insist /suggest后宾语从句语气变化

先请用下列句中所给动词的恰当形式填空：

　　1. He insisted that he _____(go)with us. 他坚持要和我们一起走。

　　2. She insisted that she _____(need) no help. 她坚持说她不需要帮助。

　　3. He suggested that we _____(have) a meeting. 他建议我们开个会。

4. Mark Twain suggested that an ingredient _____(be) missing in the American ambition…

马克吐温认为，美国式的理想抱负中缺少一个组成部分……

　　答案应是：　1. （should） go   2. needed   3. （should） have   4. was

　　很明显：1、3题用的是虚拟语气； 2、4题用的是陈述语气。

　　同是insist 和suggest作谓语，为什么其后的宾语从句有的用虚拟语气，有的用陈述语气呢？这与这两个动词词义的选择和语气的变化有关：

一． 当insist作“坚持要”、“一定要”、“坚决主张”、“坚持要求”解时，接that从句（从句的动作为将要发生之事），谓语多为should型的虚拟语气，即：主语+should(可省略)+动词原形，其后的宾语从句应该用虚拟语气，这时宾语从句所叙述的情况还未成事实，仅仅是主句主语的主观愿望。

如例1. “ He insisted that he should go with us.”句中的“he should go with us”仅仅是主语he的愿望要求，尚非事实；

（1）He insisted that we (should) accept these gifts.他一定要我们收下这些礼物。

（2）Jane insisted that he be present.简坚持要他出席。

但当insist作“坚持认为事实上…”“坚持说，硬说,坚决认为（多与别人的观点不同）…是事实”解时，接that从句（从句的动作为已发生之事），从句使用陈述语气宾语从句所叙述的通常是客观事实，或主句主语的观点、看法，即他认为事实如此。而例句2中的“she needed no help”则是主语she的观点、看法，即她认为事实是这样（例句：She insisted that he was wrong.）。

（1） She insisted that he was wrong.她坚持认为他错了。

（2） He insisted that he had done right.他坚决认为自己做对了。

区别主要还是在于insist 在句中所表达的意思。还可用于“insist on/upon+名词或代词或动词-ing形式”结构中，如：

He insisted on/upon my going with him.他坚持要我跟他一起去。（=He insisted that I [should] go with him.）

I insist on seeing it.我一定要见到它。（=I insist that I see it.）

　　二．当suggest 作“建议”解时，其后的宾语从句应该用虚拟语气，宾语从句所叙述的情况还没有成为事实，仅仅是“建议”而已；但当suggest作“指出、表明”解时，其后的宾语从句就应该用陈述语气，这时，宾语从句叙述的通常是既成事实，或主句主语认为如此。如上例句4中的宾语从句：“an ingredient was missing in the American ambition”则是Mark Twain认为已经实际存在的情况。

　　所以，insist和suggest后的宾语从句是用虚拟语气还是陈述语气，应该从两个方面进行判断：

一． 词义。

当insist解作“坚持要”、“一定要”时，宾语从句用虚拟语气，这时宾语从句的谓语动词用should加动词原形，should可以省略；

当它解作“坚持认为事实上…、坚持说…是事实”时，宾语从句用陈述语气，根据上下文该用什么时态就用什么时态；

当suggest 作“建议”解时，宾语从句用虚拟语气，这时宾语从句的谓语动词也是用should加动词原形，should可以省略；

当它解作“指出、表明”时，宾语从句用陈述语气，其谓语根据上下文该用什么时态就用什么时态。

　　二．宾语从句所叙述的如果是主句主语的主观愿望、要求、意见，宾语从句用虚拟语气；如果宾语从句叙述的是主句主语心目中的客观情况或主句主语表明的是事实，那么，宾语从句用陈述语气。

　　现在请再填空：

　　1. She insisted that we _____(stay) there for another week.

　　2. He insisted that Xiao Yang _____(not be) to blame.

　　3. He insisted that three years _____(not be) enough for one to become a good interpreter.

　　4. He suggested that the doctor _____(send) for at once.

　　5. Her expression suggested that she _____(be) angry.

　　6. He suggested that China _____ (need) younger and more revolutionary cardres who are better educated and more competent.

　　答案： 1. (should) stay      2. (should) not be   3. was not

　　4. (should) be sent   5. was             6. needed

1. They insisted on______another chance to try.

A.given B.giving C.being given D.to be given

2.I insisted he ____back the wallet to the lady, but he insisted he___it.

A.handed;didn’t steal B.hand;hadn’t stolen C.hand;not steal D.handed;hadn’t stolen

3.He insisted that the earth _____around the sun.

A.went B.goes C.goes D.should go

4.The mother insisted that her child ___still alive and that she ___to the hospital at once.

A.was;was sent B.was;be sent C.should be;should be sent D.be; be sent

5.Little Tony insisted that his mother___him to school.

A.send B.sent C.sends D.send in

6.He insisted that his plan ______carried out at once.

A.would be B.could be C.was D.should be

7.I insisted that he____at once.

A.leave B.left Cleaves D.leaving

8.She insisted that she____somebody in the house.

A.should hear B.heard C.hear D.was heard

9.My teacher insisted that we____the phrases.

A.remembered B.would remember C.should remember D.had remembered

10.The doctor insisted that I _____more fruit and vegetables.

A.took B.had taken C.would take D.take

11.My English teacher insisted that the exercises _____very difficult and that we___it carefully.

A.were;must finish B.be;finish C.were; finish D.be finished

12.He insisted that he____really very tried and that he___to have a rest.

A.was;be allowed B.was; must be allowed

C.should be; must be allowed D.should be; be allowed

13.The guard at the gate insisted that everybody____the rules.

A.obeys B.obey C.will obey D.would obey

答案：1.B 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.A 6. D 7. A 8.B 9. C 10. D 11. C 12. A 13.B

虚拟语气用在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。
order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do 
  I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
  He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.

 注意： 如suggest, insist不表示"建议" 或"坚持要某人做某事时"，即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时，宾语从句用陈述语气。
  The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules. 
 判断改错:
 （错） You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill. 
  (对)  Your pale face suggests that you are ill.
  (错)  I insisted that you ( should) be wrong.
  (对)  I insisted that you were wrong.

insist suggest后宾语从句语气变化