句子的翻译

增译法

1、增加动词

1) Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.√

读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记（写作）使人准确。

2) We don’t regret, we never have and never will.

我们不会后悔，我们从来没有后悔过，我们将来也不会后悔。

3) After the basketball, he still has an important conference.

看完篮球比赛之后，他还有一个重要会议要参加。

2. 增加形容词或副词

1) With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism!

中国人民正以多么高的热情建设社会主义啊！

2) The crowds melted away.

人群渐渐散开了。

3) As he sat down and began talking, words poured out.

他一坐下来就讲开了，滔滔不绝地讲个没完。

4) She lingered long over his letter.

她反反复复地回味着他的来信。

5) In the films of those days, all too often it was the same one: boy tractor driver meets girl tractor driver; they fall in love and drive tractor together.

在那时候的电影里，总是老一套：男拖拉机手和女拖拉机手始而相遇，继而相爱，终而并肩开拖拉机了。

3. 增加名词

1) First you borrow, then you beg.

头一遭借钱，下一遭就讨饭。

2) Mary washed for a living after her husband died of cancer.

玛丽的丈夫癌症去世后，就靠洗衣服维持生活。

3) He ate and drank, for he was exhausted.

他吃了 点东西，喝了点酒，因为他疲惫不堪了。

4) That black jacket is indeed cheap and fine.

那件黑夹克真是价廉物美。

5) He was wrinkled and black, with scant gray hair.

他满脸皱纹，皮肤黝黑，头发灰白稀疏。

6) A new kind of car—small, cheap—is attracting increasing attention.

一种新型轿车正越来越引起人们的注意——这种轿车体积小，价钱便宜。

7) His arrogance made everyone dislike him.

他的傲慢态度使谁也不喜欢他。

8) After all preparations were made, the planes were flown across the U.S. to San Francisco.

一切准备工作就绪以后，飞机就飞越美国去了旧金山。

4. 增加代词

1) 小不忍则乱大谋。

If one is not patient in small thing, one will never be able to control great ventures.

2) 交出翻译之前，必须读几遍，看看有没有要修改的地方，这样你才能把工作做好。（钟述孔《英汉翻译手册》）

Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved. Only thus can you do your work well. (Zhong Shukong, A Handbook of Translation)

3) 没有调查就没有发言权。

He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak.

4) 别把手搁在口袋里。

Don’t put your hands in your pockets.

5) 一天天冷起来了。

It is getting colder day by day.

6) 尝试而失败还是比不尝试好。

It is better to try and fail than never try at all.

7) 你三星期完成这项设计不容易。

It was not easy for you to finish this design in three weeks.

8) 把钟拆开比把它装起来容易。

It is easier to take a clock apart than to put it together again.

5、增加语气词或量词

1) Don’t get angry. I’m just making fun of you.

不要生气嘛！我不过开开玩笑罢了。

2) As for me, I didn’t agree from the very beginning.

我呢，从一开始就不赞成。

3) They (the eyes) were the same colour as the sea, cheerful and undefeated.

那双眼睛啊，像海水一样的蓝，令人愉快，毫不沮丧

4) A red sun is rising slowly on the horizon.

一轮红日正从地平线上冉冉升起。

5)A stream was winding its way through the valley in into the Dadu River.（增译法）√

一弯溪水蜿蜒流过山谷，汇合到大渡河去了。

增译法练习

1．White clouds float over the blue sky.

2. Can you manage without help?

3. I dare say that the Chinese way of reforms is more characteristic and effective than others.

4. He felt the patriot rise within his breast.

参考答案：

1. 蓝蓝的天上漂浮着朵朵白云。

2. 如果没有人帮忙，你能应付的了吗？

3. 我认为，中国的改革方式比别国的改革方式更富有特色、更卓有成效。　

4． 他感到一种爱国热情从心中涌起。

省译法

1).He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable.

他消瘦而憔悴，看上去一副可怜相。

2). We live and learn. 活到老，学到老。

3). If you give him an inch, he will take a mile. 得寸进尺。

4) I wash my face in the morning. 我早上洗脸。

*5) He shrugged his shoulders, shook his head, cast up his eyes, but said nothing.

他耸耸肩，摇摇头，两眼看天，一句话不说。

省译法 练习

1. We can not see sound waves as they travel through air.

2. The dog is stretching itself.

3. It was a cold, dark day, the sky overcast.

4. I can do it, and so can you.

5. Smoking is not allowed in the store-house.

6. There is a will, there is a way.

参考答案：

1．声波通过空气传播， 是看不见的。（省人称代词）

2． 这条狗在伸懒腰。(省反身代词）

3． 寒冷阴沉的一天，乌云密布。（省略非人称代词it)

4． 我能做， 你也能做。（省略并列连词）

5． 仓库重地，严禁吸烟。（省略介词）

6． 有志者事竟成。（省从属连词）

词类转换法

1. 转译成动词

A. 由动词的派生词名词（或含有动作意义的名词）转译为动词

His very appearance at any affair proclaims it a triumph.

无论什么事情，只要他一露面，就算是成功了。

B. 英语中加后缀-er, -or 的名词，在句中并不表身份和职业，而是含有较强的动作意义。

He is no smoker, but his father is a chain-smoker.

他倒是不抽烟，但他的爸爸却一支接一支地抽（是个老烟枪）。

C. 前置词转换为动词（介词，动词意义的介词或介词词组）

Jones opened the windows to let fresh air in.

琼斯把窗子打开,让新鲜空气进来。

D.英语中一些表示情感、心态的形容词用作表语时

可转换成动词

She was gazing across the sea, apparently ignorant of him.

她在眺望大海，显然没有看见他。

E.副词转换成动词

What film will be on this evening?

今晚放映什么电影。

2. 转译成名词

A. Verbs-Nouns

1. She behaves as if she were a child.

她的举止跟一个孩子一样。

2.It is chiefly characterized by its simplicity of structure.

它的主要特点是结构简单。

B. Adjectives-Nouns

1.They did their best to help the sick and the wounded.

他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。

2. Robin Hood and his merry men hated the rich and loved and protected the poor.

罗宾汉和他的同伴们痛恨阔人，热爱并保护穷人。

C. Adverbs—Nouns

1. It is editorially said that…

社论说……

2. He is strong physically, but weak mentally.

他体力很强，可智力很弱。

3. The new type of machine is shown schematically in Figure 1.

图一所示是这种新型机器的简图。

3. 转译成形容词

Nouns—Adjectives

1． I can note the grace of her gesture.

我可以看到她优雅的举止。

2. We have seen the beauty of Mt. Tai.　

我们看到了美丽的泰山。

3. As he is a perfect stranger in the city, I hope you will give him the necessary help.

他对这个城市完全陌生，所以我希望你能给他必要的帮助。

B. Adverbs—Adjectives

1． Our government shows great concern for the Chinese residents abroad.

我国政府十分关心海外华侨。

2. Traditionally, there had always been good relations between them.

他们之间一直有着传统的友好关系。

4. 转译成副词

A. Nouns—Adverbs

1. The man nodded with satisfaction.

那人满意地点了点头。

2. He had the honor to attend the congress.

他荣幸地出席了代表大会。

B. Adjectives—Adverbs

1. He had a careful study of the map before he started off.

他在出发前仔细地看了看地图。

2. Can you give an accurate translation of the sentence?

你能准确地把这句话译出来吗？

词类转换法 练习

1. He is physically weak but mentally sound. （adv.—n.）

2. They have not done so well ideologically, however, as organizationally. (adv.—n.)

3. I have the honour to inform you that… (n.—adv.)

4. He had the kindness to show me the way. ( n.—adv.)

5. I recognized the absurdity of dealing with them through intermediaries (中间人). (n.—adj.)

6. 他们怀疑这是否是真的。(v—adj.)

7. 我打开窗子，让新鲜空气进来。(v.—adv.)

8. 你拨错了电话号码。(adv.—adj.)

参考答案：

1. 他体力很弱，可智力很强。

2. 但是，他们的思想工作没有他们的组织工作做得好。

3. 我荣幸地通知你。

4. 他好意地给我指路。

5. 我认识到，通过中间人跟他们打交道是愚蠢的。

6. They are doubtful whether it is true or not.

7. I opened the window to let the fresh air in.

8. You dialed the wrong number.

正说反译、反说正译法

A. Some Idiomatic Expressions

1．After you, sir. 先生，您先请。

2．路上辛苦了。 Did you have a good trip?

B. Negation--Affirmation

1. Isn’t it funny! 真逗！

2. When Stephen was introduced to the old couple, they said simply, “We’ve read your article. We expected to meet an older man.”

当史蒂夫被介绍给这对老年夫妇的时候，他们只是淡淡地说：“我们看过你的文章，但没想到你这么年轻。”

3. The thought of returning to his native land never deserted him.

归国的念头始终萦绕在他的心中。

C. Affirmation--Negation

His speech leaves much to be desired.

他的讲话很不如人意。

Appearances are deceptive.

外貌是靠不住的。

正说反译、反说正译法 练习

1. I have failed to convince him of his error.

2. The teacher found some of the students absent.

3. His answer is beside the mark.

4.That fellow is far from being honest.

参考答案：

1．我没能说服他，让他知道自己的错误。

2．老师发现有的学生不在。

3．他的回答文不对题。

4．那家伙很不老实。

重译法

1. 重复名词

1). We have to analyze and solve problems.

我们要分析问题，解决问题。

1). John is your friend as much as he is mine.

约翰既是你的朋友，又是我的朋友。

3). Before liberation many people could not read or write.

解放前，许多人不会读书，也不会写字。

2、重复动词

Is he a friend or an enemy?

他是个朋友呢，还是个仇人？

But his wife kept dinning in his ears about his idleness, his carelessness, and the ruin he was bringing on his family.

可是他老婆不断地在他耳朵边唠叨个没完，说他懒惰，说他粗心，并且说他一家人都要毁在他的身上。

3. 重复代词

1). Jesse opened his eyes. They were filled with tears.

杰西睁开眼，眼里充满了泪水。

Happy family also had their own troubles.

幸福家庭也有幸福家庭的苦恼。

Whoever violates the disciplines should be criticized.

谁犯了纪律，谁就该受到批评。

Some played soccer and others played basketball.

有的踢足球去了，有的打篮球去了。

4、重复形容词

They are loyal to the motherland and the people.

他们忠于祖国，忠于人民。

5、为了生动而重复

There had been too much publicity about his love affairs.

他的风流韵事已经是满城风雨、人人皆知了。

重译法 练习

1. A good play serves to educate and inspire the people.

2. It is our duty to rebuild and defend our home-land.

3. They would be very reluctant to postpone or cancel the meeting.

4．People forget your face first, then your name.

参考答案：

1．一处好戏足以教育人民和鼓舞人民。

2．重建家园和保卫家园是我们的职责。

3．他们非常不愿意推迟这个会议或取消这个会议。

4．人们首先忘记你的容貌，接着又忘记你的名字。

倒置法/词序调整法

练习

1. Hemingway is an outstanding contemporary American writer.

2. Mother had made her a new dress.

3. They have read little, but they have much experience.

4. Down runs the river through the gorges.

5. These up-to-date practical lectures on translation specially written for college students have many features in theoretical principals and technical direction.

6. 中小国家 无地和少地的农民

参考答案：

1. 海明威是美国当代的优秀作家。

2. 母亲给她做了件新裙子。

3. 他们书读得不多，而经验却很丰富。

4. 河水穿峡直流下去。

5. 这几篇专为大学生编写的、最新实用的翻译讲稿，在理论指导和技巧指导上有许多特点。

6. Small and medium-sized countries, peasants who had little or no land

拆译法

I.分句法

1．They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all. (adv.）

他们根本没有答复，这是不足为奇的。

2. She wished she were at Kangding. Ordinarily, she would have been here two hours ago. ( adv.)

她真愿意那时已在康定。要是在平常的日子里，她早已到康定三个小时了。

3. Characteristically, Mr. Smith concealed his feelings and watched and learned.

史密斯先生没有表露自己的感情，只是察言观色，心领神会，这是他的特点。

II. 合句法

1. There are men here from all over the country. Many of them are from Sichuan.

从全国各地来的人中有许多是四川人。

2. He was very clean. His mind was open.

他为人单纯而坦率。

3． If we do a thing, we should do it well.

我们要干就干好。

4． Home after seven years. Home. The word had meant so much to him.

家，阔别了七年的家，这个词对他是多么亲切啊！

拆译法练习

1. Americans pride themselves on their independence and their right to make up their own minds.

2. The popularity of television and the serious problem of piracy have contributed to the decline of movie industry.

3. Hawaii enjoys a mild climate year-round because of the season winds, the temperature varies little from day to night and from summer to winter.

4. Americans take shorter and fewer vacations than people in most other industrialized countries.

5. The importance of strengthening ties between the US and China will grow even greater with the beginning of a new century.

6. Growing labor shortage in some field will give workers more rights to demand higher wages.

7. New York has become one of the largest and most powerful cities in the western world with a population of more than 8 million.

8. Despite its national wealth, poverty and serious income difference exist throughout the US.

参考答案：

1. 美国人有独立的精神，有自主的权利，并为此感到自豪。

2. 电视普及，盗版问题严重，导致了电影业的衰落。

3. 由于受季风影响，夏威夷一年四季如春，春夏秋冬，白天黑夜，温差很小。

4. 与大部分工业化国家相比，美国人休假时间短，休假次数少。

5. 随着新世纪的开始，加强美中关系变得越来越重要。

6. 某些产业劳动力日益短缺，将使工人更有权利要求较高的工资。

7. 纽约已经成为西方世界最具影响力的大城市之一，目前人口已达800万。

8. 虽然美国是个富裕的国家，但全国仍然存在着贫穷和严重的收入差别问题。

句子翻译参考