英语名词使用规则
发布时间:2017-07-23 17:27:56
发布时间:2017-07-23 17:27:56
英语名词使用规则
第一部分:听力训练
Ⅰ.听句子,选择与其意思相符的图片。
第二部分:基础知识强化训练
【概念】表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念等的名称的词。
可数名词复数的构成规则:
一. 规则复数变化
1.多数在词尾加-s
2.以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词加-es e.g. match—matches
3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,改y为i,再加-es e.g. story—stories
4.以f,fe结尾的名词,一般把f,fe改为v,再加-es e.g. leaf—leaves
5.以o结尾的名词,元o加-s ,辅o加 -es e.g. hero—heroes 但 piano和photo除开
二.不规则变化
①名词单复数同形 e.g. sheep, deer, fish
②单词拼写中变化元音字母 e.g. man—men tooth—teeth
③有些是用-en做词尾构成复数形式 e.g. child—children ox—oxen
④表示某国人的单词,单复数形式分为三种:
A.单复数相同 a Chinese—five Chinese
B.词尾加-s an American—seven Americans
C.变-man为-men an Englishman—ten Englishmen
三.名词复数词尾加-s或-es的读音规则
1. 在清辅音后读作/s/ desks/desks/ map/mæps/
2. 在元音、浊辅音后读作/z/ miles/mailz/ seas/si:z/
3.在摩擦音和破擦音之后发/iz/ oranges
【 可数名词和不可数名词】
①可数名词:其所表示的事物可以用数来计算,前面可用不定冠词a,an和数词,有复数形式
②不可数名词:其所表示的事物不可以用数来计算,前面不能用不定冠词a,an和数词,没有复数形式。需表示数量时, 表示量的词或短语
a piece of 一片,一块 a cup of一杯 a bottle of一瓶 a bag of一袋
1、 只用于可数的名词
个体名词一般是可数的。单数可数名词不能独立使用,前面必须有限定词a,an,the,my等;但复数名词可以独立使用e.g. 她做作业时,经常出差错。
错: She often makes mistake in her homework.
对: She often makes a mistake in her homework.
对 : She often makes (some) mistakes in her homework.
2、 只用于不可数名词
物质名词、抽象名词一般是不可数名词
e.g. How much meat, fish and bread do you want?
3.既可以用于可数也可以用于不可数的名词
一些名词看做个体时为可数名词,看做物质或空间时为不可数名词
e.g. How many chickens have they got? 她们有多少只鸡?(个体)
Would you like some chicken? 你要吃点鸡肉吗?(物质)
e.g. Leave a space after that word. 在那个词后面留个空。(个体The moon is quite near in space. 在太空中月亮离我们很近。(空间) 一些不可数名词在表示某些特殊意义时,可以用作可数名词
e.g. I want an evening paper.我要一张晚报。
It’s a pleasure to meet you.见到你是件高兴的事。
4、集体名词的可数与不可数
1)表示无生命的集体名词通常是不可数的
e.g. They wear very little clothing.他们衣服穿得很少。
注:hair泛指头发/fruit泛指水果等,是集体名词,不可数;如果指单个的则是个体名词 e.g. Go and have your hair cut.去把头发理一理。
He has a few white hairs.他有几根白头发。
2)有些有生命的集体名词,复数词尾不加s,而谓语动词用复数形式
e.g. The Chinese people are very friendly.中国人民很友好。
注:当people意为“民族”时,单数前加不定冠词a,复数后加s; policeman指具体某个警察时为个体名词,可数的。
5、有的集合名词,有时作单数看,谓语用单数;有时作复数看,用复数。一般来说,视为整体时作单数看,提及它的成员时作复数看。
e.g. His family isn’t large.他家不大。(指整个家庭,作单数看)
His family are all music lovers.(指家庭成员,作复数看)
名词的格
一.名词所有格的构成法
1.在单数名词和不以s结尾的复数名词后面加“’s” e.g. my mother’s room the children’s
book 以s结尾的单数名词后面加“’”或“’s”均可 e.g.my boss’/boss’s office
2. 以s结尾的复数名词后只需加“’” e.g. the ladies’ room 复合名词的所有格,是在后面的一个名词后加“’s”
e.g. an hour and a half’s talk his brother-in-law’s photo
3.如果一样东西为几个人所共有,则在最后一个名词后加’s;如果不是共有,则在每个名词后都加’s
e.g. These are Tom and Jack’s books.(两个人共有)/These are Tom’s and Jack’s books.
二.名词所有格的用法
A.名词所有格主要用于表示人或有生命的名词 所属。
B.用于由人组成的集体名词e.g. the Party’s call党的号召 也可用于一些表示无生命东西的名词后 ,用于表示时间的名词e.g. It’s about an hour’ s drive from here.
C、用于表示国家、城市等地方的名词 e.g. It’s the city’s finest park.
名词所有格所修饰词的省略
表示住处、店铺等地点名词常可省略
e.g. I’m going to my aunt’s tonight.(my aunt’s=my aunt’s house) 所有格所修饰的词,如刚刚提到则可以省略,以避免重复 e.g.—Whose seat is this? —It’s Mary’s.
表示所有关系的of短语的用法
用of短语表示所有关系,主要用于无生命的东西
e.g. the door of the room
有时of短语也可以用于表示有生命的东西
e.g. the son of an engineer
双重所有格的用法
双重所有格是一种表示部分概念或含有感情色彩的结构,它含有强调或者突出的作用,其结构是“of短语+名词所有格”,其含义是“其中之一”或“其中一部分” e.g. an old friend of my father’s=one of my father’s old friends 注:有时双重所有格与“of+名词”结构含义不同,
e.g. a picture of Li’s 李所有照片的一张
a picture of Li 李的一张肖像
He is a friend of your husband’s.他是你丈夫的一个朋友。(强调你丈夫的朋友不止一个)
He is a friend of your husband.他是你丈夫的朋友。
(强调他对你丈夫的友好)
一. 将下列名词变成复数形式。1. hero _________ 2. piano _________ 3. family _______ 4. knife _________5. bus _______
6. photo________ 7. potato _______ 8. sheep _______ 9. tooth______10. policeman ______
11. child ________ 12. postman ______13. watch ______14.house _______ 15.mouse_______
16. pencil-box ________ 17. wife ______18. Sunday ______19. city ______ 20. dress _____
21. Englishman ________ 22 match _______ 23. Chinese ________ 24. zoo ________
25. exam________ 26. German ______
二.请归类可数名词和不可数名词,将该单词的编号写在相应的位置上。
A.book B.milk C.rice D.bun E.soup F.water G.tea H.hamburger I.bread J.money
K.paper L.desk M.toy N.baby O.season P.egg Q.coffee R.computer S.tree T.meat
U.pork V.tooth W.room X.pen Y.beef Z.chair
1. 可数________________________________________________________
2. 不可数 ___________________________________________________
三.选择填空。
【】1. They come from different ______.
A.country B.countries C.a country D.countrys
【】2.How many ______ do you see in the picture ?
A.tomatos B.tomatoes C.tomato D.the tomato
【】3. I’d like a ____ for dessert. Fruit, you know, is good for health.
A potato B banana C candy D pie
【】4. She was very happy. She_____in the maths test.
A. makes a few mistake B. made a few mistakes
C. made few mistakes D. makes few mistake
【】5. _____are____for cutting things.
A. Knife/used B. Knives/used C. Knife/using D. Knives/using
【】6. remember to give the horse some tree___.
A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave
【】7. They got much ___ from those new books.
A. ideas B. photos C. information D. stories
【】8. When we saw his face, we knew___ was bad.
A. some news B. a news C. the news D. news
【】 9. He is hungry. Give him ___ to eat.
A. two breads B. two piece of bread C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads 【】10. Some ___ came to our school for a visit that day.
A. Germans B. Germen C. Germanies
【】11. September 10th is____in China.
A. Teacher's Day B. Teachers' Day C. Teacher Day D. Teachers Day
【】12.-Is the broom under ____ desk? -No, it's under____.
A. the teacher's; my B. teachers'; mine C. teacher's; me D. the teacher's; mine
【】13. Excuse me, where is the___?
A. men's room B.mens' room C. men's rooms D. men rooms
【】14. The football under the bed is____。
A.Lily and Lucy B. Lily's and Lucy's C. Lily's and Lucy D. Lily and Lucy's
【】15. This is my ____ dictionary.
A. sister MaryB. sister's C. sister, Mary's D. sister's Mary's
【】16. He went to ___ shop to buy a shirt.
A. a tailor B. the tailor C. a tailors D. the tailors'
【】17. Joan is____. A. Mary's and Jack sister B. Mary and Jack's sister
C. Mary and Jack sister D. Mary's and Jack's sister
【】18. In a few____ time, those mountains will be covered with trees.
A. year B. years' C. year's D. years
【】19. It's about ___ walk from my house.
A. ten minute B. ten minutes' C. ten minute's D. ten minutes
【】20.The post office is a bit far from here. It's about___.
A. thirty minutes's walk B. thirty minute's walk
C. thirty minutes' walk D. thirty minutes walk
【】21.June 1st is ____ Day all over the world.
A. Child’s B. Childs’ C. Children’s D. Childrens’
【】22.September 10th is ___ Day in China, isn’t it?
A. Teacher’s B. Teachers’ C. Teacher D. Teacher of
【】23.__ are made of ___.
A. Glass; glass B. A glass; glass C. Glasses; glass D. A glass; glasses
【】24.This is _______ news.
A. such a good B. a very good C. so good a D. such good
【】25.What ______ it is! Let’s go swimming.
A. a fine weather B. fine day C. a fine day D. bad weather
【】26.They like Chinese _____.
A. food and peoples B. foods and people C. foods and people D. food and people
【】27.Lucy and I go to school _____ every day.
A. on feet B. on foot C. by foots D. by buses
【】28–Are those _____? -No, they aren’t. They’ re _____.
A. sheep; cows B. sheep; cow C. sheeps; cow D. sheeps; cows
【】29. What are you listening to, Jane? ____ or ____?
A. a music; a news B. music; news C. music;news D. music;a news
【】30.How many ____ and ____ are there in your class?
A. boy student; girl ones B. girls students; boys ones
C. boys student; girl one D. girl students; boy ones