第二讲代词、介词

(一)代　词

[全析考法]

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give______ a try.

解析：it/running　根据句意可知，此处表示“我们都应该尝试着跑跑步”，故填代词it，指代上文的running，此处也可直接填名词running。

2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find________ (they) alive.

解析：them　人称代词作宾语时，要用其宾格。空格前面是动词find，空格处应用宾格，故填them，指代上文的gorillas。

3．(2018·6月浙江高考)Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap ________ can be to eat out.

解析：it　此处应用it作形式主语，动词不定式短语to eat out为真正的主语。

4．(2017·6月浙江高考)“She thought I had hurt ________ (I)，”says Pahlsson.

解析：myself　句意：Pahlsson说：“她以为我伤到了自己”。根据前面的主语I可知，此处要用反身代词作宾语。

5．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)On my recent visit, I held a lively three­month­old twin that had been rejected by ________ (it) mother.

解析：its　句意：在最近的一次参观中，我抱着一对可爱的、三个月大的双胞胎大熊猫中的一只，这只大熊猫被它的妈妈遗弃了。此处应该使用形容词性物主代词its作定语，修饰名词mother。

6．(2015·广东高考)Mr.Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children.He owned a farm ...Now it occurred to ________ that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.

解析：him　“it occurred to sb.＋that从句”表示“某人突然想到”，此处指Mr.Johnson突然想到发生在他身上的事情，所以填him。

7．(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)Then the driver stood up and asked, “Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？” A woman on the bus shouted，“Oh dear! It's __________ (I)．”

解析：me/mine　根据上文语境可知，此处的It如果指前面的suitcase的话，那么此空需要使用名词性物主代词mine，表示“那个箱子是我的”；如果指前面的anyone的话，那么此空需要用I的宾格形式me，表示“是我在上一站丢失了手提箱”。

8．(2014·辽宁高考)Raise your leg and let ________ stay in the air for seconds.

解析：it　句意：抬起你的腿让它在空中停几秒钟。此处填it指代前面出现的“your leg”。

9．(2014·广东高考)Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation.Some of my friends who had been there before said ________ was a wonderful holiday destination.

解析：it　从空格后的“a wonderful holiday destination”可知，这个地方就是Miami，故填it指代前面提到的地点。

Ⅱ.单句改错

1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I had done myself homework, but I was shy.________________

解析：myself→my　此处表示我已经完成了我的家庭作业。my是形容词性物主代词，作 homework的定语，myself不作定语。

2．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)About one month after this photo was taken, I entered my second year of high school ...This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.________________

解析：your→my　此处意为“这张照片常常让我想起我高中时的许多快乐的记忆”，故应该使用代词my。

3．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books.

________________

解析：your→our　根据前面的主语we可知，此处要用our，表示“我们能够开阔我们的视野”。

4．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)At first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself.________________

解析：yourself→myself　根据前面的I可知，此处指“我自己做决定”，故应用myself。

5．(2016·四川高考)When he came back, I found a bunch of flowers in her hand.________________

解析：her→his　由前面的“When he came back”可知，这束花是在“他的(his)”手里。

6．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)We must find ways to protect your environment.If we fail to do so, we'll live to regret it.

________________

解析：your→our/the　依据前后句的语境及逻辑关系可知，前面的主语是we，句中的your与上下文相悖，应当改为our/the才能使句意通顺。

7．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Five minutes later, Tony saw parents.

________________

解析：saw后加his　根据语境及英语表达习惯，应当在parents前加上与主语Tony相一致的物主代词his。

8．(2015·四川高考)As I told you last time, I made three new friends here ...but I'm afraid I'll lose their friendship.What do you think I should do? If you were me, would you talk to him？________________

解析：him→them　根据上文可知，此处指作者交的三个新朋友，故用them。

9．(2015·浙江高考)Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them.________________

解析：them→it　a beautiful park为单数，故应用it指代前面的单数可数名词park。

[谨记规则]

(一)人称代词、物主代词与反身代词

1．基本用法

2．反身代词的习惯用法

(二)it的用法

1．it的基本用法

2.it作形式主语或形式宾语

2020高考英语新创新一轮复习语法第一部分第二讲代词、介词学案（含解析）北师大版