Name Number Score 2012届高二英语总复习高二学案语法部分：虚拟语气虚拟语气（the subjunctive mood），又称假设语气，是谓语动词的一种形式，表示说话人叙述的内容与事实相反，在现实中并不存在，或实现的可能性很小。一、动词的语气语气用来区别讲话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。英语中的语气(mood)有三种，分别是陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。1. 陈述语气: 陈述语气一般用来叙述事实或就事实提出询问，主要用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。e.g. 1) Where there is a will, there's a way.2) Can you help me carry the box upstairs?3) How I missed the life in the countryside!2. 祈使语气: 祈使语气表示说话人向对方提出请求或下达命令。e.g. 1) Come this way, please!2) Don't make any noise, will you?3) Do be careful when crossing the street.3. 虚拟语气: 虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。e.g. 1) If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.2) I wish it were spring all the year round.3) May good luck be yours!二、条件句中的虚拟语气英语中条件从句有两类，一类是真实条件句，另一类是非真实条件句。如果假设的情况可能发生，是真实条件句；如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。A．真实条件句真实条件句表示的假设是可能发生或实现的，主句和从句的谓语动词都要用陈述语气。e.g. We shall go there unless it rains tomorrow.B．非真实条件句在含有非真实条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语动词都要用虚拟语气，其构成有三种形式：1.与现在事实相反if条件句的谓语：were/did 主句的谓：would (couldshouldmight) + doe.g. If I were you, I should go and try.2．与过去事实相反if条件句的谓语：had done 主句的谓：would(couldshouldmight) + have donee.g. If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have telephoned you.3．与将来事实相反if条件句的谓语：did/were 主句的谓：should do/ would (couldshouldmight) + do /were to doe.g. If he were here tomorrow, I would speak to him.C．省略if的条件句在书面语中，非真实条件句中有were, had, should时，可以省略if，而把were, had, should放在主语前，用倒装结构。e.g. 1) Were it necessary, I might go without delay.（= If it were necessary......）2) Had you taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed in the exam.（= If you had taken my advice......）3) Should I have time, I would call on her.（= If I should have time......）D．错综条件句1

高中英语虚拟语气整理