[Then, 中turns to another ode: Ode to autumn, it is con高s初isted of three connected stanzas. T件he first stanza is about the fruitf课ul autumn, this is a static scene; the second stanza focuses on the harvest autumn, which is a dynamic scene, these two stanzas commit a picture of lively autumn]

4广播电视消息两篇

(时间：45分钟　满分：60分)

积累与运用

1．下列各组词语中没有错别字的一项是(　　)(3分) [John Keats is one of 初the greatest件 romantic poems and his高 poems have been praised by generations and generations. His aesthetic has also deeply influenced the development of romanticism. His odes were regarded as the represe课ntative of his aesthet中ic by many litterateurs.]

A．簇拥　啮齿　装修　熙熙嚷嚷 [the author of this paper intends to take Mr.Yang Xianyi a课nd Mrs Gladys Yangs' English translation the true story of Ah Q for example to roughly analyze how the Yangs deal with the cultural default in 中different default element件s. In a初ddition, this study will make a significant theoretical and practical contribution to the study of compensation高 which may be an effective solution to culture default]

B．契约　养育　枭雄　炊烟袅袅 [ Poets should enjoy the pure beauty of his sense, rath初er than being desperate to make clear of the essence of the world. Only with the Negative Capabili课ty, c中an 件a poet be more i高maginative and can feel the charm of nature more objectively.]

C．一瞥　凋蔽　哂笑　日晒雨淋

D．窒息　筛选　旗杆　抗振救灾

解析　A项，熙熙嚷嚷—熙熙攘攘；C项，凋蔽—凋敝；D项，抗振救灾—抗震救灾。 [Xia中 Tingde has done a systematic research job on translation compensation. In his A Study件 on Translation Compensation, he holds that to maintain and restore the message, meaning, pr初agmatic function, cultural elements and aesthetic form of the original text, the translator has to take proper m高ethods and strategies to co课mpensate for the loss]

答案　B

2．依次填入下列各句横线处的词语，最恰当的一组是(　　)(3分) [Keats produced the body of great poetry. During this period, he published many famous love poems like Endymion and The E件ve of St Agnes. In 1820, he su中ffered a 高pulmonary hemorrhage which he recogniz初ed as a symptom of advancing, almost certainly fatal tuberculosis. After he published his third book课 of poetry, ]

①有人认为他之所以对日__________，和他那个亲日媚日、飞扬跋扈的老婆的教唆与威逼不无关系。

②“五一”期间，市长________会见了新加坡贸易代表团和台湾投资考察团。

③女主人公憧憬的丈夫是：无论从事什么工作，一定是卓有成就的，一定会成为________的人。 [George St件einer describes translating process as four steps in After Babel: (1) trust初 (2) aggression (3) import (4) re高stitution/compensation. The first three steps wil课l cause disequilibrium throughout the system by taking away from the sources text and by adding to the target text. (2001) 中That why there's the forth step. ]

A．投降　　分别　　深孚众望 [The composition has been translated into more than twenty languages. Since it is located with a lot of cultural elem件ents, including religious 初beliefs, moral principl高es, c中ustoms, which课 presents barriers in understanding of the readers from different culture,]

B．投诚　　分别　　深负众望 [Then, turns to another ode: Ode to autumn, it is consisted of three co课nnected stanzas. The fi件rst stanza is about the fruitful autumn, this is a static scene; the second stanza focuses on the harvest autumn, which is a dy高namic scene, the中se two stanzas commit a picture of lively a初utumn]

C．投降　　分头　　深负众望 [Keats produced the body of great poetry. During this period, he published ma中ny famous love poems like Endymion and The Eve of St Agnes. In 1820, he suf件fered a pulmonary hemorrhage which he recognized as a symptom of advanc高ing, almost certainly fatal tuber初culosis. After he published his t课hird book of poetry, ]

D．投诚　　分头　　深孚众望

解析　本题考查词语(含成语)的运用能力。应注意三个方面：(1)形或音相近而义不同的，这类词语形或音接近，但词义却迥然有别，在使用中也很容易混淆，因此误用的比例相当大。如“深孚众望”与“深负众望”。(2)意义相近而又有细微差别的。如“投降”与“投诚”。(3)弄清使用范围和使用对象。如“分别”与“分头”。投降：停止对抗，向对方屈服，带贬义；投诚：(敌人、叛军等)归附，带褒义。①句宜用“投降”。“分头”与“分别”的区别：同一个主体对多个客体，只能用“分别”，不能用“分头”；不同主体各自与不同客体一一对应，只能用“分头”，不能用“分别”。②句符合“同一个主体对多个客体，只能用‘分别’”这个限制，因此，宜选用“分别”。“深孚众望”，意为“在群众中享有威望，很使群众信服”；“孚”是“使人信服”的意思。“深负众望”意为“不能使大家信服，未符合大家的期望”。“负”是“辜负”的意思。③句结合语境“一定是卓有成就的”，应选用“深孚众望”。

答案　A [With the growin初g connections of culture, the translation of literary c课omposition has become increasingly import高ant. It suggests that translators are fa中cing the challenge of intercultural translation, especially the culture default and compensation in the com件position. Such challenge is mainly caused by the difference of language]

3．下列各句子，没有语病的一句是(　　)(3分) [thesis mainly studies the cultural de中fault and compensation in the件 Yangs' translation of The True Story of AH Q. The composition is the typical work of Lu Hsun, which is based on the background of 课Chinese village durin初g the revolution of 1911 and tells th高e story of a tramp in Weizhuang]

A．在初中教学中，由于淡化语法知识，使不少学生对于基本的句子成分印象不深，导致在高考备考阶段对这一知识板块需要重新抓牢夯实。 [In 1980s, some Chinese scholars have discussed the translation default and compensation. For example, Ke Pin中g argues that the culture of source language and the culture of target language are responsibl初e件 to the loss of translation, because they are difficult to高 be t课ranslated only in the aspect of language.]

B．电影《阿凡达》讲述的似乎是玄之又玄的太空故事，然而地球人入侵潘多拉星球、杀戮纳威人的殖民劣行以及纳威人奋起抵抗外侮保卫故土不正是对正义、勇敢和善良的歌颂吗？ [Basing on Ke Ping, Xia Tingde redefined it as following: "Compensation is the reparation or making up for the potential or occurring loss in 课the process of translation in terms中 of text type and transl件ation purpose." (2006:68) This definition is more concrete than others. Bes高ides, drawing text type and translation purpose into considerat初ion, Xia has made a more comprehensive perspective into the research of compensation]

C．当前我国政府在农业信息的获取和服务方面，远落后于发达国家，企业和农户的生产经营仍然缺乏有效的信息引导，科技、生产、市场不能形成联动，农业信息化“最后一公里”问题突出。 [ Poets should enjoy the pure beauty of his sense, rather t中han being desperate to ma高ke clear of件 the essence of the world. Only with the Negative Capability, can a poet be more imaginati课ve and can feel the charm of n初ature more objectively.]

D．民间图书馆大多分布在一些乡村或农村务工人员较集中的城市社区，因为是由爱心人士自己开办，并免费为当地居民提供书籍阅读，所以其中多数缺少资金支持，或无钱更新书籍，或无法正常运营，面临生存困境。

解析　A项，主语残缺。B项，主谓搭配不当。“殖民劣行”怎么是“对正义、勇敢和善良的歌颂”呢，D项，强加因果，“面临困境”的原因是“缺少资金支持”，而非“由爱心人士自己开办”。 [John Keats, as a key figure in the English Romantic movement, born on 31 高October 1795, was the eldest 课brother of the four from a livery-stable keeper at a London inn. In 1803, he was sent to Clarke schoo件l nearby Enfield where he encountered Charles Cowden Clarke, thus he began to fal中l in love with初 literature. He was interested in poetry, ]

答案　C [irst of all, scholars paid a lot atten高tion on Keats's works. 中As we all know, Keats is most famous for his poems, especially his odes. Chinese scholars have contributed a lot to the study o件f 初Keats poems like Zhang Yan and Shang Biwu. For example: in the poetic appreciation during the communication between text and history-comment on Ode on a Grecian Urn by Zhang Yan. It studied t课he gains and losses in the study of Ode on a]

4．用简明的语言概括下表所包含的主要信息，填在横线上。表述中不得出现具体数字。(8分)

网络语言发展前景调查表

(摘自《中国语言生活状况报告2009》) [Keats' mother died,课 and he left sc初hool 中and became an apprentice to Thomas Hammond, the surgeon and apothecary at Edmonton. 15 years later, Keats entered the united hospital, working as件 a dresser there. He received his apothecary's certifica高te. ]

从上表可以看出，除极少数人认为网络语言最终会走向消亡外， _________

___________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

(不超过30个字)，甚至还有小部分人认为个性化的网络语言会逐渐取代传统的语言。 [The compliment from Hunt and the criticism from Lockhart were高 at a statement, and this kind of situation lasted for a long while after Keats's death. While during the twenty years after Keats's death, m件any critics only thought Keats as a poet whose poems has nothing to do with deep connotation. Until 1848, the life, letters and literary heritage of John Keats 初has been 课publis中hed by Milnes. ]

综上所述，被调查者对网络语言的态度____________________________ [According to Approaches to Translation written by Peter Newmark, the高re are two types of translation and he calls them communicative translation and semantic translation. Th课e basic difference between件 them is the stress on初 message and meaning. He argues that different translation methods should be us中ed to deal with text]

_________________________________________________________ [Wang Enmian defines tra课ns件lation as "a中 transfer process betw高een two languages. Through the transfer, the complete meaning and information of source language can be restored in the targ初et language." (1988:11) Hepoints out that the purpose of compensation is to achieve semantic equivalence which should be based on context.]

____________________________________________________________ [Wang Enmian defines translation as "a transfer process between two languages. Through the transfer, the complete meaning and件 information of source language can be restored in the初 target langu高age." (1988:11) Hepoints out课 that the purpose of compensation is to achieve semantic equivalence which should be ba中sed on context.]

__________________________________________________________________________________(不超过30个字)。

解析　本题考查图文转换能力，重点是归纳概括能力。解答这类问题的关键是概括归纳。解答时要准确分析图表中所列内容的相互联系，从中找出规律性的东西。本题表格下的概括归纳部分已给出了两种极端情况——“极少数人”和“小部分人”的观点，言外之意，就是让考生分析概括出“部分人”和“绝大部分人”的观点。由表格的数据可以发现，“部分人”认为部分网络语言会进入汉语词典，“绝大部分人”认为网络语言经过规范，会进入日常生活。无论是“进入汉语词典”还是“进入日常生活”都强调了网络语言的健康的前景。从“甚至”一词可以看出应先说“进入日常生活”这种情况，再说“进入汉语词典”这种情况。最后作出的结论，应是根据各类人的比例数据概括出人们对网络语言发展前景的态度。

答案　(1)大部分(或“半数以上的”)人认为，网络语言会经过规范，进入日常生活

(2)不少人认为部分网络语言会进入汉语词典 [ Poets should enjoy the pure beauty of his sense, rather than being desperate to make clear of the essence of the world初. Only with the Negative Capability, c件课an a poet be more imaginative and can feel th高e ch中arm of nature more objectively.]

(3)是比较宽容的(或“接受”“认可”)，同时期待对网络语言做进一步规范 [The compliment from Hunt and the criticism from Lockhart were at a statement, and t件his kind of situation lasted for a long while after Keats's death. Whil中e during the twenty years after Keats's death, many critics only thought Keats as a poet whose poems 高has nothing to do with de课ep connotation. Until 1848, the life, letters and literary初 heritage of John Keats has been published by Milnes. ]

阅读与鉴赏

一、课内精读

阅读《WTO第四次部长级会议审议通过中国加入WTO》，完成后面的题目。 [T高he Yang's初 are the most distinguished team of Chinese-English translations. Yang Xianyi is one of the most outstand中ing literar课y translators in Chinese translation history. Throughout his life, he has translated numerous Chinese class件ical]

5．作为一篇电视消息，本文与一般的平面媒体新闻有什么不同？(6分) [Wang Enmian defines translation as "a trans课fer process between two languag件es. Thro中ugh the transfer, the complete meaning a初nd information of source language can be restored in the target language." (1988:11) Hepoints out that 高the purpose of compensation is to achieve semantic equivalence which should be based on context.]

答：_______________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

答案　与一般的平面媒体相比，本文有以下几个特点：①文字分画面说明与解说词两部分；②画面说明部分又分压字幕与画面解说文字，有极强的概括性，多是点出时间、地点、人物活动过程等；③解说词部分主要帮助观众理解画面，比较简短，紧密配合画面，本身不连贯，口语化特点明显。 [Keats produced the body of great poetry. During this period, he published many famous love中 poems like Endymion and The Eve of St A初gnes. In 1820, he suffered a pulmonary hemorrhage which he recognized as高 a symptom of advancing, almost 课certainly fatal tuberculosis. After he publishe件d his third book of poetry, ]

6．结合文本，分析下面这句话的含意。(6分) [Once Keats started to creating, he drew a lot attention from literary critics. At the very beginning, Leigh Hunt noticed and committed on Keats. In 1816, he wrote an article to praise Keats and Shelley for the unique style of their poems. Hunt thought Keats 初and Shelley have expressed pure feelin高g in their poems and it represe课nted a中 new tendency of cre件ation.]

由于中国入世，世界为中国、为世界贸易组织、为全球贸易体制而喝彩。

答：___________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________ [Basing on Ke Ping, Xia Tingde redefined it as following: "Compen高sation is the reparation or making up for the potential or occurring loss in the process of translation in terms of text type and translation purpose." (2006:68) This definition is more 课concrete than others. Besi中des, drawing text type and translation purpose into considerati件on, Xia has made a more comprehensive perspective into the research初 of compensation]

_______________________________________________________________

答案　中国入世，给中国的发展提供了很好的机遇；同时，中国入世后，也将会对世界范围的贸易作出自己应有的贡献，所以值得全世界祝贺。

7．这则消息曾获得2001年度中国广播电视新闻奖。读完本文后你认为它获奖的原因是什么？(6分) [It is said that the couple abid件e by the principle of "faithfulness and fluency" in their translation practice. They中 integrat高e the literal translation and free translation and also take the integration of domestication 初and foreignization. Such marvelous translations must delight readers' eyes and feeling. Undoubtedly, their works which have won favorab课le remarks from the translation circle have drawn great attention from the public]

答：_________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________ [It is said that t中he couple abide by the principle of "faithfulness and fluency" in their translation practice. They integrate the literal translation and free translation and also take the in课tegration of domestic高ation and foreignization. Such marvelous translations must delight readers' eyes and feeling. Undo初ubtedly, their works which have won favorable 件remarks from the translation circle have drawn great attention from the public]

答案　(1)重大的新闻价值。中国加入WTO，可以说是我国改革开放、融入世界经济体系的一件大事，其意义重大，影响深远，使它成为万众瞩目的新闻事件。

(2)画面感强。记者选择那些能表现新闻要素的画面，给观众以视觉上的了解。

(3)解说词与画面对应性强，文字简洁概括。 [The Yang's are the most distinguished team of Chinese-English tr高an初slations. Yang Xianyi is one of the most outstanding literary 课translators in Chinese transla件tion history. Throughout his life, he has translated numerous Chin中ese classical]

二、课外拓展 [ctually, Cultural default was firstly proposed初 by Wang Dongfeng. He divides t中he default into three categories: situation default, contextual default and cultural default. He holds that cul课tural default is defined as absence of the same cultural background knowledge shared by 件the author and h高is/ her intended reader, on the coherent interpretation in translation reading. ]

阅读下面的一则新闻，完成8～11题。

现在村官好当了 [John Keats is one of the greatest romantic 高poems and his poems have bee初n praised by generations and g课enerations. His aesthetic has also deeply influenced the development of romanticism. His odes were regarded as the件 representative of his aesthetic by many litterate中urs.]

“以前，天底下最难干的事就是当‘村官’了，天天跟在乡亲们身后边要钱；现在，我们经常给老百姓送钱，‘村官’好当了。”山西省古县南塘乡吴家岭村党支部书记崔章红的一席话，勾起了记者的好奇心。 [Greek odes were originally poetic pieces p初erformed with musical accompaniment. As time passed on, they gradually became known as personal lyrical compositions whether sung or merely recited. The primary instruments used were the aulos a课nd the l中yre. There are three typical forms of odes: the Pindaric, Horatian, and irregular. Pindaric高 odes follow the fo件rm and style of Pindar. Horatian odes follow conventions of Horace;]

“2004年以前，我们一家4口，一年要交600多元钱。有农业税、村提留、乡统筹，还有教育附加费、民兵训练费、计划生育费，名目很多。我们村干部主要做的事就是催粮催款。有的农民病了、孩子上中学了，交不起钱，我们也得天天去催。也有的农民有钱，看到别人不交，自己也欠着。西家说东家有钱不交，东家说西家的还欠着呢，凭什么让我交？催粮催款，弄得鸡飞狗跳，四邻不和。”崔章红摊开双手说，“那时，村干部就是‘坏人’，知道乡亲们没钱，还要去要，没办法啊。”

“这两年，村里的情况好多啦。”老崔话题一转。 [At the very beginning, Keats expressed his aesthetic in his own term: Negative Capabili中ty, which means 高the artist's receptiveness to the world and its natural marvel, and to reje初ct those who tried to formulate the课ories or categorical knowledge. This capability asks poets to contact w件ith uncertain, mysterious and murky situation,]

“我们这里是山区，农民得实惠最多的就是退耕还林政策。坡度在45度以上的耕地现在都成林地了。政府一亩地给我们补170元，我家退了47亩地，仅这一项全家一年的收入就有7 990元。我们村57户，157人，退了690亩耕地，这一项全村的收入接近12万元，人均近750元。更好的政策是，这些林地还是我们自己的。我家47亩林地，30亩种了核桃，明年就可以挂果了；17亩种了刺槐，成材后可以作煤矿的坑木，3米长的坑木，每根可卖到30元。不过，刺槐成材要等10年，这些树就是我们存在银行的钱。”

“从去年开始，农业税免了。原来一亩地要收二三十元的税，像我家有20亩耕地，一年要缴五六百元。现在，农民缴了几千年的‘皇粮国税’再也不用缴了。另外，还有国家的粮食直补政策，我们现在种1亩小麦国家补助20元，种1亩玉米补助12元，种1亩小杂粮补助5元。去年我家拿到了300多元的粮食直补款。钱不多，但原来是向农民要，现在是给农民送，完全不一样了。” [Wang Enmian defines tran高slation as "a transfer process between t中wo languages. Through t件he transfer, the complete meaning 课and information of source language can be restored in the target language." (1988:11) Hepoints out th初at the purpose of compensation is to achieve semantic equivalence which should be based on context.]

太行山的10月，正是收获的季节。崔章红家的院子里堆着刚刚收获的玉米。阳光照在金黄的玉米上，闪闪发亮。崔章红拿着玉米棒子，兴致很高。 [Keats answered two qu课estions 件in this aesthetic: 中what is beauty and what is truth. He imagined that all the beauty he saw is truth. This idea has been explained specifically in his Ode on a Grecian Urn. Facing a Grecian urn, he has seen many wonderful things by the using of his imagination. He 高t初hought, i]

“这是我家种的优质玉米种子，太原一家种业公司委托种的。普通的玉米1公斤能卖1元，我们的种子玉米1公斤能卖2.8元。今年我家的玉米能卖1.3万元，比种普通玉米划算多了。”老崔说。

吴家岭是一个移民新村，村民们是2003年至2005年陆续从山底搬迁过来的。国家给每个移民补助2 500元，老崔一家4口，领了1万元。现在村里通了宽带，通了柏油路，都是政府投资的。

“我们村现在家家都用上沼气了。”老崔走进厨房，拧开沼气灶，黄黄的火苗跳跃起来。“做饭、洗澡现在都用沼气了。”老崔说。

老崔建沼气池花了2 000多元，政府补助了1 000元。现在，人畜粪便、秸秆都可以填进沼气池，沼气池废料还可还田、喂牛。因为是移民新村，政府还给了村里130只波尔山羊，现在村里家家户户都养着三五只优质的波尔山羊。 [It is said that the couple abide by the principle of "faithfulness and fluency" in the高ir translation practice. They integrate the literal translation and free课 translation and a件lso take the integration of domestication and foreignization. Such marvelous translations must delight readers' eyes and feeling. Undoubtedly, their works 中w初hich have won favorable remarks from the translation circle have drawn great attention from the public]

“今年，隔两个月就给农民送一次钱，四邻和睦了，村支书、村主任也好当了，我们也有心思筹划村里的大事了。”老崔说。 [As for th课e translation study, in the article T高hinking about Negative C件apabilit初y and its Chinese translation. Liu Xingming offered several kinds of solutions to translate this term, and induce the advantages and disadvantages of each one. Besides, Li Yongyi also wrote an article: The poet or the craftsman? Fore中ignize or submit? ----comment on the Keats's poems which were translated by Tu An]

老崔家院外是一排排大棚。“大棚里种的是双孢菇，是村集体的。现在料已配好，很快就可以上架了。这一项农民每人也能分个千儿八百的。” [Greek odes were originally poetic pieces performed with musical accompaniment. As time passed on, they gradually became known as personal ly课rical compositions whether sung or merely recited. The primary instruments used were the aulos and the lyre. There are three typical forms of odes: the Pindaric, Horati初an, 中and irregular. P高indaric odes follow the form件 and style of Pindar. Horatian odes follow conventions of Horace;]

“今冬明春，我们还要干两件大事。”崔章红说，“一是建一个水塔，地址已经选好了，以后农民不用再从沟底挑水、拉水了；二是要通高压线。现在电压低，白天村里有人做木工活儿，全村的灯都亮不了。到了晚上，木工活儿停了，我们才能看电视。” [It is said that the couple abide by the principle of "faithfulness and fluency" in their tra高nslation practice. 初They integrate the literal translation中 and free translation and also take the integration of domest课ication and foreignization. Such marvelous translations must delight readers' eyes and feeling. Undoubtedly, their works which have won favorable remarks from the translation circle have drawn great attenti件on from the public]

“一句话，原来‘村官’难当，到处告状上访，现在好做多了，我们也能踏踏实实筹划着给村民办点儿实事了。”崔章红说。

(选自《中国青年报》) [he 中language and the figure of speech show the imaginat高初ion of Keats, and the construction help件s these poems be more课 prefect. Take Ode on Indolence as an example, it is a narrative poetry, it described the confliction between calling from gods and the indolence of individual, and showed the inside world of Keats]

8．有人认为新闻材料中对“吴家岭是一个移民新村”的介绍显得多余，是否多余？为什么？(5分) [Once Keats started to creating, he drew a lot attention from literary critics. At the very be件ginning, Leigh Hunt noticed 初and committed on Keats. In 1816, he wrote an article to praise Keats and Shelley for the unique style of their poems. Hunt thought 高Keats and Shelley have课 expressed pure feeling in their poems and it represen中ted a new tendency of creation.]

答：_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

解析　一篇成功的新闻一般来讲不会有赘余的部分。本题考查对新闻内容的把握。

答案　不多余。该材料突出了政府对农民的关心，是紧扣主题的。 [B课asing on Ke Ping, Xia Ting中de redefi件ned it as following: "Compensation is the reparation or making up for the potential or occurring loss in the process of translation in terms of text type and translation purpose." (2006:68) This definition is more concrete than others.初 Besides, drawi高ng text type and translation purpose into consideration, Xia has made a more comprehensive perspective into the research of compensation]

9．本文列举了大量的数据，是否啰嗦？将相关部分换成一种概括性的说法是否好些？(6分) [The compli高ment from Hunt and the criticism from Lockhart were at a statement, and this kind of situation lasted for a long while after Keats's death. While during the t课wenty years after Keats's death, many critics only thought Keats as a poet whose poems has nothing to do wi初th deep connota中tion. Until 1848, the life件, letters and literary heritage of John Keats has been published by Milnes. ]

答：_____________________________________________________ [George Steiner describes translating process as four steps in After Babel: (1) trust (2) aggression (3) import (4) restitution初/compensation. The first three steps will cause disequilibrium throughout the sys高te课m by taking中 away from the sources text 件and by adding to the target text. (2001) That why there's the forth step. ]

_____________________________________________________________ [the author of this pap初er intends to take Mr.Yang Xianyi and Mrs Gladys Yangs' English translation the true story of Ah Q for example to rough高ly analyze how the Yangs deal with the cultural default in different default elements. In addi件tion, this study课 will make a significant theoretical and practical contribution to the study of compensation which may be an effective solution to culture defa中ult]

解析　新闻的大量数据是为了形成对比，更是为了增强新闻的真实性和表现力。 [George Steiner describes translating process as four steps in After Babel: (1) trust (2) aggression (3) import (高4) rest中ituti课on/compensation. The first three steps will cause disequilibri初um throughout the system by ta件king away from the sources text and by adding to the target text. (2001) That why there's the forth step. ]

答案　不啰嗦。不好，本文所用数据是颇有说服力的，“事实胜于雄辩”，一般说来概括性的语言是没有这样的功效的。

10．文中不时穿插对景物、环境甚至是人物的举动的描写，找出来，就其在文中的表达作用作些分析。(6分) [the author of this paper intends to take Mr.Yang Xianyi and M件rs Gladys Yangs' English translation the true story of Ah Q for example to roughly analyze how the Yangs deal with the cultu高ral default in different default elements. In addition, this study will make a significant theor初etical and practical contribution to the study of compensation which may be an eff中ective s课olution to culture default]

答：__________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________ [At the very beginning, Keats express中ed his aesthet高ic in his own term: Negative Capability, which means the artist's receptiven件ess to the world and its natural ma课rvel, and to reject those who tried to formulate theories or categorical knowledge. This capability asks poets to contact with 初uncertain, mysterious and murky situation,]

解析　新闻就是告诉读者，在哪里发生了什么事，千方百计地告诉你：这是真实的。

答案　文中对景物、环境甚至是人物的举动的描写，增强了作品的现场真实感，让作品显得真实，有浓郁的生活气息。实例分析略。 [John Keats, as a key figure in the English Romantic movement, born on 31 Octo中ber 1795, was the eldest brother of the four课 from a livery-stable keeper at a London inn. In 1803, he was sent to Clarke sch初ool nearby Enfield where he encoun高tered Charles Cowden Clarke, thus he began to fall i件n love with literature. He was interested in poetry, ]

11．本文的主要篇幅是描写崔章红的语言，请你就作者所描摹的人物语言谈一点看法。(8分) [John Keats, as a key figure in the English Romantic movement, born on 31 October 1795, was the eldest brother of the four from a livery-stable keeper at a London inn. In 1803, he w初a件s sent to Clarke school nearby En课field where he encountered Char中les Co高wden Clarke, thus he began to fall in love with literature. He was interested in poetry, ]

答： ___________________________________________________________ [According to Approaches to Translation written by Peter Newmark, there are two types of translation and 课he calls them communicativ件e translation and semantic translation. The basic differ中ence between them is高 the stress on message and meaning. He argues th初at different translation methods should be used to deal with text]

__________________________________________________________ [Keats produced the body of great poetry. During this period, he published many famous love poems like Endymion and The Eve of St Agnes. In 1820, he suff课ered a pulmonary hemorrhage which he recognized as a symptom of advanci中ng, almost certainly fatal tuber件culosis. After he published his th高ird book of po初etry, ]

解析　本题考查对新闻对话的把握。新闻的语言要求生动自然、不造作，且同时也经过了作者的加工。

答案　作者描摹语言的功夫十分高明，真正使人物的语言做到了朴实自然，口吻逼真，没有做作的痕迹，且同时又有艺术气质，“土”而不俗。

[Keats produced the body of great poetry. During this period, he published中 many famous love poems like Endymion and The Eve o件f St Agnes. In 1820, he suffered a pulm高onary hemorrhage which he recognized a初s a symptom of advancing, almost certainly fatal tuberculosis. After he published his third book of 课poetry, ]

第四章 特写：镜头式的新闻片段

9毛泽东先生到重庆

[ctuall中y, Cult件ural default was firstly proposed by Wang Dongfeng. He divides the default into three categories: situation default, contextual default and cultural default. He holds that cultural default is defined as absence of the sam高e cultural background knowledge shared by the author and his/ her intended reader, on 初the coherent interpretation in tra课nslation reading. ]

(时间：45分钟　满分：60分) [In 1980s,初 some Chinese scholars have discussed the translation default and compensation. For example, Ke Ping argues that the culture of source language and t高he culture of target language are responsible to the loss of translation, because they are difficult to be translated only 中in课 the aspect 件of language.]

积累与运用

1．下列各选项中加点字注音没有错误的是(　　)(3分) [Xia Tingde has done a systematic research job on translation compensation. In his A Stu件dy on Translation Compensation, he ho课lds that to maintain and restore the message, meaning, pragmatic function, cultural elements and aesthetic 高form of the original text, the transla初tor has to take proper methods and strategie中s to compensate for the loss]

A．维系(xì)　　 官邸(dí)　　 川渝(yú) [Basing on Ke Ping, Xia Tingde re课defined it as following: 中"Compensation is the reparation or making up for the potential or occurring loss in the process of translation in terms of text type and translation purpose." (2006:68) This definition is more concrete than others. Besides, drawing text type and translation purpose into con高sideration, Xia has made a more comprehensive perspective into the 初re件search of compensation]

B．引擎(qínɡ) 捕捉(pǔ) 小憩(qì)

C．肖像(xiào) 簇新(cù) 似的(shì) [The Yang's are the most distinguished team of Chinese-English translations. Y高ang中 Xianyi is one of the most outstanding litera课ry translators in Chi初nese translation history. Throughout his life, he has translated 件numerous Chinese classical]

D．蓄发(xù) 摄影(shè) 暂住(zhǎn)

解析　A项中“邸”应读dǐ；B项中“捕”应读bǔ；D项中“暂”应读zàn。 [ctually, Cultural default was f课irstly proposed by Wang Dongfeng. He divides the default into three cate高gories: 初situation default, contextual default and cultural default. He holds that cultural default is defined as absence of the same cultural background knowledge shared by the author and 中his/ her intended件 reader, on the coherent interpretation in translation reading. ]

答案　C [However, there were several criticisms towards Keats at tha件t time.中 For example, J.C. Lockhart publishe初d an article on the Blackwood's Edinburgh magazine, in this article, he criticized Keats's po高ems were not elegant and lack of art sentim课ent, and thought Keats was short of good education.]

2．下列各项书写全部正确的是(　　)(3分)

A．详和　簇新　好像　稍事休息

B．盟约　喜讯　篷车　洽谈

C．晚宴　制服　焦黄　恣态 [ With the growing connections of cu初l中ture, the translation of liter高ary composition has become increasingly important. Cultural default refers to the phenomenon that people who share same cultural件 background omit课 the cultural knowledge ]

D．川渝　衬衫　频烦　新交故旧 [Many scholars have defined compensation in 初their researches. Peter中. Newmark (2001:90) defined it as "compensation is said to occur when loss of meaning高, sound effect, metaphor or pragmatic effect in one part of a sent件ence is com课pensated in another part, or in a contiguous sentence]

解析　A项“详和”应为“祥和”；C项“恣态”应为“姿态”；D项“频烦”应为“频繁”。 [Keats answered two questions in this aesthetic: what is beauty and what is truth. He imagined that all the beauty he saw is truth. This idea has高 been课 explained specifically in his Ode on a Grecian Urn. Facin件g a Grecian urn, he has see中n初 many wonderful things by the using of his imagination. He thought, i]

答案　B

3．下列句子中，加点的成语使用正确的一项是(　　)(3分)

A．本公司新开发的滨湖别墅区，采用欧洲建筑师的设计方案，打造出一种异域海滨风格，楼盘整体看上去如海市蜃楼般迷幻、美丽。 [The composition has been translated into more than twenty languages. 初Since it is located with a lot of cultural elements, includin中g religious beliefs, moral principles, cust件oms, which presents barriers in understanding of课 the readers fro高m different culture,]

B．大学生创业，普遍存在着有激情、无资金的问题，仅注册资金、经营场所这两道门槛，就会令无数有志于创业的大学生望而却步。

C．新农村医疗保障体系正在逐步建立，但现有的保险金额，对于突然遭遇重大疾病的家庭来说仍然不足挂齿，所以改革速度应当加快。 [Wang Enmian defines translation as "a transfer process between two languages. Thro课ugh the transfer, 高the complete meaning and information of中 source language can be restored in the target language." (1988:11) Hepoints out that the purpose of co初mpensation is to achieve semantic equivalence wh件ich should be based on context.]

D．时尚界的所谓“新款”常高价推出，然而随着季节的变化和时间的推移，绝大部分的商品会变得一文不名，以致打折清仓处理掉。

解析　A项，海市蜃楼：原指海边或沙漠中，由于光线的反射和折射，空中或地面出现虚幻的楼台城郭。现多比喻虚无缥渺的事物。此句表意重复。B项，望而却步：形容事物可怕或讨厌，使人一看就往后退缩。C项，不足挂齿：表示不值一提。此处应为“杯水车薪”。D项，一文不名：名，占有。一个钱都没有。此处应为“一钱不值”。 [Joh高n K件eats is one of the greatest romantic poems and his poems have been pr课aised by generations and generation中s. His aesthetic has also deeply influenced the development of romanticism.初 His odes were regarded as the representative of his aesthetic by many litterateurs.]

答案　B [Keats answered two questions in this aesthetic: what is beauty an初d what is truth. He imagi高ned that all the beauty he saw is truth. This idea has been explained specifically in his O课de on a Grecian Urn. Facing a Grecian urn, he has seen many wonderful th件ings by the 中using of his imagination. He thought, i]

4．概括下面这则材料的主要内容，不超过25个字。(6分)

中国藏学研究中心3月30日发布《西藏经济社会发展报告》

报告说，近年来，促进西藏地方经济快速增长的一个重要动力来源于投资这驾马车，尤其是近5年，全社会固定资产的投入占GDP的75%以上。其中，中央政府对西藏地方政府的财政转移支付和重点建设项目的投入占了非常大的份额。 [ctually, Cultural default was firstly proposed by Wang Dongfeng. He divides the default into three categories: situation default, contextual defaul课t and cultural 件default. He holds th高at cultural default is defined as absence of the same cultural background knowledge shared by the author and hi中s初/ her intended reader, on the coherent interpretation in translation reading. ]

报告指出，中国藏学研究中心对西藏农村进行长期调查的一个成果显示，在现阶段，一半以上农户三份收入中，来自政府的转移性收入就占一份，而收入处于底层的10%的农户近一半的收入也来自政府的转移性收入。

答：________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________ [With the growing connections of culture, the translation of literary composition 初has become increasingly important. It suggests that translators are facing the challenge of 高intercultural translation, especially the culture defaul件t and compensation in the composition. Such challenge is mai课nly caused by the dif中ference of language]

解析　本题考查压缩语段的能力。概括的时候要注意，不能选第1段的最后一句作为答案，因为题干要求概括的是材料的主要内容。概括时要找出叙述主体“西藏地方经济快速增长”，然后找出其原因，即“离不开中央政府的财政支持”，然后用主谓句加以叙述即可。当然，也可用“中央财政支持”作主语来组织语言进行概括。 [The 中compliment from Hunt and the criticism from Lockhart were at a statement, and this kind of situation lasted for a long while after Keats's death. While during the twenty years a高fter Keats's death, many critics only thought Keats as a poet whose poems has nothing to 初do with课 deep connotation. Until 1848, the件 life, letters and literary heritage of John Keats has been published by Milnes. ]

答案　中央政府的财政支持促进了西藏地方经济的快速增长(或西藏地方经济的快速增长离不开中央政府的财政支持)。

阅读与鉴赏 [Keats answered two questions in this aesthetic: what is beauty and what is truth. He imagined that all the beauty he saw 初is truth. T件his idea has been exp中lained specifically in his Ode on课 a Grecian Urn. Facing a Grecian urn, he has seen many wonderful things by the using of his im高agination. He thought, i]

一、课内精读

阅读下列摘取的文段，回答5～8题。 [At the ve件ry beginning, Keats wrote directly that: "One morning before me were thre中e 高figures seen课", because he was doz初y and at the situation of indolence, he couldn't see clearly of them. Until the third time, they came to show themselves in front of Keats, Keats recognized that they are his acquaintances---love,]

①这也许可以作为祥和之气的开始吧。

②毛泽东先生，52岁了，灰色通草帽，灰蓝色的中山装，蓄发，似乎与惯常见过的肖像相似，身材中上，衣服宽大得很。这个在9年前经过四川边境的人，今天踏到了抗战首都的土地上。

③这里有邵力子、雷震两位先生，这里有周至柔将军，这里有张澜先生，这里有沈钧儒先生，这里有郭沫若先生……多少新交故旧，他们都以极大的安定来迎接这个非凡的情景。

④记者像追着看新嫁娘似的追进了张公馆，郭沫若夫妇也到了。毛先生敞了外衣，又露出里面的簇新白绸衬衫。他打碎了一只盖碗茶杯，广漆地板的客厅里的一切，显然对他很生疏。他完全像一位来自乡野的书生。

⑤他拍着中文书面谈话说：“这一切包括在民主政治里了。还要看蒋先生的意思怎么样。”

5．分析语段①在全文中的作用。(4分) [As for the translation stu件dy, in the article Thinking about Negative Capabil中ity and its Chinese translation. Liu Xingming offered several kinds of solutions to translate this term, and induce the advantages a高nd disadvantages of each one. Besides, Li 初Yongyi also wrote 课an article: The poet or the craftsman? Foreignize or submit? ----comment on the Keats's poems which were translated by Tu An]

答：________________________________________________________ [John Keats, as a key f高igure in the English Romantic 中movement, born on 31 Octob课er 1795, was the eldest brother of the four件 from a livery-stable keeper at a London inn. In 1803, he was sent to Clarke school nearby Enfield where he encountered Charles Cowden Clarke, thus he began to fall in love with literature. He was intereste初d in poetry, ]

________________________________________________________________ [With the growing connections of culture, t件he translation of literary composition has become increasingly中 important. It suggests that translators are facing the ch高allenge of intercult初ural translation, especially the culture default 课and compensation in the composition. Such challenge is mainly caused by the difference of language]

解析　根据语段①前后的内容，以及语段①中的“这”的指代意义来回答此题。 [ 课With the growing connections of culture, the tra初nslat高ion of literary composition has become increasingly件 important. Cultural default refers to the phenomenon that people who sha中re same cultural background omit the cultural knowledge ]

答案　过渡，承接上文的顺利抵达，也为下文“重庆和谈”的顺利开展作了铺垫。 [ctually, Cultural default w高as firstly proposed by Wang Dongfeng. He divides the default i中nto three categories: situation default, contex件tual default and cultural default. He holds th课at cultural default is defined as absence of the same cultural background knowledge shared by the author and his/ her in初tended reader, on the coherent interpretation in translation reading. ]

6．语段③中，详细列举迎接的人员，有什么作用？(4分) [Greek odes were origi初nally poetic pieces performed with musical accompaniment. As time pas高sed on, they gradually became known as personal lyrical compositions whether sung or merely recited. The primary instruments used were the aulos and the lyre. There are three typical forms of odes: the Pindaric, Horatian, and irregular中. Pindaric odes follow the form a课nd style of Pindar. Horatian odes follow conventions o件f Horace;]

答：__________________________________________________________ [The composition has been translated into more课 than twenty languages. Since it is located with a lot of cultural elements, i初n高cluding religious beliefs, moral principles, cus件toms,中 which presents barriers in understanding of the readers from different culture,]

__________________________________________________________________ [According to Approaches to Translation written by Peter Newmark, ther中e are two types of translation and he c初alls them communicative tr课anslation and semantic translation. The basic difference between them is the高 stress on message and meaning. He argues that d件ifferent translation methods should be used to deal with text]

答案　表明了全社会的人都在期盼国共和谈的成功，期盼着救人民于水火之中。

7．语段②、④表明了毛泽东的什么性格特点？(6分) [J初ohn Keats, as a key fig件ure in the English Romantic movement, born on 31 October 1795, was the eldest brother 高o课f the four from a livery-stable keeper at a中 London inn. In 1803, he was sent to Clarke school nearby Enfield where he encountered Charles Cowden Clarke, thus he began to fall in love with literature. He was interested in poetry, ]

答：______________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

答案　通过肖像及动作的描写，表明了毛泽东这位伟大的革命者是来自民间的书生，伟大而质朴、亲切而平易的性格特征。

8．请分析毛泽东的“这一切包括在民主政治里了。还要看蒋先生的意思怎么样”这句话在文中的作用。(8分) [irst of all, scholars paid a lot attention on Keats's works. As we all know, Keats is 课most famous for his poems, especially his odes. Chinese scholars 高have 中contributed a lot to the study of Keats poems like Zha件ng Yan and Shang Biwu. For example: in the poetic appreciation during the communication between text and history-comment on Ode on a Grecian Urn by Zhang Yan. It studied the gains and losses初 in the study of Ode on a]

答：____________________________________________________________ [The composition has been高 translated into more than twenty languages. Since it is located with a lot of cultural elements中, including religious beliefs, mo件ral principles,初 customs, which presents barriers in understanding of the readers from 课different culture,]

_______________________________________________________________

解析　这句话一方面表明了毛泽东和谈的诚意，另一方面也显示了作为革命家的策略和大气。 [John Keats is one of the greatest romantic poems and his poems have been praised初 by generations and generations. His aesthetic has also deeply influenced t中he development of romanticism. His odes were 件regarded as the representative of his aesthetic by课 many litterateur高s.]

答案　表现了毛泽东诚恳、质朴的性格特点，显示了毛泽东光明磊落、胸有成竹、信心十足、成功在握的气魄。这些语言代表共产党和平谈判的态度 。同时，他的话暗示谈判成功与否要看蒋介石的态度。 [ Poets should 件enjoy the pure beauty of his sense, rather than being 课desp中erate to make clear o高f the essence of the world. Only with the Negative 初Capability, can a poet be more imaginative and can feel the charm of nature more objectively.]

二、课外拓展

阅读下文，完成9～12题。 [However, t课here were several criticisms towards Keats at that time. For example, J.C. Lockhart published an article on the Blackwood's Edinburgh mag初azine, in 高this article, he criticized Keats's poems were not elegant and lack of art sentiment, and thought 中Keats was short of good educat件ion.]

“她只能活七小时”① [Xia Tingde has中高 done a systematic research job o课n translation compensation. In his A Study on Transla初tion Compensation, he holds that to maintain and件 restore the message, meaning, pragmatic function, cultural elements and aesthetic form of the original text, the translator has to take proper methods and strategies to compensate for the loss]

[美]保罗·舍恩斯坦 [At the very beginning, Keats expressed his a高esthetic in his own term: Negative Capability, which mean中s the artist's receptiveness to th初e world and its natural marvel, and t件o reject those who tried to formulate theories or categorical knowledge. This capability asks poets to contact with uncertain, mysterious a课nd murky situation,]

本市新闻编辑台上电话机的指示灯闪烁着微弱的白光，时间是下午3点40分。 [According to Approaches to Translation written by Peter Newmark, there are two 高types of translation and he calls them communicative translation and semantic translation. The basic difference between them is the stress on messa课ge and件 meaning. He argues that different translation methods should be used中 to deal with 初text]

本市新闻主编接了电话，他听到这些内容：“我的小女儿在路德医院。医生说她只能活7小时，除非得到新药青霉素。这是她唯一的希望。医生已经使用了磺胺以及其他每一种药。我必须找到某个有足够能力的人帮她。你能帮我吗？” [Then, turns to another ode:初 Ode to autumn, it is consisted of three connected stanzas. The first stanza is abo中ut the fruitful autumn, this is a s课tatic scene; the second stanza focuses on the harvest autumn, which is a dynamic scene, the高se two stanzas commit a picture of lively a件utumn]

打电话的人通报了他的身份，他叫劳伦斯·马隆，职员，家住杰克逊海茨，第34大道第83号。濒于死亡的小孩是他的女儿，叫帕特丽夏，两岁，现就诊于路德医院，在曼哈顿第144街和康文特大道交汇处。 [John Keats is one of the greatest romantic中 poems and his poems have been prai件sed by generations 高and generations. His aesthetic has also deep初ly influenced the development of romanticism. His odes were regarded课 as the representative of his aesthetic by many litterateurs.]

找到青霉素并非易事。因为这个被医学界誉为“创造奇迹”的奇药是如此的稀少，以致几乎不能得到它。即使是军方，也只能得到他们所需的一小部分。 [The complim高e初nt from Hunt and the criticism from Lo件ckhart were at a statement, and this 课kind of 中situation lasted for a long while after Keats's death. While during the twenty years after Keats's death, many critics only thought Keats as a poet whose poems has nothing to do with deep connotation. Until 1848, the life, letters and literary heritage of John Keats has been published by Milnes. ]

然而，这位父亲恳求帮助两分钟之后，本市新闻编辑台决定开始投入这项援助工作。这是一场残酷的斗争。“只能活7小时，除非……。” [As for the translation study, in the article Thinking about Negative Capability and its Chinese translation. Liu Xingm中ing offered several kinds of sol件utions to translate this term, and induce the advantages and disadvan高tages of each one. Besid课es, Li Yongyi also wrote an article: The poet or the crafts初man? Foreignize or submit? ----comment on the Keats's poems which were translated by Tu An]

电话打到路德医院，证实了那个小孩几乎不能活了，她患的是一种罕见的血液病，即葡萄球菌引起的败血症，一种血液中毒。磺胺制剂已用过了，输了两次血，都无济于事。有人提出青霉素是唯一的希望。 [ Poets 初should enjoy the pure beauty of his sense, rather than being desperate to make clear of the essence of the world.高 Only wi中th the Negative Capability, can a poet be more imaginative and can feel the char件m of nature more objectiv课ely.]

通过电话向华盛顿的美国公共卫生局局长托马斯·帕伦请示，并详细调查了纽约的药品公司后得知，施贵宝公司生产青霉素。

打给帕伦博士的电话被A.N.理查兹博士听到了，他在华盛顿负责科学发展局的研究工作。“新泽西州新布伦瑞克的施贵宝实验室能提供青霉素。”理查兹博士说，“我将打电报，让他们立即定量发放。” [In this paper, we enjoy the beauty mostly from two aspects, firstly, from t课he件 aspect o高f form, secondly, fr初om the aspect of content. From these two different angles, this paper is divided into several parts as ode, 中sonnet, narrative poems, rhetoric, myth, nature, love and tragedy]

与此同时，人们获悉斯特·基弗博士这位波士顿外科医生和战时生产委员会有权命令发放民用珍贵药物。他是由路德医院的外科医师丹特·柯利蒂大夫通过电话取得联系的。

“你将得到青霉素。”基弗大夫向柯利蒂大夫许诺。那是下午4点钟。医生们对在红头文件的作用下找到青霉素的来源并被予以发放的速度感到惊异。

现在，计划正在实施之中，由两个州的警察护送青霉素这个仁慈的东西从新布伦瑞克运到这个奄奄一息的女孩的床头。下午6点30分，柯利蒂大夫在霍兰隧道的入口处碰到了一群焦急的记者。当那辆仁慈之车停在施贵宝实验室前面时，时间是下午7点30分。 [John Keats is one of the 初greatest ro件mantic poems and his poe高ms have been praised by generations and generations. His aesthetic has also deeply influenced the development of romanticism. His odes were regarded as the representa课tive of his aesthetic b中y many litterateurs.]

3个卫兵等在那里。其中一个走向汽车：“是柯利蒂大夫吗？给你青霉素。” [Basing on Ke Ping, Xia Tingd件e redefined it as following: "Compensation is the reparation or making up for the potential or occurring loss in the p课rocess of translation in terms of text type and translation purpose." (2006:68) This definition is more concrete than others. Besides, drawing text typ高e and translation purpose i初nto con中sideration, Xia has made a more comprehensive perspective into the research of compensation]

柯利蒂大夫接过那硬纸匣，由冰裹着的青霉素放在里面。“现在，”他说，“我们有了一个战斗的机会。”

最后一段路程是从霍兰隧道到路德医院，只用了8分钟，这是创纪录的速度，行驶在西区高速公路时，车速器始终指向65英里/小时，汽车就要停在医院门口之前，柯利蒂大夫说：“今天，你们做了一件世界上所有的医生都做不了的事。” [However, there were several criticisms towards Keats at tha件t time. For example, J.C. Lockhart published an arti中cle on the Blackwood's Edinburgh magazine, in this article, he criticized K高eats's poems were课 not elegant and lack of art sentiment, and 初thought Keats was short of good education.]

“也许是，”一个记者说，“但是从现在起，大夫，靠你了。” [Once Keats started to creating, he drew a lo课t attention f高rom literary critics. At t中he very beginning, Leigh Hunt noticed and committed on Keats. In 1816, he wrote an article to praise Keats and Shelley for the unique 初style of their p件oems. Hunt thought Keats and Shelley have expressed pure feeling in their poems and it represented a new tendency of creation.]

此后，记者们踮着脚尖走进四楼那个失去知觉的孩子的房间。她费力地呼吸着，但在蓬勃的丝一般的棕发下面的小脸上，并没有痛苦的表情。“她是个可爱的病孩子。”一个护士低声说。 [ctually, Cultural default was firstly proposed by Wang Dongfeng. He di初v课ides the default into three categori中es: situat高ion default, contextual default and cultural d件efault. He holds that cultural default is defined as absence of the same cultural background knowledge shared by the author and his/ her intended reader, on the coherent interpretation in translation reading. ]

帕特里夏·马隆的父母哭了。

“谢天谢地。”凯瑟琳·马隆低语着，“至少，我的小丫头又有了一次机会。” [Greek odes were originally poetic pieces performed with 中musical accompaniment. As time passed on, they gradually became known 课as personal lyrica初l compositions whether sung or merely件 r高ecited. The primary instruments used were the aulos and the lyre. There are three typical forms of odes: the Pindaric, Horatian, and irregular. Pindaric odes follow the form and style of Pindar. Horatian odes follow conventions of Horace;]

(选自《普利策新闻奖名篇快读》，有删改) [In 1980s, so高me Chinese scholars初 have 中discussed the translation default and compensation. For example, Ke Ping argues that the culture of s件ource language and the culture of target language are responsible to 课the loss of translation, because they are difficult to be translated only in the aspect of language.]

【注】　①这篇报道发表于第二次世界大战期间的1943年8月，获1944年普利策新闻奖。

9．这篇报道以顺叙的方式写作，并特别突出了时间，有什么好处？(6分) [At the very beginning, Keats wrote directly that: "One mor高ning before me were three figures seen", becaus课e he was dozy and at the situation of indolence, he couldn't see clearly of them. U初ntil the third time, they件 came to show thems中elves in front of Keats, Keats recognized that they are his acquaintances---love,]

答：______________________________________________________________ [ Poets should enjoy 件the pure beauty of his sense, rather than being desperate to make clear of课 the essence of the world. 高Only with the Negative Capabil初ity, can a poet be more imaginative and can feel the charm of nature more object中ively.]

__________________________________________________________ [the author of this paper intends to take Mr.Yang Xia件n中yi and Mrs Gladys Yangs' English translation the tr初ue story of Ah Q for exa高mple to roughly analyze how the Yangs deal with the cultural default in different default elements. In addition, this study will make a significant theoretical and practical contribution to the study of compensation which may be an effective solution to cu课lture default]

解析　本题考查考生鉴赏文学作品的表达技巧，分析文章的艺术手法的能力。能力层级为E级。解答时分析运用顺叙的方式写作的好处。顺叙的方法可分为三种，一是完全按时间顺序记叙，二是以地点的转换为顺序来叙述事件，三是以事情的内在逻辑联系为序来叙述事件。通过阅读文章可以看出，运用顺叙，可以把事情的来龙去脉清晰地表现出来，还能渲染气氛。

答案　(1)以顺叙的方式写作，条理清晰，突出了新闻事件的连贯性。(2)突出时间，渲染了紧张的氛围，强调了救援效率之高，现场感强。 [The c件ompliment from Hunt and the criticism from Lockhart were at a statement, an初d this kind of situati高on lasted for a long while after Keats's death. While during the twenty years after Keats's death, many critics only 课th中ought Keats as a poet whose poems has nothing to do with deep connotation. Until 1848, the life, letters and literary heritage of John Keats has been published by Milnes. ]

10．柯利蒂大夫为什么说“今天，你们做了一件世界上所有的医生都做不了的事”？(5分) [The compliment from Hunt and the criticism from L课ockhart were at a statement, and this kind of situation lasted for a lon件g while after Keats's de高ath. While during the twenty years中 after Keats's death, many critics only thought Keats as a poet whose poems has nothing to do with dee初p connotation. Until 1848, the life, letters and literary heritage of John Keats has been published by Milnes. ]

答：_____________________________________________________________

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解析　本题考查理解文中重要句子的含意的能力。解答此题，必须结合具体的语境。看似十分困难、几乎不可能的事情，那些博士、记者和警察合作完成了，此时，柯利蒂大夫有感而发，说了这句话。分析时一般可以考虑主观因素和客观因素。在本题中，客观因素是这件事情特别难，医生做不到；主观因素是“你们”这些人协调、配合、努力，获得青霉素并及时运到了医院。 [Keats' mother died, and he left school and beca初me an apprentice to Thomas Hammond, the surgeon and apothecary at Edmonton. 15 years later, Keats 中entered the 课united hospital, working as a dresser there. He receive件d his apothecary's certif高icate. ]

答案　在当时的情形下，青霉素非常稀少，能得到它绝非易事，新闻记者及社会各界同心协力找到了青霉素，并及时把青霉素送到了小女孩的病床前。

11．新闻语言一般是客观平实的，而这篇报道却有所不同。请对文中画线部分作简要分析。(6分) [The Yang's are the most distinguished team of Chinese-English translations. 中Yang Xianyi is one of the 初most outst件anding literary translators in Chinese translation history. Throughout his life, he has tr课anslated numerous Chinese class高ical]

答：___________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________ [ctually, Cultural default was firstly课 proposed by Wan高g Dongfeng. He divides the default into three categories: situation default, contextual default and cultural default. He hold件s that cultural default is defin初ed as absence of the same cultural background knowledge shared by the author and his/ her intended reader, on t中he coherent interpretation in translation reading. ]

解析　本题考查鉴赏文学作品的语言特色的能力。这段文字叙述的是救命的药及时送来了，文段的语言生动，蕴含了丰富的情感，具有较强的感染力。将青霉素称为“仁慈的东西”，因为它能救小女孩的性命；将车称为“仁慈之车”因为它快速运来了药物，体现了作者对小女孩即将得救的喜悦，对人们的爱心的赞颂。 [George Steiner describes translating process as fou初r steps in After Babel: (1) trust (2) aggression (3) import (4中) restitution/comp件ensation. The first three steps will cause disequilibrium throughout the system by taking away f课r高om the sources text and by adding to the target text. (2001) That why there's the forth step. ]

答案　画线部分运用“仁慈”“奄奄一息”“焦急”等词语，具有浓烈的感情色彩，使报道具有较强的感染力和明显的倾向性(或“体现了对小女孩的爱心和人道主义情怀”)。 [ir中st of all, scholars paid a lo初t attention on Keats's works. As we all know, Keats is most famous for his poems, especially his odes. Chinese scholars have contributed a lot to the study of Keats poems like Zhang Yan and Shang Biwu. For example: in the p课oetic appreciation during the communication between text and history-comment on Ode on a Grecian Urn by Zhang Yan. It studied the gains an件d losses in the study of Od高e on a]

12．这篇报道具有很高的社会价值。请结合文本和新闻背景谈谈你的理解。(6分)

答：_____________________________________________________________

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解析　本题考查理解文章内容的能力和探究的能力。本题要求我们分析报道的社会价值，这就要求着眼于全文。探究题可以从时代背景、人物形象、环境氛围、细节描写、语言表达等方面切入探究。本篇报道叙述的是一个小女孩在众人的帮助下得救的故事，考虑到故事发生在第二次世界大战期间，所以更有其深远的社会意义。解答时，要从对生命的尊重，世间有大爱，在战争的年代对人性、爱的关注与渴盼方面思考、表达，还要注意注释的作用。 [However, there were several criticisms towards Keats at that time. For example, J.C. Lockhart published an a课rticle on the Blackwood's Edinburgh 中magazine, in this articl高e, he criticized Keats's poems were not elegant and lack of art sent件iment, and thought Keats was short of good e初ducation.]

答案　(1)体现了对生命的尊重，弘扬了一种“不抛弃，不放弃”的人道主义精神。(2)歌颂了人与人之间友好互助、团结一致的精神。(3)增强了当时(二战时期)美国人民终将赢得战争胜利的信心。

Unit 4 Don’t eat in class [The件n, turns to another ode: Ode to autumn, it is consisted of three connected st初anzas. The 高first stanza is abo课ut the fruitful autumn, this is a static scene; the second stanza focuses on the harvest autumn, which is a dy中namic scene, these two stanzas commit a picture of lively autumn]

[Ho高wever, there were several初 criticisms towards Keats at that time. For exam课ple, J.C. Lo中ckhart published an artic件le on the Blackwood's Edinburgh magazine, in this article, he criticized Keats's poems were not elegant and lack of art sentiment, and thought Keats was short of good education.]

高中物理 第一章 第7节《对自由落体运动的研究》导学案 教科版必修1