第八讲　构词法

李仕才

读语篇，悟语法。反复朗读下列短文，领悟画线黑体部分。思考：画线的单词有什么特点？各种前缀如何用？各种前缀表示什么意思？单词加了前缀后词性有没有变化？

John and his father never agree on one thing, so they often disapprove[1] of each other, for there was some misunderstanding[2] between them. Once, John and his parents went to his aunt’s home for dinner. When they left after dinner, John said “Bye－bye！” to his aunt in a low voice. However, his father didn’t hear it and he thought John misbehaved[3] himself for it was impolite[4] to leave without saying goodbye.John insisted that he did say it, but his father didn’t listen to him. From then on, John was unfriendly[5] to his father, which made his father extremely unhappy[6]. Undoubtedly[7], it is unwise[8] of John to do so. After all, they are father and son. His father sent him to a class of manners to enrich[9] his knowledge of manners, which his father believed would enable[10] him to be a good－mannered boy. John’s father said he was angry at his son’s dishonesty[11]，which would certainly endanger[12] his future. His father’s nonstop[13] nonsense caused John much discomfort[14]. John had to go to the class. Later on，he did everything against his father’s will.

1.dis－表示“相反或否定”意义的前缀。approve赞同→disapprove不赞同，反对。

2 mis－表示“错误或否定”意义的前缀。understand理解→misunderstand误解，misunderstanding是其名词形式。

3.mis－表示“错误或否定”意义的前缀。behave表现得体→misbehave行为不端。

4.前缀im－通常加在以字母p开头的形容词前，表示“不、非”的意思，polite有礼貌的→impolite没礼貌的；而同是表示“不、非”的前缀－il常加在以字母l开头的单词前；前缀－ir则常加在以字母r开头的单词前。

5～8.前缀un－通常加在形容词或副词的前面，表示“不、非”的意思，friendly友好的→unfriendly不友好的，happy开心的→unhappy不开心的。

9～10.前缀en－通常加在形容词前面，表示“使……”的意思，rich丰富的→enrich使丰富，使充实；able能够→enable使能够。一般的前缀不会改变词性，但前缀en－会改变所加的单词的词性。

11.dis－表示“相反或否定”意义的前缀。dis－可以加在名词的前面，honesty诚实→dishonesty不诚实。

12.前缀en－也可以加在名词前面，表示“使……”的意思，danger危险→endanger危及。

13.前缀non－构成形容词、副词和名词，表示“无、没有”的意思。

14.dis－表示“相反或否定”意义的前缀。dis－可以加在名词的前面，comfort舒服→discomfort不舒服。

Ⅰ.单句填空(用所给单词的正确形式填空)

1. I was supposed to arrive at the airport on time.Unfortunately (fortunate), I was held up by the heavy traffic jam.

2. Therefore, when they become older they are unable(able) to do any other kind of work.

3. Very early the next morning, amazingly, we got completely satisfied in a totally unexpected(expect) way.

4. I won’t do the purchase because the price of this dress is unreasonable(reason).

5. Job applicants(apply) need to show their ability to be both organized and flexible in taking on many tasks at the same time.

6.All facts are the source of conclusions(conclude).

7.However, most scientists(science) agree that EQ has a lot to do with education(educate).

8.Excellent oral and written communication(communicate) skills in Chinese and English are of importance(important).

9. Fresh fruits and vegetables can provide much of our daily requirement(require).

10. It is your freedom(free) to do what you want after class.

11. As is known to us all, the Entrance Exam is a great competition,__and the students are competitors.(compete)

12. I am so thankful(thank) to you for your help.

13. He gave me some constructive(construct) suggestions.

14. A jury’s decision in a court case must be absolutely objective(object).

15. He devoted much money to building schools in mountainous(mountain) areas.

16. Unfortunately, my car broke down on a muddy(mud) road.

17. Everyone should play his part in building a harmonious(harmony) society.

18. The mysterious(mystery) letter sent from Taiwan made the professor lost in thought.

19. To make myself relaxed,__I would do some relaxing exercise after work. (relax)

20. All the children felt discouraged when they heard the discouraging news. (discourage)

21. We apologized (apology) for the late departure of this flight.

22.The article can lengthen (long) out a little by adding some examples.

23.His illness worsened (worse) during the night.

24.Letting that animal escape was no accident; you did it intentionally(intention).

25.The black people were against slavery and fought for their freedom bravely(brave).

26.Our products are sold worldwide (world).

27.He went out of the office hurriedly (hurry) to run after her.

28.I lost my balance and fell backward (back).

29.They live in the western(west) part of the village.

30.It’s very important to eat healthily(health).

Ⅲ.单句改错(下列每句中有一处错误，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改，请指出并改正。)

1.A difficult person will be easier to cooperate if understand is achieved.understand→understanding

2.The actually reasons for this phenomenon are the subject of a very heated discussion.actually→actual

3.It’s surprised what people will do for money.surprised→surprising

4.When facing danger, one should keep calmly.calmly→calm

5.Are you being completely honesty about your feelings？honesty→honest

6.I was thrilling to be invited.thrilling→thrilled

7.Hopeful, we’ll arrive before dark.Hopeful→Hopefully

8.I felt extreme upset, and I couldn’t believe my mother refused to help the animal.extreme→extremely

9.Was she telling me the true or trying to cheat me？true→truth

10.In this increasingly competitive world, we are supposed to enrich ourselves constant to keep in pace with the modern society.constant→constantly

Ⅲ.语篇填空(阅读下列短文，用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空)

A father sat at his desk looking at and carefully studying his 1.________ (month) bills when his young son rushed in and announced, “Dad, because this is your birthday and you’re 55 years old, I’m going to give you 55 kisses, one for each year！” But the father exclaimed, “Oh, Andrew, don’t do it now; I’m too busy ！”

The youngster immediately fell 2.________ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.3.________ (apologetical) the father said, “You can finish later.”

The boy said nothing but 4.________ (quiet) walked away，5.________ (disappoint) written over his face. That evening the father said, “Come and finish the kisses now, Andrew！” But the boy didn’t respond.

6.________ (fortunate), the boy had an accident and was drowned. His heartbroken father wrote，“If only I could tell him how much I regret my 7.________ (thought) words, and could be assured that he knows how much my heart is aching. ”

Love is a two－way street. Any loving act must be 8.________ (warm) accepted or it will be taken as 9.________ (reject) and can leave a scar. Nothing is more 10.________ (importance) than responding with love to the cry for love from those who are near and precious to us.

【语篇导读】　一个小孩在父亲55岁生日时想给父亲55个吻，但这位父亲因太忙叫儿子等以后有空再吻，几天后这个小男孩不幸溺水身亡，父亲伤心欲绝。故事告诫我们，对于那些在我们身边对我们弥足珍贵的人来说，用爱去回应他们爱的渴望，这是最重要的。

1.monthly　[在名词前作定语用形容词，表示“每月的”填monthly。]

2.silent　[在系动词fell后作表语用形容词。]

3.Apologetically　[修饰谓语动词作状语用副词。]

4.quietly　[修饰谓语动词作状语用副词。]

5.disappointment　[后面有过去分词短语，应是名词与过去分词短语构成独立主格结构。]

6.Unfortunately　[修饰全句作状语用副词，溺水身亡是“不幸地”。]

7.thoughtless　[在名词前作定语用形容词，根据文意，加表示否定意义的后缀－less。]

8.warmly　[修饰谓语动词作状语用副词。]

9.rejection　[在介词后作宾语用名词。]

10.important　[在系动词is后作表语用形容词。]

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