉及环境保护、能源安全和产业发展等国家战略问题，受到了多国政府的高度重视和大力支持。大规模电动汽车接入电网，一方面将对电力系统的运行和规划产生不容忽视的影响，另一方面可以对充电负荷进行有序控制，甚至利用电池放电向电网运行提供支撑。因此，近几年，对电动汽车接入电网的研究成为一个热点。在国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)的资助下，国内的高校、科研院所和企业对电动汽车接入电网以及电动汽车与电网互动方面开展了大量的研究和实践。本刊特邀请几家参与单位总结近期的研究成果，以专栏刊出。本次共刊出论文9篇，内容涉及电动汽车对电网影响的分析、电动汽车充电行为仿真软件设计、充电设备设计、充电站规划、电池荷电状态估计、充换电负荷的计算与有序充换电策略，以及电动汽车向电网提供辅助服务的市场模式。希望此专栏对相关领域的研究起到启发和推动的作用。

换电模式下电动汽车电池充电负荷建模与 有序充电研究