Canada is the second largest country in the world. It is larger than the USA and reaches nearly a quarter of the way round the earth. The distance from east to west is over 5,500 kilometres and the country covers six of the world's 24 time areas. 加拿大是世界上占地面积第2的国家。面积比美国大，并且领土的延伸接近地球赤道的4分之1。从东部到南部的距离超过5500千米。并且加拿大覆盖了世界上24个时区中的6个。 The population of Canada is about 29 million and the capital is Ottawa. There are two official languages, French and English. The first travellers arrived from England in 1497. Settlers from France reached Canada in 1534. For two centuries English and French settlers struggled against each other to control the country. Today, one province of Canada is French-speaking. The TV and radio programmes there are in French. There are French restaurants, and all the teaching in schools is done in French. 加拿大的人口总数约为2900万，首都为渥太华。其官方语言有2种，法语和英语。1497年，从英格兰来的首批移居者（拓荒者）来到了这儿，1534年，从法国来的移居者也到达此地。这来自两个国家的移居者为了成为这块土地的主宰者而互相征战。今天，加拿大有一个说发语的省，电视和收音机里节目都是用法语播放的。这儿有法国参观，所有的学校的教学都采用法语进行。 Canada has one third of the world's supply of fresh water. There are five great lakes in the south, and there are many others, especially in the north. Most of the electricity is produced by water. The country has a great deal of coal, oil and natural gas, and these are all exploited for energy. 加拿大拥有世界淡水资源的3分之1。在加拿大的南面有5大名湖。 并且在其他地方，尤其是在北部，还有许多湖。加拿大主要是考水力发电。它拥有大量的煤，石油，天然气资源。这些都是完全可以作为能源来利用开发。 Much of the country is covered by forests, and wood is cut and sold all over the world. Canada is also the world's biggest producer of the kind of paper which is used for newspapers. Fishing is also very important for Canadians. Fish from the east and west coasts is sold to many other countries. 加拿大的大部分面积被森林覆盖，砍下来的木材被运往世界各地。加拿大还是世界上供应制作报纸所需纸张的最大的供应者。 渔业在加拿大也是非常重要的。来自东部和西部海岸的鱼被销售往世界其他国家。

加拿大-全球最适宜居住的国家
据联合国发表的报告，加拿大在就业水平、人均国民生产总值、收入、教育及卫生水平等综合指标在全球160多个国家中名列第一。
优美的自然环境和安全先进的生活方式
加拿大位于北美洲的北半部，总面积 997万平方公里，仅次于俄罗斯，是世界第二大国。人口2900多万，是世界上平均人口密度最低的国家之一，每3人占有一平方公里的土地。89%的土地没有永久性居民点。南部与美国为邻约5000公里，石油、矿产、木材、海产、水利资源十分丰富。加拿大四季分明，西面受太平洋季风的影响，四季宜人春季郁金香花争艳，夏季阳光明媚，秋季枫叶层林尽染，冬季万里雪飘，极具风情。
加拿大是由十个省和两个地区组成的联邦国家。民族构成一英裔、法裔、荷兰裔、德裔、波兰裔和华裔。官方语言为英语和法语。
加拿大有26个人口超过10万的市区和3个人口超过100万的城市。其中不少是北美洲最安全、最清洁、风光最美的市中心区。加拿大城市的严重犯罪率不到美国城市的一半。更为人称道的是多个不同种族的人们在一个国际性的环境中和睦相处。政府和工业界致力保持空气和食品的清洁，共同努力维护健康的环境。
加拿大的城市都有高素质的歌剧院、乐团和舞蹈团、美术馆、博物馆以及公共图书馆。加拿大城市有国际著名的芭蕾舞团、歌剧团和交响乐团。同时亦经常邀请世界各国最优秀的艺术家到访演出。加拿大政府对艺术的人均补助位于世界前列。加拿大的城市融合了欧洲、亚洲、拉丁美洲和非洲的各种文化。例如，温哥华是众多的亚裔人聚居之地；多伦多融合了欧、亚及其他文化；魁北克则为北美洲添上一份英、法双语的欧洲风味。
加拿大的气候各地不一，往往令预计天气较冷的访客诧异。全国绝大多数人口聚居在离美国边境 250公里以内的地区，而加拿大最南部的地区与美国加州北部处于同一纬度。因此，加拿大各大城市的气候多数与美国北部或北欧地区相似。加拿大的城镇提供舒适的生活设施，但是与其他国际性商业中心相比，生活费用确保持在很容易负担的水平上。
名列世界前茅的经济和科技发展水平
加拿大是西方七国之一，工业生产自动化、电气化和现代化水平在世界各国中处于领先地位。农业生产专业化、商品化和现代化的程度也很高，加拿大在电话、微波、卫星、光纤通讯等方面拥有世界先进水平，在航天、微电子工业和生物技术方面亦具有相当水平。加拿大的交通很方便，拥有铁路10万公里、公路73万公里、900 家航空公司和600个大型机场。
理想的投资之地
加拿大是个贸易强国。受过良好教育的劳动力以及合理的生产成本，加上政府在政策的支持，国际人士对加拿大的商业投资环境充满信心。
加拿大在七大工业国中经济增长强劲，通货膨胀率长期低于2%。生活标准指数名列第三位。许多未来的主导行业已经对加拿大经济作出了显著贡献。这些行业包括：通讯设备、激光产品、环保技术、生物技术、制药、航天和电脑软件等高科技工业。
许多国际企业正越来越多地以加拿大作为研究与发展的中心。加拿大是世界最富裕的市场。从1994年1月1日生效的《北美自由贸易协定》让加拿大的企业得到了无可比拟的便利。充裕的原料、廉价的能源、低廉的商业楼宇、先进高效的基础设施、政府的少干预和为支援中小企业、技术与研究开发计划制定的优惠政策，使加拿大成为世界少有的理想投资地。
完备的教育体系
加拿大提供免费的中小学教育。小学教育注重教育学生以积极参与的态度去学习，入学条件简单，主要以学生居住地、年龄分配就读学校。对新移民子弟，学校也会安排ESL 英语课程。小学课程根据各省教育厅指示编排，学校对学生的学习成绩和学生的生活礼仪一样看重。希望培养出来的学生能均衡发展；加拿大的中学教育一般为 5-7年，只需修完30个学分，每学分上课110 小时，就能取得中学毕业证书。低年级课程科目相同，高年级课程有较大弹性，所学科目会有所不同。学校有学生顾问协助学生规划未来。学校还组织各种社团活动，让学生在各方面综合发展。加拿大的高等教育可分为社区学院、大学及研究所，外籍学生及新移民通常要先修语言课，大学课程通常为3-5年。分一般学士及荣誉学士两种。全加拿大有88所大学及200多所社区学院。这些学校的入学资格由学生自定。学生分别向大学申请，没有全国性联考。硕士课程方面，学生入学必须具备相关学科的大学程度。
世人羡慕的社会福利体系
加拿大是高福利国家，费用由联邦政府承担。尽管各省的具体规定不同，但社会福利基本一致。包括：
家庭津贴：凡有18岁以下儿童之父母均可享受。具体金额视家庭收入高低而定；
日托津贴：若小孩父母均工作，又不能付日托全费，可申请日托津贴；
失业保险：多数在加拿大工作的人都受失业保险保障。失业可领取失业保险金。
养 老 金：65岁以上，在加拿大居住满10年，可领取全额养老金；
退 休 金：在工作期间供纳退休金税的人士，可申请退休金；
医疗保险：加拿大实施全民保健计划，居民享受免费医疗服务；
加拿大护照通行全球
加拿大对全世界所有够条件的人打开大门，每年接受移民及难民超过20万，其中独立技术移民约占8 万人左右，大部分来自亚洲。华人移民加拿大已经有 100多年的历史，目前华人占全国人口5％，华人投资包括银行、房地产、酒店、百货商场、电子通讯、电子计算机等，华人就业机会甚佳，从事高级白领工作的人越来越多，华语成为英语、法语之后的第三大语言，华人的地位也越来越高。
多元文化
加拿大实行多元文化、多民族和平共处，不象澳洲那样反对从亚洲移民且有较多的种族歧视。在多伦多、温哥华等大城市，华人数量已超过50万人。
较多的个人发展机会
移民加拿大后，四年时间中在加拿大居住满三年，可申请入籍成为加拿大公民。持加拿大护照可免签证自由往来美国、澳大利亚、新西兰、英国、德国、意大利、比利时、荷兰、奥地利、西班牙、葡萄牙、丹麦、瑞典、芬兰、挪威、希腊、以色列、沙特、香港、澳门、日本、台湾、新加坡、马来西亚、巴西、委内瑞拉等一百多个国家和地区。移民加拿大后，若想转入美国发展，也十分容易。

Name : Canada (Canada) Independence Day : July 1 (1867) National Day : July 1 (1867) Flag : a horizontal rectangle, the length and width than 2:1. Flag-white square face, with a 11 Kok red maple leaves; For the two sides equal red vertical rectangle. White square on the vast land of Canada, Canada's large area of land in the snow period of 100 days or more, it is said by white; Two red vertical rectangle representing the Pacific and Atlantic, as Canada West north Pacific, east Atlantic; Red Maple Leaf on behalf of all the people of Canada, Canada known as a "Maple Leaf country" reputation, Maple trees States is the country that is Canada Maple Leaf national symbol. Emblem : 1921 enacted shield designs for the middle and lower face shield for one three films Maple Leaf; The four sets upper case are : three first Golden Lion, the Red Lion head upright, a harp and Sanduo lily, a symbol of Canada respectively in history with England, Scotland, Ireland and France linkages. Shield emblem on a one lion holding a red Maple Leaf is a national symbol of Canada, also said to the First World War Canadian victims condolences. For the top Golden Lion on the crown, a symbol of Her Majesty the Queen is the Head of State of Canada. Holding the left shoulder the lion flag of the United Kingdom side, the right side of the original French Lily Dujiaoshou held United States. The Phoenix used cars on the Latin words "from sea to sea," said the Canadian location -- near the West Pacific, east Atlantic. Anthem :! Canada (July 1, 1980, the Canadian government officially declared the national anthem); God bless the Queen's (Royal carol) States trees : Maple, Canada known as a "Maple Leaf State" reputation. Physical Geography : an area of 9970610 square kilometres. Located in the northern half of North America (except Alaska Peninsula and Greenland outside the island, the whole northern half are Canadian territory). East Atlantic, West Atlantic Pacific, South American community, west zone. Northwest Alaska border with the United States, it Bafen Bay and Northeast Greenland across. Coastline of more than 240,000 kilometres. To the eastern hilly areas, the southern border with the United States of the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence region, smooth terrain, multi-basin. For the western Cordillera mountain is the highest region of Canada, many peak at an altitude of 4,000 meters. North to the Arctic Islands, many of the low hills hill. Central to the plains region. Logan highest mountain peak, located in the western Rocky Mountains, to an altitude of 5,951 metres. Canada is the world's largest lake one of the countries. Population : 29.8 million (January 1996 Statistics Canada figure). Anglo residents of 42% French residents about 26.7%, other European descent 23%, indigenous Indian and a prominent person (Eskimos) 5%, other ethnic groups accounted for 1.5%. About one million Chinese people. The official language is English and French. Accounted for 47.3% of the population Catholic, Protestant Christianity, which accounts for 41.2%. Capital : Ottawa (Ottawa). Major cities : Toronto, Vancouver. Administrative divisions : 10 provinces and three Canadian regions. 10 provinces : Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba province, New Brunswick province, Newfoundland-Labrador province, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island province, Quebec, Saskatchewan province. Three areas : the north-west, the Yukon and Nunavut by special areas. With the provincial government and provincial elected provincial assemblies. Highlights : Canada word out Huron-Yi Luokui language, the Italian "villages, small rooms or houses." 1435 French explorer Kadiai We asked Indian name here, sheikh replied, "Canada", meaning nearby villages. Qiadiai mistaken means the whole region, since it will be called Canada. Another argument is that in 1500 the Portuguese explorer Keerteleier here, to see a living, they said Canada! Italy as "nothing here." Canada is the earliest residents of Indian and Arctic. 17 century, the British colonialists have invaded France, established colony. 1756-1763 period, the United Kingdom, France, Canada outbreak, "the seven-year war," France's defeat, ceded to the British colony. 1848 British North American colonies established self-government. July 1, 1867 the British Parliament passed the "British North America Act" will be Canadian provinces, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia into a federation, as a self-governing British earliest, said Canadian territory, 1870-1949, other provinces have joined the Federation. 1926 English Canada in international negotiations and international recognition of the sovereignty, independence was diplomatically. 1931 became member of the Commonwealth, the Parliament also agreed with the British Parliament equal legislative power. 1967 Quebec party who raised the issue of independence for Quebec, in 1976 the party won the election in the province. 1980 Quebec held a referendum on independence, the results are opponents, but the issue was not finally resolved. March 1982 by the British Upper House and the Lower House on the "Canadian Constitution Act" ,4 bill approved by the Queen in force, Canada has won all the powers of legislation and the amendments. Politics : Canada has not a complete constitution, mainly in different historical periods posed by the Constitution Act, including 1867 in the British Parliament adopted the "British North America Act", 1867 -1975, through constitutional amendment, and in 1982 the Canadian Parliament passed the "1982 Constitution Act." Under the Constitution, the Head of State to the Queen of Canada, the national office by the Governor on behalf of the Queen of the administrative authority. Ordered by the Prime Minister to the Governor, the Queen appointed. Federal Parliament is the highest authority and the legislature, by the Senate and House of Representatives, Senate and the House of Representatives passed the bill by the Governor signed into law. The Governor has the power to convene and dissolve Parliament. Government to the cabinet system, is the executing agency. By the majority of seats in the House of Representatives of political parties formed, the leaders of the Prime Minister, leading cabinet. Diplomacy : Canada to the maintenance of world peace and national security, promoting economic development, in a global context to promote democracy and respect for human rights, promotion of high cultural values under its foreign policy agenda. The United States is Canada's principal allies, the two countries have close relations with the United States and successive Governments have before foreign policy priority. Relations with China : October 13, 1970, Canada established diplomatic relations with China.

加拿大 Canada

北美洲国家。面积：约9,976,185平方千米。人口：约31,081,900(2001)。首都：渥太华。英国人和法国人后裔占该国人口半数以上，德国人、意大利人、乌克兰人、华人、荷兰人、美洲印第安人和爱斯基摩人(因努伊特人)的后裔则构成重要的少数民族。语言：英语和法语(均为官方语言)。宗教：天主教、新教(加拿大联合教会和加拿大圣公会)。货币：加拿大元。加拿大可划分为几个自然地理区：以哈得孙湾为中心占全国面积近4/5的大片内陆盆地，由加拿大地盾、内陆平原及五大湖-圣劳伦斯低地区组成。盆地边缘是几个大部为高地的区域，包括北极群岛境内的山脉，有落基山脉、海岸山脉和劳伦琴山脉。境内最高峰位于育空地区的洛根山。加拿大的5条河流――圣劳伦斯河、马更些河、育空河、弗雷泽河和纳尔逊河均居世界40条最大河流之列。除与美国共有的苏必利尔湖和休伦湖外，加拿大的大熊湖和大奴湖又属世界11个最大湖泊之列。境内也有若干岛屿，包括巴芬岛、埃尔斯米尔岛、维多利亚岛、纽芬兰岛和梅尔维尔岛以及许多小岛屿。加拿大与美国的疆界长6,415千米，是世界上最长的不设防疆界。加拿大的市场经济相当发达，主要以出口为主并与美国经济保持着紧密联系，这使它成为世界上最富有的国家之一。加拿大是议会制联邦，两院制。国家元首是英国君主，其代表为加拿大总督，政府首脑为总理。最初的居民是美洲印第安人和因努伊特人。大约公元1000年古代斯堪的纳维亚的探险者就来到此地，考古发掘证实在纽芬兰有他们的遗迹。早在公元1500年，英国人、法国人、西班牙人及葡萄牙人就在纽芬兰附近海域开始渔业考察。1534年卡蒂埃首次进入圣劳伦斯湾，法国遂提出对加拿大的领土要求。1605年在新斯科舍(阿卡迪亚)建立起一个小拓居地，1608年尚普兰也曾到过魁北克。皮毛交易对早期殖民地的开拓有促进作用。为对付法国人的行动，英国于1670年成立哈得孙湾公司，英法两国为争夺上北美洲腹地相持达一个世纪之久。1713年法国人在安妮女王之战(西班牙王位继承战争)中失利，被迫将新斯科舍及纽芬兰割让给英国。七年战争(法英北美殖民地争夺战)导致法国人1763年被逐出北美大陆。美国独立战争后，加拿大人口中增加了一些从美国逃来的效忠派分子。由于到达魁北克的效忠派分子越来越多，英国遂于1791年将该殖民地分成上、下加拿大省。1841年英国将上、下加拿大省合并。加拿大人的扩张主义导致了19世纪中叶的联邦运动。1867年成立加拿大自治领，其范围包括新斯科舍、新不伦瑞克、魁北克及安大略。此举对促进加拿大的发展至关重要。联邦成立后，加拿大开始了向西扩张的时期。伴随加拿大进入20世纪的繁荣，由于英国人与法国人社区间不断发生的冲突而受到很大影响。1931年通过的《威斯敏斯特条例》，承认加拿大是不列颠的平等伙伴。由于1982年《加拿大法案》获得通过，英国给予加拿大对其宪法的完全控制权，并切断了两国间仍然保留的法律联系。法语加拿大人的骚动是一个主要问题，20世纪后半叶要求魁北克分离的运动不断发展。1992和1995年两次要求魁北克在政治上有更多自治的公民投票表决都遭到拒绝，但这个问题依然没有解决。1999年加拿大成立了新的纽纳武特地区。

Canada Country, North America.
Area: 3,849,674 sq mi (9,970,610 sq km). Population (2002 est.): 31,244,000. Capital: Ottawa. People of British and French descent constitute more than half the population; there are significant minorities of German, Italian, Ukrainian, Chinese, Dutch, American Indian, and Inuit (Eskimo) origin. Languages: English, French (both official). Religions: Roman Catholicism, Protestantism (United Church of Canada, Anglican Church of Canada). Currency: Canadian dollar. Canada may be divided into several physiographic regions. A large interior basin centred on Hudson Bay and covering nearly four-fifths of the country is composed of the Canadian Shield, the interior plains, and the Great Lakes–St. Lawrence lowlands. Rimming the basin are highland regions, including the Arctic Archipelago. Mountain ranges include the Rocky, Coast, and Laurentian mountains. Canada's highest peak is Mount Logan in Yukon Territory. Five of Canada's rivers
the St. Lawrence, Mackenzie, Yukon, Fraser, and Nelson
rank among the world's 40 largest. In addition to Lakes Superior and Huron, both shared with the U.S., Canada's Great Bear and Great Slave lakes are among the world's 11 largest lakes. The country also includes several major islands, including Baffin, Ellesmere, Victoria, Newfoundland, and Melville, and many small ones. Its border with the U.S., the longest demilitarized border in the world, extends 3,987 miles (6,415 km). With a developed market economy that is export-directed and closely linked with that of the U.S., Canada is one of the world's most prosperous countries. It is a parliamentary state with two legislative houses; its chief of state is the British monarch, whose representative is Canada's governor-general, and the head of government is the prime minister. Originally inhabited by American Indians and Inuit, Canada was visited с AD 1000 by Scandinavian explorers, whose discovery is confirmed by archaeological evidence from Newfoundland. Fishing expeditions off Newfoundland by the English, French, Spanish, and Portuguese began as early as 1500. The French claim to Canada was made in 1534 when Jacques Cartier entered the Gulf of St. Lawrence. A small settlement was made in Nova Scotia (Arcadia) in 1605, and by 1608 Samuel de Champlain had reached Quebec. Fur trading was the impetus behind the early colonizing efforts. In response to French activity, the English in 1670 formed the Hudson's Bay Company. The British-French rivalry for the interior of upper North America lasted almost a century. The first French loss occurred in 1713 at the conclusion of Queen Anne's War (War of the Spanish Succession), when Nova Scotia and Newfoundland were ceded to the British. The Seven Years' War (French and Indian War) resulted in France's expulsion from continental North America in 1763. After the American Revolution Canada's population was augmented by loyalists fleeing the United States, and the increasing number arriving in Quebec led the British to divide the colony into Upper and Lower Canada in 1791. The British reunited the two provinces in 1841. Canadian expansionism resulted in the confederation movement of the mid 19th century, and in 1867 the Dominion of Canada, comprising Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, and Ontario, came into existence. After confederation, Canada entered a period of westward expansion. The prosperity that accompanied Canada into the 20th century was marred by continuing conflict between the English and French communities. Through the Statute of Westminster (1931), Canada was recognized as an equal partner of Great Britain. With the Canada Act of 1982, the British gave Canada total control over its constitution and severed the remaining legal connections between the two countries. French Canadian unrest continued to be a major concern, with a movement growing for Quebec separatism in the late 20th century. Referendums for more political autonomy for Quebec were rejected in 1992 and 1995, but the issue remained unresolved. In 1999 Canada formed the new territory of Nunavut

加拿大中英简介