英语集合名词用法分类

发布时间:2011-11-12 12:28:27

英语集合名词用法分类

英语中的集合名词是高考经常考查的一个考点,它主要涉及集合名词的可数性、单复数意义、主谓一致、恰当的修饰语等。为了便于理解和记忆,我们将一些常考的集合名词分为以下几类,并分别简述其有关用法特点:
英语中的集合名词是高考经常考查的一个考点,它主要涉及集合名词的可数性、单复数意义、主谓一致、恰当的修饰语等。为了便于理解和记忆,我们将一些常考的集合名词分为以下几类,并分别简述其有关用法特点:

第一类
形式为单数,但意义可以用为单数或复数这类集合名词包括family(家庭Y: 'Times New Roman'">family(team()class()audience(听众)等,其用法特点为:若视为整体,表示单数意义;若考虑其个体成员,表示复数意义。比较并体会:His family is large. 他的家是个大家庭。His family are all waiting for him. 他的一家人都在等他。This class consists of 45 pupils. 这个班由45个学生组成。This class are reading English now. 这个班的学生在读英语。
这个班的学生在读英语。

第二类
形式为单数,但意义永远为复数这类集合名词包括cattle(牛,牲畜)cattle(people()police(警察)等,其用法特点为:只有单数形式, 但却表示复数意义,用作主语时谓语用复数;不与 a(n) 连用,但可与the连用(连用)。如:People will laugh at you. 人们会笑你的。The police are looking for him. 警察在找他。Many cattle were killed for this. 就因为这个原因宰了不少牲畜。注:表示牲畜的头数,用单位词 head(单复数同形)。如:five head of cattle 5头牛,fifty (head of ) cattle 50头牛

第三类
形式为复数,意义也为复数这类集合名词包括goods(货物), clothes(衣服)等,其用法特点是:只有复数形式()当然也表示复数意义,用作主语时谓语也用复数),但通常不与数词连用。如:Clothes dry slowly in the rainy season. 衣服在雨季不易干。Such clothes are very expensive. 那样的衣服很贵。If goods are not well made you should complain to the manufacturer. 如果货物质量不好,则理应向制造商提出控诉。

第四类
形式为单数,意义也为单数这类集合名词包括baggage / luggage(行李), clothing(衣服), furniture(家具), machinery(机器), poetry(), scenery(风景), scenery(), jewelry(珠宝), equipment(设备), 其用法特点为:是不可数名词,只用单数形式,不用不定冠词(当然更不能用数词),没有复数形式。如:Our clothing protects us from [against] the cold. 我们的衣服可以御寒。<>Have you checked all your baggage? 你所有的行李都托运了吗?The thief stole all her jewelry. 小偷把她所有的首饰都偷走了。The hospital has no decent equipment. 这家医院没有像样的设备。The Tang Dynasty is thought of as the high summer of Chinese poetry. 人们认为唐朝是中国诗歌的全盛时期。注:machinery, poetry, jewelry, scenery等相应的个体可数名词是 machine, poem, jewel, scene等。如:a poem / a piece of poetry 一首诗many machines / much machinery / many pieces of machinery 许多机器

第五类
补充几个常考的集合名词除上面提到的四类集合名词外,以下几个集合名词也应重点注意(因为它们也是常考考点)
1. hair(头发,毛发)
指全部头发或毛发时,为集合名词(不可数);指几根头发或毛发时,为个体名词(可数)。如:My hair has grown very long. 我的头发已长得很长了。The police found two hairs there. 警察在那儿找到了两根头发。
2. mankind(人类)
人是一个不可数的集合名词,不用复数形式,也不连用冠词。如:This is an invention that benefits mankind. 这是一项造福人类的发明。Mankind has its own problems. 人类有自己的问题。注:mankind 表示“mankind ()”时,虽不可数,但有时却可以表示复数意义,尤其是当其表语是复数时。如:Mankind are intelligent animals. 人是理智的动物。
3. fruit(水果)
作为集合名词,它通常是不可数的。如:He doesn’t eat much fruit. 他不大吃水果。He is growing fruit in the country. 他在乡下种水果。但是,当要表示种类时,它可视为可数名词,即a fruit 指一种水果,fruits 指多种水果。比较:fruits Some fruits have thick skins. 有些水果皮很厚。The potato is a vegetable, not a fruit. 土豆是一种蔬菜,而不是一种水果。

英语集合名词用法说明

一、family

family(家庭)team()class()audience(听众)等,其用法特点为:若视为整体,表示单数意义;若考虑其个体成员,表示复数意义。比较:

This class consists of 45 pupils. 这个班由45个学生组成。

This class are reading English now. 这个班的学生在读英语。

二、police

cattle(牛,牲畜)people()police(警察)等,其用法特点为:只有单数形式, 但却表示复数意义,用作主语时谓语用复数;不与 a(n) 连用,但可与the连用(表示总括意义和特指)

People will laugh at you. 人们会笑你的。

The police are looking for him. 警察在找他。

Many cattle were killed for this. 就因为这个原因宰了不少牲畜。

【注】表示牲畜的头数,用单位词 head(单复数同形)three head of cattle (3头牛)twenty (head of ) cattle (20头牛)

三、goods

goods(货物), clothes(衣服)等,其用法特点是:只有复数形式(当然也表示复数意义,用作主语时谓语也用复数),但通常不与数词连用:

Such clothes are very expensive. 那样的衣服很贵。

To whom do these goods belong? 这些货是谁的?

四、baggage

baggage / luggage(行李), clothing(衣服), furniture(家具), machinery(机器), poetry(), scenery(风景), jewelry(珠宝), equipment(设备), 其用法特点为:是不可数名词,只用单数形式,不用不定冠词(当然更不能用数词),没有复数形式:

Our clothing protects us from [against] the cold. 我们的衣服可以御寒。

Have you checked all your baggage? 你所有行李都托运了吗?

【注】machinery, poetry, jewelry, scenery等相应的个体可数名词是 machine, poem, jewel, scene等。如:a poem / a piece of poetry(一首诗)many machines / much machinery / many pieces of machinery(许多机器)

五、hair的用法

hair(头发,毛发)指全部头发或毛发时,为集合名词(不可数);指几根头发或毛发时,为个体名词(可数)

My hair has grown very long. 我的头发已长得很长了。

The police found two hairs there. 警察在那儿找到了两根头发。

六、mankind的用法

mankind(人类)是一个不可数的集合名词,不用复数形式,也不连用冠词:

This is an invention that benefits mankind. 这是一项造福人类的发明。

Mankind has its own problems. 人类有自己的问题。

【注】mankind 表示()”时,虽不可数,但有时却可以表示复数意义,尤其是当其表语是复数时:

Mankind are intelligent animals. 人是理智的动物。

七、fruit的用法

fruit(水果)作为集合名词,它通常是不可数的:

He doesn’t eat much fruit. 他不大吃水果。

He is growing fruit in the country. 他在乡下种水果。

但是,当要表示种类时,它可视为可数名词,即a fruit 指一种水果,fruits 指多种水果。比较:

Some fruits have thick skins. 有些水果皮很厚。

The potato is a vegetable, not a fruit. 土豆是一种蔬菜,而不是一种水果。

英语集合名词用法说明,嘉兴英语网收集整理

集合名词的主谓一致详解

集合名词,也叫集体名词,是英语中表示某一群人或某一类物的集合体。集合名词的难点,主要在于其作主语时的主谓一致问题。

汉语谓语动词因为没有单复数之分,所以我国学生在学习英语的集合名词时,常常为谓语动词的单复数问题大伤脑筋。笔者结合自己的教学经验,查阅了大量资料,总结出几条规律,以飨读者。

一、某些有生命的集合名词(表示人或者动物),本身有单/复数之分。其为单数时,若作主语,则谓语可用单数/复数。主要依据说话者强调的重点而定,若强调许多个体,谓语用复数;若强调一个整体,则用单数。其为复数时,不言而喻,谓语必须用复数。注意:此类名词单复数的意义并不完全相同,汉译时一定要当心。如army(一国之军队),armies(多国部队);couple(一对夫妇),couples(多对夫妇);等。常见的此类集合名词有:armyassociationaudiencebandboardcastclanclasscliqueclubcollegecommitteecompanycommunitycongregation(教民,会众),council(市议会,理事会),couplecrewcrowdenemyfamilyfirmfleetflockfolkganggovernmentgroupjurykingdom mob(暴民,暴徒),navyoppositionorchestrapackpairpartypersonnelprofessionpopulationstaffschoolteamtribe(部落,部民), unionuniversity等。

1The staff isare hardworking

2The audience were moved to tears

3The lecturer draws large audiences

4The whole school was punished

5The class consists of 40 students

6This class are diligent

7The whole profession fight tooth andnail against it

8One tenth of the population of Egypt isare Christian

二、某些有生命的集合名词,本身无复数形式,作主语时,谓语通常用复数。常见的此类集合名词有:cattleclergyfaculty(教职工), herdmankindmilitarymilitia(民团、民兵), peoplepolicepoultry(家禽),swine(猪),verminwomankind等。

9There are three people waving at us

10The police haven't arrived yet

11There are verm in here

12Some people are never satisfied

13The policemilitary have surrounded the building

【注】people作民族讲时有复数形式。如: There are 56 peoples in China

三、某些有生命的集合名词,本身无复数形式,其后可跟单/复数谓语动词。常见的此类集合名词有:aristocracybourgeoisie(资产阶级),churchelite(精英),gentryintelligentsia(知识分子),laity(外行),livestockmajorityminorityproletariat(无产阶级),offspringpublicswarmyouth等。

14The youth today is are better off than we used to be

15Her offspring is are like her in every respect

16The intelligentsia are hailing Ranson as their spokesman

【注】youth除了作集合名词以外,还可以作可数和不可数名词。如:

Youth is the tim e for actionage is the tim e for repose

Som e youths don't like jazz

四、某些表示国家、公司、机构、运动队等名称的专有名词也可当作集合名词使用,其后通常跟单/复数谓语动词。常见的此类集合名词有:ArsenalBBCCongressKrem lin LiverpoolMacm illanNetherlandsParliamentPentagonVatican(梵蒂冈),White House等。

17Arsenal is are playing well in this season

18Macmillan have has made a good profit this year

19The Seventy-First Congress was predominantly Republican

20The Netherlands has have a monarchy

21The BBC is showing the program on Saturday

22Liverpool is leading 1—0

23Liverpool are attacking again

五、某些无生命的集合名词(表示物)作主语时,通常被看成不可数名词,谓语用单数。常见的此类集合名词有:aircraftbaggage clothingcrockerycutlery(刀剪,餐具),equipmentfoliage(树叶),footwearfurnitureglasswarehardwarehosieryjewelleryluggagemachinerymerchandizepoetrypotterysilverwarestationeryunderclothingunderwearvegetationweaponry等。

24All the furniture in my room is new

25The merchandize has arrived undamaged

26There is not much vegetation in deserts

27The equipment for the factory hasbeen shipped

28Warm clothing is necessary in cold climates

29The machinery is driven by electrici-ty

【过关演练】用括号内动词的适当形式填空。

1The staff __________havegone for their lunch

2The crews of several ships __________bein port

3The present governmentwhich hasn't been in power long__________betrying to control inflationIt isn't having much success

4The governmentwho __________be looking for a quick victoryare calling for a general election soon

5The jury __________bedivided in opinion

6The committee __________haveheld its first m eeting

7Almost every family in this village __________havea man in the army

8The whole family __________bein tears

9The poultry __________bebeing fed

10The Kremlin __________haverefused to accept the plan proposed by America

答案:

1have 2were 3is 4are 5were 6has 7has 8are 9are were 10has have

英语集合名词用法分类

相关推荐