一、 副词的类型

副词的类型

副词大体上可以分为下面几类：

时间副词adverbs of time

地点副词 adverbs of time

方式副词 adverbs of manner

程度副词 adverbs of degree

强调副词 emphasizing adverbs

疑问副词 interrogative adverbs

连接副词 conjunctive adverbs

关系副词 relative adverbs

句子副词 sentence adverbs

其他副词

时间副词

时间副词有三类：

表示发生时间的副词：

I haven’t seen her recently.

It’s beginning to rain now.

常见的这类副词如：

表示频繁程度的副词，也称频度副词 （adverbs of frequency）：

He visits me occasionally.

I rarely met him.

这类副词常见的有：

还有一些其他表示时间的副词：

Nancy was up early.

He just had an operation.

常见的这类副词有：

地点副词

有不少表示地点的副词：

She is studying abroad.

They moved downtown.

还有一些与介词同形的副词，有时称作副词小品词（adverb particles），如：

这类副词和介词同形，带宾语时为介词，否则为副词：

介词 副词

A cat climbed the tree. Stand up.

He jumped off the horse. The bird flew off.

Don’t stand so near the train. He lived quite near.

还有另外一些地点副词，表示地区范围，如：

We have no shops locally.

The president’s speech was broadcast nationally.

常见的这类副词有：

此外，以where构成的副词也很常用:

Let’s go anywhere where it’s quiet.

He lives somewhere in the neighborhood.

The flowers are blooming everywhere.

方式副词

英语中有大量的方式副词，说明行为的方式：

He was obviously very nervous and for some minute stood awkwardly before the microphone.

The film vividly shows the stark realities of life for the poor and hungry.

下面是一些-ly 结尾的这类副词：

还有一些表示情绪的副词:

The boy confidently puffed out his chest.

She eagerly embraced the offer of a trip to Europe.

下面是一些常见的这类副词：

还有一些以-ly 结尾的副词，表示动作发生的情况，如：

The process was controlled automatically.

They trafficked in smuggled goods openly.

常见的这类副词有：

大部分方式副词都由形容词加-ly 词尾构成，但也有少数副词不是这样构成的，如：

He spoke impromptu. 他即席做了演讲。

She was to fly solo the next day.

程度副词和强调副词

程度副词可以修饰动词，表示“到某种程度“，如：

I’m extremely disappointed in him.

He loved his mother dearly.

这类副词常有的有：

这类副词还可以修饰形容词（a），或其他副词（b）：

a. fairly simple 相当简单 highly confidential 高度机密的

awfully sorry 非常抱歉 rather difficult

utterly unreasonable 极不合理 perfectly clear 十分清楚

b. fairly smoothly 相当顺利地 wonderful well 好极了

run pretty fast 跑得相当快 do it very quickly

act quite right 做得完全对 react somewhat differently 反应有些不同

强调副词和程度副词很相近，有些就是成都副词。他们主要对所修饰的动词（a）或形容词（b）加以强调：

a. He knew absolutely nothing.

His attitude simply amazes me.

b. You’re entirely wrong.

The food is just wonderful.

这类副词主要是：

much 是一个特殊的成都副词，它可以：

a. 修饰动词（特别是用在否定句中）：

She didn’t talk much.

I don’t much like the idea.

b. 修饰形容词等：

I’m not much good at singing.

I’m very much afraid that she won’t come.

c. 和形容词或副词的比较级或最高级连用：

You sing much better than me.

Their house is much nicer than ours.

d. 和how, so, too 等词连用：

She is much too busy to see visitors.

He would so much like to go.

better, worse, best, worst 等也可用作程度副词：

Perhaps they like you better than me.

The wind was blowing worse.

Every bird likes its own nest best.

It’s the old and the poor who suffer worst when subsidies are cut.

疑问副词、连接副词和关系副词

疑问副词：

疑问副词用来引起一个特殊疑问句：

how:

How is the word spelt?

How did you climb to the top of that building?

Where:

Where did she get the news?

Where are you going for your holidays?

When:

When did that happen?

When did you last see Margaret?

Why:

Why should you be so interested in my affairs?

Why were you late?

连接副词：

连接副词的意思和词形都和疑问副词一样，但在句中引起一个从句或不定式：

How:

This is how we became acquainted.

How all this happened was mystery.

He doesn’t know how to use the computer.

Tell me how to spell it.

Where:

I don’t know where he lives.

It’s no business of yours where I spend my summer.

I can’t decide where to go for my holidays.

When:

Tell me when you’ll be ready.

When she’ll be back depends much on the weather.

Tell me when to use this construction.

Why:

That’s why I came here.

Why he did it will remain a puzzle forever.

Tell me why you did it.

关系副词：

关系副词引起一个（关系）从句作定语：

Where：

We then moved to Paris, where he lived for six years.

That’s the hotel where we stayed last summer.

When:

The Queen’s last visit was in May, when she opened the new hospital.

At the time when I saw him, he was well.

Why:

The reason why he came is not very convincing.

That is the reason why I came so early.

句子副词

有些副词并不修饰动词，而是修饰整个句子，反映说话人的看法，例如：

Frankly, I’m afraid your mother will be a little disappointed.

Honestly, I don’t know.

Luckily, she was in when I called.

Surprisingly, she has married again.

这类副词常见的有：

有少数副词可以和enough连用，起同样作用：

I thought it would rain, and sure enough it did.

Oddly enough I had no doubt that he would be glad to see me.

Interestingly enough, this proportion has not increased.

一些其他类型的副词

除了上面这些副词之外，还有一些其他类型的副词，例如：

表示方向的副词：

Let’s go inside.

Take two steps forward.

He looked backwards.

这类副词常见的如：

与上文连接的副词（这类副词使句子与上文联系更紧密）：

The rain was heavy------consequently the land was flooded.

They therefore removed him from his position.

Nevertheless, she decided to act.

Besides, I want you to promise me one thing.

这类副词为数不多，但很有用，可以使上下文更加连贯。

还有一些表示“方面”的副词（即表示“在------方面”，“------上”）：

They suffered economically as a result of that policy.

I feel morally obliged to help them.

She was far beneath him socially.

常见的这类副词有：

一、副词的类型