2019-2020年中考英语必知语法复习：比较since和for

Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。

　　例如：

　　I have lived here for more than twenty years.

　　我住在这儿二十多年了。

　　I have lived here since I was born.

　　我从出生起就住在这儿了。

　　注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。

　　I worked here for more than twenty years.

　　(我现在已不在这里工作。)

　　I have worked here for many years.

　　(现在我仍在这里工作。)

　　注意：用句型转换的方法，很容易排除非延续动词在有for/since结构的完成时中的误用。

　　1)(对) Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.

　　2)(错) Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.

　　显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.

Since 和 for 的用法

　　表示过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态常用的时间状语有：for, since, how long, so far, these days等。

　　Since+过去点的时间，for+一段时间（数词+量词），此划线部分用how long提问。

　　一、since短语或从句表示过去的动作延续至今，since之后的时间为一点。 如：

　　Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. 1984年以来，史密斯先生一直在这工作。

　　He’s learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college. 他上大学以来大约学了五千个英语单词。

　　二、for短语表示动作延续多长时间，for的宾语为时间段。 如：

　　We have known each other for twenty years. 我们认识有二十年了。

　　I haven’t seen her for a long time. 我好久没有见到她了。

　　练习：用since和for填空

　　1) ______ two years 2) _______ two years ago 3) _______ last month

　　4) ______ 1999 5) _______ yesterday 6) _______ 4 o’clock

　　7) ______ 4 hours 8) _______ an hour ago 9) _______ we were children

　　10) _____ lunch time 11) ______ she left here

　　1. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last.

　　2. I’ve known him __________ we were children.

　　3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years.

　　4. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years.

　　5. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.

　　2.短暂性转换延续性

　　①arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw.

　　→ be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there

　　1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.

　　He ________ _________ _________ Beijing for _________ _________.

　　2) I moved to the USA last year.

　　I ________ ________ __________ the USA since __________ __________.

　　3) I went home yesterday.

　　I _______ ________ _________ home for _________ __________.

　　4) They came here last week.

　　They _________ _________ here since _________ __________.

　　②come/go back, return → be back come/go out → be out

　　1) He came out two years ago.

　　He _________ __________ _________ for __________ __________.

　　2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday.

　　We ________ ________ _________ to Fuzhou since __________.

　　③become → be

　　1) I became a teacher in 2000.

　　I ________ __________ a teacher for _________ _________.

　　2) The river became dirty last year.

　　The river _________ _________ dirty for _________ __________.

　　④close → be closed open → be open

　　1) The shop closed two hours ago.

　　The shop ________ _________ _________ for _________ _________.

　　2) The door opened at six in the morning.

　　The door ________ ________ ________ for six hours.

　　⑤get up → be up die → be dead

　　leave sw. → be away from sw.

　　fall asleep/get tot sleep → be asleep

　　finish/end → be over marry → be married

　　1) I got up two hours ago.

　　I ________ ________ ________ since ________ ________.

　　2) He left Fuzhou just now.

　　He _______ ________ ________ _________ Fuzhou for five minutes.

　　3) My grandpa died in 2002.

　　My grandpa _______ _______ ________for _______ ________.

　　4) The meeting finished at six.

　　The meeting ________ ______ ______ for six hours.

　　5) I got to sleep two hours ago.

　　I ________ _________ _________ since _________ __________.

　　6) They married in 1990.

　　They ________ _________ __________since _________.

　　⑥start/begin to do sth. → do sth. begin → be on

　　1) I began to teach at this school in 1995.

　　I ____ ____ at this school since ____.

　　2) The film began two minutes ago.

　　The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____.

⑦borrow → keep lose → not have buy → have put on → wear

　　catch/get a cold → have a cold get to know → know

　　1) They borrowed it last week.

　　They _________ _________ it since __________ __________.

　　2) I bought a pen two hours ago.

　　I _________ _________ a pen for ________ __________.

　　3) I got to know him last year.

　　I _________ __________ him since __________ __________.

　　4) I put on my glasses three years ago.

　　I __________ __________ my glasses for _________ _________.

　　⑧have/has gone to → have been in

　　1) He has gone to Beijing.

　　He ____ ____ _____ Beijing for two days.

　　⑨join the league/the Party/the army

　　→ be a league/a Party member/a soldier

　　→ be a member of the league/the Party

　　→ be in the league/the Party/the army

　　1) He joined the league in 2002.

　　He ________ _________ a _________ _________ for two years.

　　He ________ __________ a __________ ___________ the __________ for two years.

　　He ____________ ___________ ___________ the league for two years.

　　2) My brother joined the army two years ago.

　　My brother __________ __________ a ___________ for ___________ ___________.

　　My brother ___________ ___________ in ____________ ___________ for two years.

　　3.汉译英

　　1）这本字典我已买了三年了。

　　2）他离开中国三年了。

　　3）我认识他们五年了。

　　4）他们已去了美国五年了。

　　5）自从他搬到福州，他就住这儿了。

　　6）他们已经结婚10年。

　　7）我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。

　　8）这会已开了多长时间了？

　　9）这门已经关了两天了。

　　10）我入团2年了。

　　I __________ ___________ ___________ two years ago.

　　I __________ ___________ a ___________ ___________ for two years.

　　I __________ ___________ a ___________ of __________ _________ for two years.

　　I __________ ___________ ____________ the __________ for two years.

　　11）自从1999年以来他们就认识。

　　12）我来到农场已5年了。

　　4.划线提问

　　1) I have been there for two days.

　　__________ _________ __________ you __________ __________ ?

　　2) My father has lived here since 2000.

　　_________ _________ __________ your father _________ __________?

　　3) He left here yesterday.

　　_________ ________ he _________ __________?

　　4) They bought a book two hours ago.

　　__________ ___________ they __________ a book

2019-2020年中考英语必知语法复习：比较since和for