英语补充资料（上）

一、演讲风度

PASSAGE 1 梅姨上任公开演讲

I have just been to Buckingham Palace, where Her Majesty the Queen has asked me to form a new government, and I accepted.In David Cameron, I follow in the footsteps of a great, modern Prime Minister. Under David’s leadership, the government stabilized* the economy, reduced the budget deficit*, and helped more people into work than ever before.

翻译：我刚刚去了白金汉宫，女王陛下请我组建一个新政府，而我答应了。作为大卫·卡梅伦的继任者，我追随的是一个伟大而开明的首相的脚步。在大卫的领导下，政府稳定了经济，削减了财政赤字，而且以前所未有的幅度增加了就业量。

赏析：①Her Majesty [ˈmædʒəsti]和the Queen其实都是女王的意思，更多的情况下我们看到的是分开用，连在一起用显得更正式、更尊敬；②注意开头的in David Cameron，这里的in其实没有办法直译到中文里，这个用法是用来强调一个人内在的品质，比如“I see a great hero in you.”并不是“我在你里面看到了个伟大的英雄”，而是“在我眼里你是个伟大的英雄”。）③Modern一词在这的意思其实就是其本来的意思“现代的”，那么强调这点想说他思想进步，译作开明。④Help people into work意为创造就业，可以直接说create jobs。但是前面一种用法更亲民。

But David’s true legacy* is not about the economy but about social justice. From the introduction of same-sex marriage, to taking people on low wages out of income tax altogether; David Cameron has led a one-nation government, and it is in that spirit that I also plan to lead.（强调句型）Because not everybody knows this, but the full title of my party is the Conservative and Unionist Party, and that word ‘unionist’ is very important to me.It means we believe in the Union: the precious, precious bond between England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. But it means something else that is just as important.It means we believe in a union not just between the nations of the United Kingdom but between all of our citizens, every one of us, whoever we are and wherever we’re from.

翻译：不过大卫真正的政治遗产并不是经济方面的而是社会正义方面的。无论是引入同性婚姻还是全面免除低收入人群的个人所得税，大卫·卡梅伦领导的政府让整个国家团结起来，而这也是我领导时打算秉持的精神。并不是所有人都知道，但我的政党全名是保守与统一党，而其中的“统一”二字对我来说非常重要。这两个字代表我们对“统一”的信念——英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士、北爱尔兰之间极其珍贵的统一。不过除此之外它还有更深一层的意思，而这层意思同样重要。那就是不仅在国家之间取得统一，还要在整个联合王国的所有人民之间取得统一，不管我们是谁、从哪来。

赏析：①Introduction除“用语言介绍”外，还可有引入之意。②英文中所谓的one-nation是指一个团结不分裂的国家，强调国家内各族群之间没有分歧。③Precious, precious的意思是极其珍贵，像这样将一个形容词连用时口语中的一种强调方式。④Is just as adj. 的意思是同样……

That means fighting against the burning injustice that, if you’re born poor, you will die on average 9 years earlier than others.If you’re black, you’re treated more harshly* by the criminal* justice system than if you’re white.If you’re a white, working-class boy, you’re less likely than anybody else in Britain to go to university.If you’re at a state school, you’re less likely to reach the top professions than if you’re educated privately.If you’re a woman, you will earn less than a man. If you suffer from mental health problems, there’s not enough help to hand.If you’re young, you’ll find it harder than ever before to own your own home.

翻译：这也意味着我们要与社会上的不公做斗争，这些不公就是：如果你生而贫穷，你的平均寿命就比其他人少9年；如果你是黑人，那么你在刑事司法体系中收到的待遇会比白人严厉；如果你是个白人男孩，而且出自工薪阶层接听，那你上大学的几率就比别人少；如果你上的是公立学校，那你从事高端职业的几率就比上私立学校的人小。如果你是女人，你受的教育会比男人少；如果你受心理健康问题所苦，你将得不到足够的帮助；如果你是年轻人，你获得自己房产的难度将比以往都大。

赏析：①Top profession的意思是高端职业，profession与job不同，它强调的是一种职业，而job强调的是一份特定的工作。②Hand在这里是名词而非动词，这里的to hand不是不定式，他的本意是“在触手可及的范围里能拿到”，这里他的意思是“可以得到”，是在修饰help。③这里又走煽情路线了，用“家”来指代房产，博取人民好感。

But the mission to make Britain a country that works for everyone means more than fighting these injustices. If you’re from an ordinary working class family, life is much harder than many people in Westminster realize. 

You have a job but you don’t always have job security. You have your own home, but you worry about paying a mortgage. You can just about manage but you worry about the cost of living and getting your kids into a good school.

翻译：不过，我们的任务是将英国建立为一个适合所有人的国家，这远远不止包括与这些不公做斗争。如果你来自一个工薪家庭，你的生活会比威斯敏斯特的许多人意识到的要艰难。

你有工作，但你的工作并不稳定。你有自己的房产，但是你会被住房贷款所困扰。你能勉强收支平衡，但是你很担忧自己能否将孩子送进一所好学校。

赏析：①Can just about manage的意思不光是“能勉强收支平衡”，它可以广义地表示“刚好能勉强搞好一件事”。比如：There are much housework and I can just about manage. 家务活太多了，我勉强能干完。

If you’re one of those families, if you’re just managing, I want to address you directly.I know you’re working around the clock, I know you’re doing your best, and I know that sometimes life can be a struggle. The government I lead will be driven not by the interests of the privileged few, but by yours.

翻译：如果你属于一个这样的家庭，你的生活会捉襟见肘，而我的话正是对你们讲的。我知道你们全天无休地工作，我知道你们已经尽了全力，而且我也知道有时候生活非常艰难。我所领导的政府，将不是被特权人士的利益所驱动的，而是被你们的利益所驱动的。

赏析：①Address sb. 是一种比较正式的表达方式，意思是对谁讲正式的话，它的用法很广，比如女王给国会做演讲可以用它，一个人参加正式宴会的时候与人初次交谈也可以用它。

We will do everything we can to give you more control over your lives. When we take the big calls, we’ll think not of the powerful, but you. When we pass new laws, we’ll listen not to the mighty but to you.When it comes to taxes, we’ll prioritize not the wealthy, but you. When it comes to opportunity, we won’t entrench the advantages of the fortunate few.

We will do everything we can to help anybody, whatever your background, to go as far as your talents will take you.

We are living through an important moment in our country’s history. Following the referendum, we face a time of great national change.

And I know because we’re Great Britain that we will rise to the challenge. As we leave the European Union, we will forge a bold new positive role for ourselves in the world, and we will make Britain a country that works not for a privileged few, but for every one of us.

That will be the mission of the government I lead, and together we will build a better Britain.

翻译：我们将尽一切所能让你们能对自己的生活掌握更大的控制权。当我们考虑重大问题的时候，我们所想的不会是权贵，而是你们。当我们通过新法案的时候，我们所听取的不是豪强的声音，而是你们的。当我们探讨税收问题的时候，我们将把你们而不是富人作为第一考虑对象。当我们处理机会问题的时候，我们不会为那极少数的巨富挖壕沟。

我们将尽自己所能来帮助所有人，无论这个人的背景为何，我们都会帮他达到他的才能所能触及的极限。

我们正在经历这个国家历史上一个重要的时刻。在全民公投之后，我们的国家正在面临重大的变革。

而且我知道，因为我们是伟大的不列颠，所以我们定会直面挑战。在离开欧盟之后，我们会为自己在世界上塑造一个崭新而勇敢的积极形象，而且我们会将英国建立为一个所有人的国家（而非少数特权阶层的国家）。

这将是我所领导的政府的人物，而我们将同心协力建设一个更好的英国。

PASSAGE 2 米歇尔·奥巴马帮希拉里拉选票

Thank you all. Thank you so much. You know, it’s hard to believe that it has been eight years since I first came to this convention to talk with you about why I thought my husband should be president.

谢谢各位，谢谢。真是令人难以置信，八年就这样过去了。八年前，我第一次站在这个大会上告诉诸位，为什么我的丈夫应该成为总统。

Remember how I told you about his character and convictions, his decency and his grace, the traits that we’ve seen every day that he’s served our country in the White House?

大家还记得吗，我向你们介绍他的品质与信念，说着他的正派与慈悲，以及他在白宫为国操劳的每一天向我们展现的所有优点。

I also told you about our daughters, how they are the heart of our hearts,（与梅姨own our own home异曲同工） the center of our world. And during our time in the White House, we’ve had the joy of watching them grow from bubbly little girls into poised young women, a journey that started soon after we arrived in Washington.

我那时还向各位说起我们的女儿，说起她们是我们宝贝的心头肉，是我们眼里世界的中心。在白宫度过的这段时光里，我们欢欣地看着她们从热情活泼的小女孩长大为举止沉稳的年轻女性，这是一趟自我们抵达华盛顿之时就已开始的成长旅程。

When they set off for their first day at their new school, I will never forget that winter morning as I watched our girls, just 7 and 10 years old, pile into those black SUVs with all those big men with guns.And I saw their little faces pressed up against the window, and the only thing I could think was, what have we done?（对神态的细致刻画）

我永远不会忘记她们第一天出发去新学校的场景。那个冬天的早晨，我目送我们7岁和10岁的女儿钻进黑色的SUV车里，陪着她们的全是持枪的壮汉。我看着她们把小脸贴在车窗上往外张望，那时候我想到的唯一一件事是：我们这是做错了什么？

See, because at that moment I realized that our time in the White House would form the foundation for who they would become and how well we managed this experience could truly make or break them.

对，就是在那一刻，我意识到，在白宫的日子将会对她们的成长蜕变起到至关重要的影响。我们若能好好地应对这段经历，这段日子将会成就她们；如果不能，这些经历则会把她们带入歧途。

How we insist that the hateful language they hear from public figures on TV does not represent the true spirit of this country. How we explain that when someone is cruel or acts like a bully, you don’t stoop to their level. No, our motto is, when they go low, we go high.（短句）

我们坚持让她们相信，电视上那些公共人物说出来的满带恨意的话并不能代表这个国家真正的精神。我们向她们解释，有些人可能残忍而霸道，但这不意味着你可以堕落到与他们一样。绝不可以，我们的信条是，当别人往道德的低处走时，我们要继续向高处前行。

With every word we utter, with every action we take, we know our kids are watching us. We as parents are their most important role models. And let me tell you, Barack and I take that same approach to our jobs as president and first lady because we know that our words and actions matter, not just to our girls, but the children across this country.（递进式语气）

我们知道，父母的言行举止时时刻刻都被孩子们所关注，我们是她们最重要的榜样。我想告诉各位，巴拉克和我一直以同样的心态对待总统与第一夫人的工作。因为我们深知，我们所说的话，我们所做的事，不仅仅被自家孩子所关注，更同时被这个国家所有的孩子听到和看到。

And make no mistake about it, this November when we go to the polls that is what we’re deciding, not Democrat or Republican, not left or right. No, in this election and every election is about who will have the power to shape our children for the next four or eight years of their lives.

毫无疑问，今年11月我们去投票时，要做的就是这样一个决定，不是选择民主党或共和党，也不管左翼右翼之分。就同每一场选举一样，这场选举决定的是由谁来掌握一个大权，由谁来影响塑造孩子们生命中接下来的四年或八年。

And I am here tonight because in this election there is only one person who I trust with that responsibility, only one person who I believe is truly qualified to be president of the United States, and that is our friend Hillary Clinton.

今晚，我站在这里，因为在这场选举中，只有一个人,让我放心地将这个责任交付；只有一个人，我相信真正有能力胜任美国总统一职。这个人就是我们的朋友，希拉里·克林顿。

See, I trust Hillary to lead this country because I’ve seen her lifelong devotion to our nation’s children, not just her own daughter, who she has raised to perfection, but every child who needs a champion, kids who take the long way to school to avoid the gangs, kids who wonder how they’ll ever afford college, kids whose parents don’t speak a word of English, but dream of a better life, kids who look to us to determine who and what they can be.

我坚信希拉里能够领导这个国家，因为我见证了她以一生奉献予这个国家的孩子们，不仅仅是她那被栽培得近乎完美的女儿，更包括每一个需要保护的孩子——保护每一个需要走长长的路上学的孩子不受到犯罪团伙的伤害，帮助那些困惑于为何自己负担不起大学费用的孩子、那些自己的父母并不懂得说一句英语但自身梦想过上更好生活的孩子、那些等待着我们去决定他们的未来的孩子。

You see, Hillary has spent decades doing the relentless, thankless work to actually make a difference in their lives, advocating for kids with disabilities as a young lawyer, fighting for children’s health care as first lady, and for quality child care in the Senate.

如你们所见，希拉里在几十年间一直任劳任怨地工作，为的是真正地使孩子们的生活有所不同。当她是个年轻律师时，她就为残障儿童的权益发声；后来她成了第一夫人，她为孩子们的医疗保障奔忙；在国务卿任上，她依然在为孩子们争取高质量的保育环境。

And when she didn’t win the nomination eight years ago, she didn’t get angry or disillusioned. Hillary did not pack up and go home, because as a true public servant Hillary knows that this is so much bigger than her own desires and disappointments. So she proudly stepped up to serve our country once again as secretary of state, traveling the globe to keep our kids safe.

并且，八年前她竞选失利之后，她并不恼怒，也没有灰心丧气。希拉里没有打包走人，因为作为一个真正的公共利益服务者，她懂得这份事业比个人的欲望与失望重要得多。所以，她又挺身而出，以国务卿的身份为我们的国家服务，为孩子们的安全走遍全球。

And look, there were plenty of moments when Hillary could have decided that this work was too hard, that the price of public service was too high, that she was tired of being picked apart for how she looks or how she talks or even how she laughs. （虚拟语气+排比）But here’s the thing. What I admire most about Hillary is that she never buckles under pressure. She never takes the easy way out. And Hillary Clinton has never quit on anything in her life.

很多时候希拉里都可以抱怨她的工作有多难，为人民付出的代价有多大，自己的外貌或言语甚至笑容时刻被人指责有多心累。可是，我最佩服她的一点，就是无论面对多大的压力，她都不会垮掉，也从来不会偷懒。在她的世界里，永无放弃可言。

I want someone with the proven strength to persevere, someone who knows this job and takes it seriously, someone who understands that the issues a president faces are not black and white and cannot be boiled down to 140 characters.

我想要一个真正有能力坚持下去的人，一个了解这份工作、严肃对待它的人，一个懂得总统面对的问题不是非黑即白，也不能短短归结为140个字的人。

Because when you have the nuclear codes at your fingertips and the military in your command, you can’t make snap decisions. You can’t have a thin skin or a tendency to lash out. You need to be steady and measured and well-informed.

因为当核武器的发射密码就在你指尖，并且手握着整个国家军队的时候，你不可以做出轻率的决定。你不能死要面子，也不能一戳就发火。你必须运筹帷幄、深思熟虑、见识广博。

I want a president with a record of public service, someone whose life’s work shows our children that we don’t chase fame and fortune for ourselves, we fight to give everyone a chance to succeed.

我心目中的总统，要有从事公众服务的纪录，用毕生工作向孩子们证明，我们奋斗的目标不是追名逐利，而是让每个人都有成功的机会。

And we give back even when we’re struggling ourselves because we know that there is always someone worse off. And there but for the grace of God go I.

就算当我们苦苦挣扎的时候，也要回报这个社会，因为总有人的生活比你还艰难。我们没吃他们的苦，是因为上帝眷顾。

I want a president who will teach our children that everyone in this country matters, a president who truly believes in the vision that our Founders put forth all those years ago that we are all created equal, each a beloved part of the great American story.

我想要的总统，应当告诉孩子们，我们国家的每一个人都很重要。他要深信国父们数百年前的理念，人人生而平等，每一个人都是伟大美国历史珍视的一部分。

And when crisis hits, we don’t turn against each other. No, we listen to each other, we lean on each other, because we are always stronger together.

当危机到来时，我们绝不分崩离析。我们互相倾听，相互扶持，因为团结才会让我们更加强大。

You see, Hillary understands that the president is about one thing and one thing only, it’s about leaving something better for our kids. That’s how we’ve always moved this country forward, by all of us coming together on behalf of our children, folks who volunteer to coach that team, to teach that Sunday school class, because they know it takes a village.

她懂得作为一个总统，最主要的任务就是一件事，要为孩子们争取更美好的未来。为了孩子而团结起来，我们的国家就是这样不断进步的。不论是志愿做学生队教练的人，还是去当主日学的教师，他们都明白，培养下一代，需要整个国家的力量。

Heroes of every color and creed who wear the uniform and risk their lives to keep passing down those blessings of liberty, police officers and the protesters in Dallas who all desperately want to keep our children safe. People who lined up in Orlando to donate blood because it could have been their son, their daughter in that club.

不同肤色和信仰的英雄们穿上制服，冒着生命危险将自由的福祉传承下去。在达拉斯，警察和抗议者们都在拼尽全力地呼吁保护孩子们的安全。在奥兰多，人们排着队献血，因为他们知道，那晚在酒吧的也可能就是他们的孩子。

That is the story of this country, the story that has brought me to this stage tonight, the story of generations of people who felt the lash of bondage, the shame of servitude, the sting of segregation, but who kept on striving and hoping and doing what needed to be done so that today I wake up every morning in a house that was built by slaves. And I watch my daughters, two beautiful, intelligent, black young women playing with their dogs on the White House lawn.

这就是我们国家的故事，是这个故事让我今天站在这里。在这个故事中，曾有世世代代的人遭受着压迫和束缚，被奴役的耻辱和被隔离的痛苦。但是他们始终怀揣着希望，不息地抗争，所以今天的我才能每天在由奴隶建造的白宫里醒来，看着我的女儿们，两个美丽聪敏的黑皮肤少女，与狗在白宫的草坪上嬉戏。

So in this election, we cannot sit back and hope that everything works out for the best. We cannot afford to be tired or frustrated or cynical. No, hear me. Between now and November, we need to do what we did eight years ago and four years ago.

所以在这次选举中，我们不能坐视着希望最后的结果是最好的，我们承受不起疲倦、沮丧或愤世嫉俗的代价。听我说，从现在起到十一月份，我们要像8年前或4年前那样，为之付出行动。

So let’s get to work. Thank you all and God bless.

让我们行动起来吧。谢谢大家，上帝保佑。

（补充：这场演讲一结束，外媒都是这样夸的：

Michelle Obama could be Hillary Clinton's ace in the hole 米歇尔或成希拉里的最后王牌

The First Lady is a powerful surrogate to Clinton 米歇尔是希拉里强有力的代言人

Michelle’s speech brought down the DNC house

米歇尔的演讲博得满堂喝彩（快把民主党全国代表大会的屋顶给掀了）

Michelle Obama’s Speech of a Lifetime Turns Convention Around for Hillary Clinton

米歇尔这场终身难遇的演讲把整个大会的人们都团结到了希拉里身旁

再看看这些用词：

stirring 震撼人心的 emotional 情感饱满的 incredible 不可思议的

stunning 令人惊叹的 epic 史诗般的 blockbuster 轰动的

speech for ages 千载难逢的演讲 showstopper 因太精彩而屡次被掌声打断的演讲

她的这场演讲让群众激动万分（electrifies crowd），全场都坐不住了（get the crowd on their feet），整个大会的人都被感动得热泪盈眶（move the Democratic convention to tears）

二、小说欣赏

PASSAGE 1 《外国小说选读》里《桥边的老人》（有删改）

An old man with steel rimmed spectacles and very dusty clothes sat by the side of the road. There was a pontoon bridge across the river and carts, trucks, and men, women and children were crossing it. The mule-drawn carts staggered up the steep bank from the bridge with soldiers helping push against the spokes of the wheels. The trucks ground up and away heading out of it all and the peasants plodded along in the ankle deep dust. But the old man sat there without moving. He was too tired to go any farther.

翻译：一个戴钢丝边眼镜的老人坐在路旁，衣服上尽是尘土。河上搭着一座浮桥，大车、卡车、男人、女人和孩子们在涌过桥去。骡车从桥边蹒跚地爬上陡坡，一些士兵在帮着推动轮辐。卡车嘎嘎地驶上斜坡就开远了，把一切抛在后面，而农夫们还在齐到脚踝的尘土中踯躅着。但那个老人却坐在那里，一动也不动。他太累，走不动了。

生词：steel [sti:l] n.钢铁; 兵器 adj.钢制的; 坚强的

rim [rɪm] n.圆边，圆框 vt.环绕边缘; 镶边;

spectacle [ˈspektəkl] n.眼镜; 奇观

mule [mju:l] n.骡子

drawn [drɔ:n] adj.疲惫的; 憔悴的 v.拉; 拖

stagger [ˈstægə(r)] vi/vt.蹒跚; 动摇; 犹豫 n.摇晃; 摇摆不定;

spoke [spəʊk] n.轮辐; （车轮的） 辐条

peasant ['pesnt] n.农夫; 佃农

plod [plɒd] vt.沉重地走 n.踏步声

He did not look like a shepherd nor a herdsman and I looked at his black dusty clothes and his gray（=grey）dusty face and his steel rimmed spectacles.

"And you have no family?" I asked, watching the far end of the bridge where a few last carts were hurrying down the slope of the bank.

"No," he said, "only the animals I stated. The cat, of course, will be all right. A cat can look out for itself, but I cannot think what will become of the others."

翻译：他看上去既不像牧羊的，也不像管牛的。我瞧着他满是灰尘的黑衣服、尽是尘土的灰色面孔，以及那副钢丝边眼镜。

“你没家？”我问，边注视着浮桥的另一头，那儿最后几辆大车正匆忙地驶下河边的斜坡。

“没家，”老人说，“只有刚才讲过的那些动物。猫，当然不要紧。猫会照顾自己的，可是，另外几只东西怎么办呢？我简直不敢想。”

生词：shepherd [ˈʃepəd] n.牧羊人，牧师 vt.放牧; 照看;

herdsman [ˈhɜ:dzmən] n.牧人;

Lush grasslands beckoned the herdsman. 肥沃的草地吸引了牧人。

slope [sləʊp]n.斜坡; 斜率;

He looked at me very blankly and tiredly, and then said, having to share his worry with someone, "The cat will be all right, I am sure. There is no need to be unquiet about the cat. But the others. Now what do you think about the others?"

"If you are rested I would go," I urged. "Get up and try to walk now."

"Thank you," he said and got to his feet, swayed from side to side and then sat down backwards in the dust.

"I was taking care of animals," he said dully, but no longer to me. "I was only taking care of animals."

There was nothing to do about him. It was Easter Sunday and the Fascists were advancing toward the Ebro. It was a gray overcast day with a low ceiling so their planes were not up. That and the fact that cats know how to look after themselves was all the good luck that old man would ever have.

翻译：他疲惫不堪地茫然瞅着我，过了一会又开口，为了要别人分担他的忧虑，“猫是不要紧的，我拿得稳。不用为它担心。可是，另外几只呢，你说它们会怎么样？”

“要是你歇够了，我得走了。”我催他，“站起来，走走看。”

“谢谢你。”他说着撑起来，摇晃了几步，向后一仰，终于又在路旁的尘土中坐了下去。

“那时我在照看动物。”他木然地说，可不再是对着我讲了，“我只是在照看动物。”

对他毫无办法。那天是复活节的礼拜天，法西斯正在向埃布罗挺进。可是天色阴沉，乌云密布，法西斯飞机没能起飞。这一点，再加上猫会照顾自己，或许就是这位老人仅有的幸运吧。

生词：get to one’s feet 站起来

sway [sweɪ] vi.摇摆; 歪，倾斜

The people swayed back and forth with arms linked.人们手挽手，前后摇晃着.

PASSAGE 2 《外国小说选读》里《桥边的老人》（有删改）

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