高中英语浅析完成句子命题走向和难点及失分原因

发布时间:2019-03-28 05:05:16

浅析英语完成句子命题走向和难点及失分原因

一、命题走向分析

       08年湖北英语高考完成句子难度(0.37)虽然在07年(0.20)的基础上作了很大调整,但依然是各大题型中难度最大的。

       08年高考完成句子去掉07年高考中一些词汇搭配题目,如:34. Last night, John was answering the letters that          (寄给他的) during the past two weeks.(arrive); 36. She has an excellent          (对名字的记忆力), which helps her quite a lot in her work.( memory); 40. It is possible that the King of Stonehenge was linked to the stones: he         (可能参与) in planning the monument, or in helping transport and pull up the stones.(hand), 变为纯句法结构的考查,给关键词由071--2个变为一个,降低了汉语提示的长度和难度,英语答案的总词数由07年的50多个降到0830多个,答案的扩散和增补情况得到较好的控制,利于高考评分操作。

       预计09高考完成句子命题会加大题目的语境控制,答案更加精确客观。考查目标主要围绕以动词为中心的句法结构和惯用句型进行。因此,考生复习重点要对准围绕句法结构展开的时态语态、比较结构、情态动词、非谓语动词、强调倒装、常用虚拟语气、三大从句、常用惯用句型和it的用法。

二、失分原因分析

       失分原因是多方面的。一方面是新题型实施不久,考生还没有完全适应;另一方面是题目的主观能动性较强,要求考生具有很熟练的实际动手的应用能力,而且考查内容均为句子的核心部分,往往是考生最容易出错的地方。根据评分原则,如果关键结构错了就全盘皆输,即使结构正确,也容易出现拼写、信息添加或遗漏等失误导致扣分。考生在审题过程中要务必细心,将题干的英语情景部分和汉语的空缺部分以及所给的关键词有机结合起来考虑。

       笔者通过对平时学生训练的观察和高考完成句子试题分析,发现考生失分的主要原因在于句子结构知识掌握不牢,容易受英汉表达思维差异的影响。如, 写作中通常出现类似这样的句子:There were a lot of students took part in the tree planting activity. We are very glad that our teacher is going to teach us swim.

下面结合高考,具体谈谈影响得分的主要症结。

1 惯用句型识别不清

【高考试题】

1They sat together around the table, with          (门关着),(shut)(07);

2________(我花了)one thousand dollars to buy the painting last week.cost)(08)。

        1题考查“with + 复合结构作状语,答案为the door shut,这个结构课本中出现频率很高,其中的复合宾语可以是过去分词、现在分词和不定式等,在句中可用作状语和定语,但有些考生平时不注意分析它的结构特征和用法,使用起来混淆不清。如:with a dog leading the way, the police are searching for the muederer. 句中为什么是leading 而不是led / to lead? 2句考查it 作形式主语的句型,答案为It cost me. 很多考生审题不能将汉语提示和英语部分结合考虑, 也没有考虑到cost的主语不能是人,其过去时和过去分词均为cost, 所以才出现I cost, I costed等错误。

        惯用句型是完成句子的热点之一,考生学习中要注意分析和掌握常用句型。

【练习例题】

1. _______(碰巧)I was in the building when the fire broke out. Funfortunately I was unhurt. (happen)

2. Modern tecknology has ________(使我们有可能)to communicate with each other anytime and anywhere. (make)

3. “________(只要努力),and you’ll succeed”Our teacher often says to us. (hard)

2、复合宾语结构混淆

【高考试题】

—You’d better go and ________(把你的轿车洗洗).

—No, I’ll do it myself. wash)(08

       本题考查常用结构have sth. done,答案have your car washed. “have”作为使役动词,其复合宾语搭配有have sth done; have sth / sb doing; have sb. do等。考生务必弄清其和意义和用法。类似的使役动词还有make, let, leave等; 此外还有感官动词see, watch, notice…+ sb / sth + do /doing的用法和区别都是高考完成句子的重中之重。

【练习例题】

4. The speaker raised his voice to _____(使别人听见). (himself)

5. The poor boy is often ________(被迫学习)until late into the night. (make)

6. Though it was so late, I could still hear ________(那女孩朗读英语)in the next room. (read)

3、语态表达差异牵制

【高考试题】

1He believes that children _____ (应允许……学习) at their own pace.(allow)07

2At present, lots of food, water, tents, and medicine ______(正在运往)from all over China and other parts of the world to the earthquake-stricken areas.transport)(08

       1题考查情态动词的被动语态,答案为should be allowed to study;第2题考查进行时态的被动语态,答案为are being transported. 这两题均考查被动语态,但题目中有意识的不提, 考生要注意判断。有时汉语不提字,不等于英语不使用被动;相反汉语习惯用被动时,英语却习惯不用被动。

【练习例题】

7. We all think his good deed is ________(值得表扬). (worth).

8. The mother didn’t know who ________(该受责备) for the broken window. (blame)

9. Though the book is not well written, it ________(很畅销). (sell)

10. The patient whose left leg was broken ________(正在做手术). (operate)

4、语序表达习惯冲突

【高考试题】

1With the rapid development of science and technology, I can’t imagine ______(我的家乡会是什么样子)in ten years.what)(08

2Seldom ______(他们玩)video games ever since they entered college.play)(08

        1题考查宾语从句中的语序,答案为what our hometown will look like; 2题考查倒装结构的用法,答案为have they played.

        语序习惯不同是历来高考的焦点之一。考生尤其要注意英语中与汉语思维相冲突的表达方式。

【练习例题】

11. Though we are much better off now, few people can afford ________(如此贵的)house. (so)

12. Tom hasn’t shown up yet. ________(你认为什么)has happened to him? (think)

13. It’s nearly twelve o’clock. ________(我想他不会来了). (think)

14. ________(尽管他年轻), he has gone through a great deal. (as)

5、语气表达形式影响

【高考试题】

1I feel so sick. I wish Mum ______(没有逼我)to eat so much.force)(08

2He looks sleepy. He must ______(熬夜了)last night, writing the essay.stay)(08

       1题考查wish后的虚拟语气用法,答案为hadn’t forced me. 从语境判断,force动作应该是过去发生过的,根据英语语法规则,表达与过去相反的愿望用过去完成式。第2题考查情态动词must表示对过去事情的推测的语气。答案为must have stayed up.

       英语中(虚拟)语气形式与汉语不一样,是通过动词的不同形式表示的。如情态动词表示过去的推测,虚拟条件句的动词形式,表示建议、命令、要求等的动词后面的动词形式都是有差别的。

【练习例题】

15. Many coal mine accidents _______(本来可以避免的)if we had    followed the strict safety rules. (avoid)

16.   Look what mistakes I’ve made. If only I _____(听你的劝告). (follow)

17. He didn’t work hard. Otherwise he _____(就已经通过考试了). (pass)

18. The teacher treats her _____(好像她是他女儿). (as if)

6、比较对象偷换缺失

【高考试题】

The factory’s output of cars this year is ______ (大约是去年的三倍).(as, great) 07

        本题考查倍数比较结构的用法。答案为about three times as great as that of last year. 很多考生忽略了答案中的that of, 原因是受汉语提示习惯的影响,而忽视了英语不该省略的成分。结果偷换了比较对象,把output last year相比。

        有时汉语省略的东西,英语却不能;而英语省略的东西,汉语往往不省略,考生需要提防此类错误。

【练习例题】

19.   In summer,the temperature of Wuhan is _____(比广州高得多). (high)

20.   His mobile phone is more expensive _____(比任何别的人). (else)

高中英语浅析完成句子命题走向和难点及失分原因

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