高中英语必修4第3单元单词及短语讲解

发布时间：2019-03-30 19:42:24

必修4第3单元单词及短语讲解

1. verb

verb []

1. 【语】动词[C]

Verbs may be inflected for person, tense, voice, and mood.

动词随着人称、时态、语态和语气的不同可能会有词形的曲折变化。

2. verbal

verbal []

1. 言辞上的;言语的,字句的

verbal skill 运用语言的能力

2. 口头的,非书面的

I wrote a memorandum to confirm our verbal agreement.

我写了份备忘录以确认我们的口头协议。

3. 逐字的,照字面的

This is a verbal translation of the prose. 这是那篇散文的逐字直译。

4. 【语】动词的,动词性质的

verbal forms 动词的形态

1. 【语】准动词,动词的非谓语形式(指不定式、分词和动名词)[C]

verbal test 口语测试
verbal thinking 言语思维
werbal translation 逐句翻译, 口译
verbal treatment 口头处理

verbal english or oral english 口头英语

non-verbal/nonverbal非口头的，书面的

如： non-verbal agreement非口头协议
“非语言交际”(Non-verbal communication)

3. mime

mime []

1. 笑剧;哑剧;模拟表演

2. 丑角;模仿演员

3. 手势动作

戏剧相关词汇英语翻译

tragedy 悲剧

comedy 喜剧
one-act play 独幕剧
opera 歌剧
farce 滑稽戏, 趣剧
(stage) play 话剧
Beijing opera 京剧
historical play 历史剧
puppet show 木偶戏
operetta 小歌剧
playwright 编剧, 剧作家
traditional theatrical pieces 传统剧目
director 导演
part, role 角色
plot 情节
character 人物
(one's) lines 台词
leading role (character) 主角
chief actress 女主角
chief actor 男主角
to play the role of ... 扮演（某一角色）
to put on a play 演出, 上演

4. farce

farce []

1. 笑剧;闹剧;滑稽戏[C][U]

2. 可笑的行为;滑稽荒唐的事情[C]

His show of grief was a farce.他竟然显出一副悲伤的样子简直滑稽。

The prisoner's trial was a farce.对该犯的审讯简直是一场闹剧。

5. slide

slide []

vi.

1. 滑,滑动

The boys amused themselves by sliding down the banister.

男孩们从楼梯扶手滑下以取乐。

2. 滑落;下落

The car slid into the ditch.

汽车滑进了沟里。

3. 不知不觉地陷入[(+into)]

Slide into 染上…..恶习；

He had slid into bad habits.

他不知不觉地染上了坏习惯。

4. 悄悄地走[(into/out of)]

Slide into悄悄地溜进去/来

Slide out of 悄悄地溜出去/走

She slid out of the classroom.

她从教室里悄悄地溜走了。

5. 【棒】滑垒

vt.

1. 使滑动,使滑行

He carefully slid the top off the box.

他仔细地将箱盖挪开。

2. 悄悄地迅速放置[O][(+in/into)]

He slid a pistol into his pocket.

他将一支手枪悄悄地放入口袋。

6. skin

skin []

1. 皮肤,皮[U][C]

I was caught in a shower of rain and soaked to the skin.

我正赶上一场阵雨,浑身湿透了。

2. (动物的)皮,毛皮;(果实等的)外皮,壳[U][C]

She peeled off the skin of a banana for the child.她替孩子剥掉香蕉皮。

3. 外衣,外壳;(液体表面的)薄层[U][C]

vt.

1. 剥...的皮;去...的壳

David is skinning onions in the kitchen.戴维在厨房里剥洋葱皮。

He skinned the fox.他剥去狐皮。

SkinHead（光头党）

1.He is wet to the skin.It————heavily.

A. must rain B. must be raining

他浑身湿透了,雨一定下得很大.

前半段是现在时,可以看出来是"现在"雨下的很大,所以后面要用现在正在进行时.

7. bump

bump []

vi.

1. 碰,撞[(+against/into)]

bump…into/against… 与…相撞；碰撞

The bus bumped into the car in front.巴士撞上了前面那辆汽车。

2. 颠簸着行进[(+along)]

The jeep bumped along the rough mountain road.

吉普车在崎岖的山路上颠簸行驶。

vt.

1. (使)猛击;(使)冲撞;撞伤

The room was dark and he bumped his head against the shelf.

房间一片漆黑,他将头撞到了架子上。

n.[C]

1. 重击;猛撞,碰撞

A bump on the head caused her amnesia.

她因头部撞了一下而得了健忘症。

2. (因碰撞而起的)肿块

I had a bump on my leg.我腿上有个肿块。

bump into , drive into , knock into , run into

撞进, 开进, 撞进(敲进), 跑进

8. cruel

cruel
a.
1. 残忍的,残酷的[(+to)]

His parents were killed in the cruel war,_______.

A, leave him an orphan B, leave him to be an orphan

C, leaving him an orphan D, to leave him an orphan

He is cruel to animals.
他对动物很残忍。
2. 令人痛苦的;刻毒伤人的;惨痛的
The death of their beloved son was a cruel blow. 他们的爱子之死是一个痛苦的打击。
It was a cruel lesson. 那是一个惨痛的教训。

If human beings had been a bit less greedy and cruel, more birds and animals could avoid dying out.

如果人类再少一点贪婪和残忍,更多的鸟儿和动物将会免于灭绝.

The cruel boss wouldn't_____his employees rest for a while during the business hours.

A. promise B. allow C. let D. permit

允许的意思 let sb. do sth
allow sb. to do sth.
promise 是许诺的意思
permit 是允许和ALLOW 的用法类似的

brutal和cruel的区别？

cruel〓一般用词，指行动或态度的残忍。
brutal〓指极端的残忍，强调无情或缺乏同情心，含不择手段的意味。

brutal
a.
1. 残忍的,冷酷的;野蛮的;粗暴的
It was brutal of him to do that. 他做那种事是很残忍的。

9. content

content []

1. 满足的,满意的;甘愿的[(+with)] [+to-v]

be content with 对….满足/满意

be/seem content to do 做…很满意/满足

She seems content to live with him.她似乎很满意与他生活在一起。

He was content with his work.他对自己的工作很满意。

He seemed content.他好像满足了。

vt.

1. 使满足[(+with)]

Her answer seemed to content him. 她的回答好像令他满意。

1. 满足[U]

content []

1. 内容,要旨[U]

The play lacks content.这出戏缺乏实质性内容。

2. 容纳的东西;具体内容[P]

Show me the contents of your suitcase.给我看看你手提箱里的东西。

The contents of the letter are secret.这封信的具体内容是不公开的。

4. (书刊等的)目录[P]

10. badly off

badly off

ph.

1. 境况不佳的,处境糟糕的

2. 穷困的,没钱的

I am quite badly off recently. 最近我经济上很拮据。

it is a great concern that the school is now ____ for experienced teachers.
A. badly in need B. badly off C. better off D. struggling

人们十分关注对于学校现在缺乏有经验的老师这件事。badly in need后面应该搭配of ，所以不对。

badly off 贫困，贫穷
better off 1.状况好的2.经济状况好的，富裕的
right off 立刻，马上 (= straight off)
well off 富裕
worse off 情况较差
be off离开
take off［飞机等］起飞；脱下
put off推延［时间］
hurry off匆忙离开...
turn off关掉...
get off下车
have /take/ask for a day off请假/离开一天
fall off从...掉下
give off发出［光、热、气味等］
keep off让开，不接近

11. astonish

astonish vt.使惊讶，使吃惊

We were astonished at the news of her sudden death.她突然去世的消息使我们震惊。

考点提要be astonished at sth对某事感到惊讶

I was astonished when I heard the hospital had burnt down.

当我听到那所医院被烧毁时，我大为惊讶

She was quite_________(astonish)at his behaviour.

答案：astonished
说明：astonished 用来修饰“人”，意为“感到震惊的”；astonishing用来修饰“事或物”，意为“令人震惊的”。

1. I felt___C__about the result of the maths exam.
A. worry B. to worry C. worried D. to be worried
2. He __C___at what he saw.
A. is astonished B. is astonish C. was astonished D. was astonish

3.___C___ no one has thought of this before.

A. I astonish that B. I am astonishing C. It astonishes me that D. It is astonished that

近义词辨析：amaze astonish surprise
都含有“使...惊异” 的意思,而且它们都是一般以事物或他人作主语, 以本人作宾语; 以本人作主语时用被动形式。
amaze强调“使惊异, 困惑”间或还有“惊叹, 佩服”的意思, 是意义很强的词, 如:
We were amazed at the ingenuity with which they solved their difficulties.
他们在解决困难中所表现的智慧使我们惊叹[佩服]。

be amazed at (by) 对...大为惊奇
be amazed to see 到[听到, 发现]...感到吃惊
be amazed to hear 看到[听到, 发现]...感到吃惊
be amazed to find 到[听到, 发现]...感到吃惊

amazed和amazing的主要区别：人作主语用amazed，表示“感到吃惊的”；事物作主语时用amazing，表示“令人吃惊的”
astonish表示“使人大吃一惊”、“几乎无法使人相信”, 但没有“惊叹”的意思, 如:
I was astonished at his rudeness.他的粗野使我大吃一惊。
surprise语气较上述两词弱, 只表示“出乎意外地惊异”, 如:
We were surprised at finding the house empty.
我们惊讶地发现房子是空的。

12. poverty

poverty[]

n.[U]

1. 贫穷,贫困

His family lives below the poverty line. 他的一家生活极端艰苦。

He lived in poverty. 他生活贫穷。

2.The man lived in poverty after his unemployment. 这人失业后就生活在贫困之中。

2. 贫乏,缺少[(+of/in)]

The article shows a poverty of imagination.这篇文章显得缺乏想像力。

His later stories are not interesting because of their poverty of imagination.

他后来写的故事因为缺乏想像力而枯燥乏味。

3. 不毛,贫瘠

4. 虚弱

When poverty comes in at the window, love flies out of the door. 贫贱夫妻百事哀.（贫困进门来，爱情飞窗外。）

You can't get rid of poverty by giving people money. 只是给他人金钱是不能（帮助他们）摆脱贫穷的。

It is we who are to blame the poverty because we used to produce children without limit.

要责怪的人正是我们自己，贫穷正是因为我们无限制出生人口。

all his life he has been struggling against poverty of the people in his country.

他毕生都在为他国家的人民的贫困问题作斗争.

13. particular

particular []

1. 特殊的;特定的;特别的

The teacher showed particular concern for the disabled child.

老师特别关心那个残疾儿童。

2. 特有的,独特的;异常的

Her particular way of smiling left a good impression on me.

她特有的微笑给我留下了美好的印象。

3. (过于)讲究的;苛求的,挑剔的[(+about/over)][(+wh-)]

be particular about讲究

be particular over讲究

She is particular about what she eats. 她过分讲究吃。

I'm not particular about my clothes; I don't mind what I wear.
我不怎么讲究我的衣服，我不在乎我穿什么。
He is very particular about his food. 他吃东西很讲究/挑剔。

The teacher told us not to be ( ) about food and clothes.
A. particular B. special C. strict D. original

本题应该选A. particular这里的意思是：挑剔的。此时不能用special.

常见短语：in particular（ = Particularly; especially）特殊地；尤其

4. 细致的,详细的

The witness gave us a particular account of what happened.

目击者把发生的事情详细地对我们说了一遍。

1. 个别的项目,细目[C]

The particular may have to be satisfied to the general.

为顾全总体个别的项目也许不得不放弃。

2. 详细情况[P]

I suppose the secretary knows the particulars of the plan.

我想那位秘书知道这一计划的详细情况。

3. 特点,特色[C]

14. entertain

entertain

(1) 用作动词，意思是“使某人快乐”，常用的短语entertain sb． with sth．

Could you entertain the children for an hour?你能哄孩子们玩一个小时吗?

He entertained us for hours with his stories and jokes．他给我们讲故事，讲笑话，让我们高兴了好几个小时．

(2) 用作“宴客，招待，款待某人(指在自己家中)”，常用的短语是entertain sb to/with/at sth．

I don’t entertain very often．我不常在家请客．

They often entertained their friends at weekends.他们常在周末招待朋友。

Bob and Liz entertained us to dinner last night．昨晚鲍勃和利兹设宴招待了我们．

(3) 名词形式是entertainment，意思是“娱乐，宴客，招待”．

He fell in the water，much to the entertainment of the children．他掉进水里，逗得孩子们乐不可支．

The local entertainments are listed on the newspaper．报纸上登有本地的娱乐活动．

15. entertaining

entertaining []

1. 使人得到娱乐的;使人愉快的;有趣的

Films should be entertaining.电影应该是有娱乐性的。

.Are you enjoying your dinner? Is it_________?
1.enjoying you 2.amusing you 3.entertaining you 4.give you pleasure

选第三个，意思是使你开心吗？ entertain指进行某种活动增加快乐，amuse指指把注意力从重要的事情上转移开。选第四个有语法错误，但改为giving you pleasure 也可。

16. charming

charming []

1. 令人高兴的;迷人的;有魅力的

a charming dress娇美的服装

a charming young lady迷人的年轻女士

I am your prince charming. 我是你的白马王子/意中人。
注释：prince charming 是固定用法，意思是：女子理想中的求婚者，意中人。

Mary is a ______(tall,young,beautiful,American charming,black)girl.

问学生括号内的形容词应该怎样排列?总结规律。

英语中多层定语的顺序可以这样归纳：
限观形龄色国材
读做：县官行酒谢国材。
限：限定词 fist ……
观：观点 beautiful nice……
形：形状 big round…… big在round前面
龄：年龄，新旧程度 old……
色：颜色 red……
国：国家 Chinese……
材：材质 wooden……

或者：美、小、圆、旧、黄，法国、木、书房。

17. tramp

tramp []

1. 脚步沉重地行走

We tramped through the wood. 我们吃力地走过了树林。

2. 踩,践踏

He tramped on the flowers.他踩着花了。

3. (长途)徒步行走

I have tramped all day.我已长途跋涉了一整天。

4. 漂泊,流浪

He tramped hither and thither.他到处流浪。

n. 流浪;流浪者

A tramp came to the door and asked for food. 一个流浪汉来到门前讨饭吃。

18. throughout

prep.
遍及, 贯穿

Soldiers have generally been men throughout history. 在历史上士兵通常是男性.

Good health, good luck and much happiness throughout the year.
恭祝健康、幸运，新年快乐。

Best wishes for the holidays and happiness throughout the New Year.
恭贺新禧，万事如意。
adv.
到处, 始终, 全部

through
prep.
穿过, 通过, 从开始到结束, 经由, 以

To wish you all the joy of Christmas and happiness all through the New Year.
adv.
从头到尾, 自始至终, 直达地, 彻底, 完全
adj.
直达的, 直通的

Most cats believe in human beings _____their lives
A during B throught C throughD while

多数猫在它们整个生命里都对人类不信任（怀疑）。

近义词辨析：throughout 、through

throughout:表示时间完全贯穿, 与through 相比,它更强调"完全,而且可以用于表示"空间"
比如:he complained that he did not sleep a wink throughout the night.
3.through:表示时间或空间穿过,通过,尤其表示时间从头到尾经过,比如:from September through November.

19. worn-out

wear out穿旧；穿坏；磨损；磨破；使人疲惫不堪

That hard work will wear you out.
那个重活会把你累倒的。
Driving for a whole day wear him out.
开一天车他累坏了。

1.Things______quickly from bad use.
A. give out B. wear out C. what to do

错误的使用方法会导致东西磨损加快。 wear out还有穿坏，用坏的意思。

2. Two pairs of shoes -----(wear)out when I climbed the mountain.

鞋子被穿破被动语态复数所以 were worn out

20. failure

failure []

、n.

1. 失败[U][(+in)]

He was doomed to failure.

他注定要失败。

Any man who is afraid of failure will never win! 害怕失败的人是永远不会成功的！

如果表示在某方面失败，要用介词in

He was doomed to failure in the exam. 他注定考试要失败。

2. 失败者;不及格者;失败的尝试(或经验)[C]

The new restaurant was a failure and soon closed.

那家新饭店经营无方,不久便关了门。

3. 衰退;故障[U][C]

She died of (a) heart failure. 她死于心脏衰竭。

4. 破产,无支付能力[C][U]

There were many bank failures during the depression.

经济萧条时期许多银行破产。

5. 【美】不及格[U][(+in)]

He was upset by his failure in the exam. 他因考试不及格而感到沮丧。

success comes from failure

failure在表示“失败的事或物”时，可用复数形式failures。
failure理解为抽象的“失败”概念。故作不可数名词理解。

21. overcome

v. 战胜, 克服, 胜过

原形过去式过去分词 overcome overcame overcome

Once this difficulty is overcome , other problems will be easy to solve.

攻下这一关，其他问题就好办了。

overcome difficulties 战胜困难
overcome one's shortcomings 克服缺点

常用短语

be overcome with
be overcome with liquor(酒；液体) 喝醉
We were overcome with joy. 我们喜出望外。
这里be overcome wirh 表示一种感觉，感受到……点击查看……

he is lacking in courage to overcome the difficulties.

If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, however great it is.

22. difficulty

difficult []

1. 困难的[+to-v]

做某事有困难：It's difficult to do sth

It's very difficult to swim across the Yangtze River.

游过长江很难。

某事对于某人来说有困难：sth is difficult for sb

Mathematics is difficult for some students. 有些学生觉得数学困难。

对于某人来说做某事有困难：It's difficult for sb to do sth

Mathematics is difficult for some students to learn well.

对于一些学生来说，学好数学是很难的。

2. 难相处的,不随和的

Mary was a very difficult child. 玛丽过去是一个很难弄的孩子。

3. 艰难的,难熬的

The most difficult days are over. 最困难的日子已经过去了。

23. boil

boil []

vi.

1. (水等)沸腾,开,滚

The water is boiling.水开了。

2. 煮熟

3. (沸腾似地)翻滚,起泡

The waves boiled around the ship.

船周围波涛汹涌起伏。

4. 激动,激昂

His rudeness made me boil with anger. 他的粗鲁使我发火。

vt.

1. 煮沸,烧开

2. 烹煮

She doesn't know how to boil an egg.她不会煮蛋。

3. 使激动,使发怒

1. 沸腾;煮沸

The milk has nearly come to the boil.牛奶快煮开了。

2. 翻滚

24. fortunate

fortunate []

1. 幸运的,侥幸的[+to-v][(+in)][+that]

It is fortunate that we can all meet tomorrow.

我们明天都能见面了,真是幸运。

He's fortunate in having a good job. 他真幸运,有份好工作。

I feel fortunate to have met them. 我觉得很幸运能见到他们。

2. 带来幸运的

He came at a very fortunate time. 他来得恰是时候。

That is a fortunate start. 那是个良好的开端。

In Africa, educational costs are very low for those who are ____ enough to get into universities.

A. ambitious B. fortunate C. aggressive D. substantial

在非洲，谁够幸运能进大学，学费是很很低的。

It was reported that only one passenger was fortunate to escape ___ in the plane crash.

A. killing B. to be killed C. being killed D. having killed

选C escape 后一般接from doing sth. 此句省略了from,且为被动语态，则选C

He was to buy so good a car at so low a price.

A. luck B. luckily C. fortune D. fortunate

易混词辨析：

先讲fortune与luck的区别。
fortune n.财富, 运气, 大量财产, 好运, 命运
luck n.运气, 好运, 幸运

You never know your luck. 你也许会走运的。

He has made _________ from his invention.
A. a huge fortune B. the huge fortune C. huge fortune D. an huge fortune

fortune作为“财富”的意思时是可数名词。make a fortune是个词组，意思是“发财”。
fortune作不可数名词时，意思是“运气”，如have good fortune（运气好）。

再讲fortunate与lucky的区别。
fortunate adj.幸运的, 幸福的
lucky adj.幸运的, 吉祥的, 侥幸的
He is a lucky dog. 他是个幸运的家伙。

现在论fortunately与luckily的区别。
fortunately adv.幸运地
luckily adv.幸运地

Luckily there was a doctor on the spot.
幸运的是现场有一位医生。
此两词乃fortunate和lucky的延伸副词，即“幸运地”的意思，意思相同，但是该注意的是fortunately有别于fortunate的本意。

fortunately与luckily无啥差别，fortunately听起来较有强调性罢了。

25. snowstorm

略

26. pick out

1. 挑选出;拣出

Let me pick out some good ones for you.

让我来替你挑几个好的。

2. 辨认出

It's easy to pick him out in a crowd because he is very tall.

很容易从人群中辨认出他,因为他个子很高。

Can you ___your brother from that group of people?
A. pick up B. choose C. pick out D. select

选C，pick out意为“在许多人或物中看出、辨别出…”，正合句义。

Pick up

1. 拾起

The boy picked up the hat for the old man. 男孩替老人拾起了帽子。

2. 收拾

You should pick up the tools after work. 工作结束后应该把工具收拾好。

3. 学到;获得

He was picking up the skills quickly.

他正在很快地掌握技术。

4. 【口】与...偶然结识(常指与异性调情)，偶然认识

We picked up a couple of girls at the pub last Friday.

上星期五我们在酒吧结识了几个女孩。

5. "（车、船）等在半路上搭人

Now let's figure out whose car will stop to pick us up．让我们确定一下谁的车能中途捎上我们。

6. 有起色；生意好起来

The hotel business always picks up in summer．旅馆的生意总是在夏季开始好起来。

7. 听见；看见

The dog's sense of hearing is so sharp that it can pick up the sound from afar．狗的听觉很敏锐，它能听到遥远的声音。

8. 加快速度

The train picked up speed．火车加快了速度。

9. 跌倒后）使（自己）爬起

He slipped and fell，but quickly picked himself up．他滑倒了，但很快爬了起来。

10. 逮住，捉牢

The police picked up the criminal．警察逮住了那个罪犯。

11. 接收

I’d like to listen to VOA program but sometimes I can’t _____ on my radio．
A．pick up it B．pick it out C．pick it up D．look for it

上海市 2003 年春季高考试题中有这样一道题：

He _________ some French while he was away on a business trip in Paris.

A. made out B. picked up C. gave up D. took in

本题答案为 B .本题主要考查动词词组的用法。 pick up some French 意为： begin to learn it without taking lessons or studying.

巩固练习：

1. I can _________ up the programme __________ my radio.

A. pick； in B. pick； on C. take； from D. make； in

2. Under good treatment， Linda is beginning to ________ and will soon recover.

A. pick up B. wake up C. grow up D. show up

3. Without proper lessons， you could ________ a lot of bad habits when playing the piano.

A. keep up B. pick up C. catch up D. draw up

4. While working in the country， the students __________ a great deal of knowledge on plant life.

A. looked B. picked up C. put up D. called up

5. I had not only ___________ the purse but also the person who had lost it.

A. picked up B. found out C. noticed D. found

27. lace

略

28. cut off/down/up/out/in/back

cut down
1. 削减
He tried to cut down on smoking but failed. 他试图少抽烟,但没成功。
2. 缩短
Cut down the article so as to make it fit the space available on the paper.
把文章缩短一些,这样就能排进报纸有限的版面中。
3. 砍倒

cut up
1. 切开;切碎
Cut up the carrots before you put them into the pot. 把胡萝卜切碎后再放进锅内。
2. 抨击
The article was severely cut up by some critics. 那篇文章曾受到一些评论家严厉的抨击。

cut off
1. 切除
He had a finger cut off by a machine while working. 他在工作时被机器切掉了一个手指。
2. 切断;中断
I was cut off on my line to London. 我打伦敦长途时,电话线被切断了。
3. 使死亡
He was cut off in his prime. 他在壮年时过世。

cut out 切掉, 裁剪出, 取代, 停止

cut in v. 插嘴, 插入, 把...插进

cut back v. 修剪, 削减, 急忙返回, 倒叙

29. bottom

bottom []

1. 底;底部;下端[C]

The bottom of the cup is broken. 这杯子的底破了。

2. 屁股,臀部[C]

3. (海、河的)底部,水底[the S]

4. 最低下的部分,底层[the S]

The apples at the bottom of the basket are smaller.

篮子底部的苹果较小。

I want to thank you from the bottom of my heart
发自内心深处的感谢/从心底感谢的意思

5. 远端,尽头[the S] [(+of)]

6. 起点;原因[the S] [(+of)]

We will get to the bottom of the mystery.我们将揭开这个谜。

7. (汽车等的)最低档[U]

8. 吃水线以下的船体[C]

9. 低洼地[P]

10. 持久力,耐力[U]

a.[Z]

1. 最低的;最后的,最下的

The bottom layer is a mixture of sand and clay.

最下面的一层是沙和泥的混合物。

30. chew

vt.
1. 嚼,咀嚼,嚼碎
He chews gum. 他嚼口香糖。
2. 深思,细想,熟虑[(+over)]
I'll chew the problem over for a few days. 这个问题我会仔细思考几天。
He chewed over the problem for several days before making his decision.
他对这个问题详细考虑了好多天才作出决定。
vi.
1. 咀嚼[(+on)]
He can't chew on food without his false teeth. 他没有假牙就嚼不动。
2. 深思,细想[(+on/upon)]
He took my offer after chewing on it. 仔细考虑后他接受了我的提议。

31. mouthful

mouthful []

1. 满口;一口;少量[C][(+of)]

I took only a mouthful of food and then left.

我只吃了一点儿东西就走了。

A mouthful of rice to eat, things may be done one by one. 饭得一口一口吃，事得一件一件办。

The primary purpose of education is not to teach you to earn your bread, but to make every mouthful sweet.——James Angel

教育最主要的目的，不是教你懂得如何谋生，而是使每个人生活得更香甜。——安吉儿

32. enjoyment

略

33. direct

direct []

vt.

1. 将(注意力、谈话等)指向;针对[O][(+to/at)]

His remarks did not directed at you.他的话不是针对你的。

2. 指挥;主持;管理

She personally directs the operations of the company.

她亲自指挥公司的运作。

3. 命令;指示

Direct sb to do sth 命令某人去做某事

His boss directed him to cancel the meeting.

他的老板指示他取消这次会议。

4. 导演;指挥(演奏)

Chaplin directed the film.卓别林导演这部电影。

5. 给...指路;指点[(+to)]

Would you please direct me to the zoo?

请问去动物园怎么走?

6. 将...寄给[(+to)]

He directed his letter to the dean's office. 他把信寄给了主任办公室。

vi.

1. 指导,指挥

1. 径直的,笔直的

He took a direct flight to New York.他直飞纽约。

2. 直接的[Z]

She is in direct contact with the general manager.

她与总经理直接联系。

3. 直截了当的;率直的

He avoided a direct answer.他避免直接回答。

4. 恰好的;正好的

Her opinions are the direct opposite of mine. 她的意见与我的截然相反。

5. 直系的,嫡系的[Z]

ad.

1. 笔直地;直接地;直达地

He went direct to the airport.他直去机场。

34. star

vt.

1. 用星形物装饰

2. 用星号标出

3. 使成明星,由...主演

Yesterday we saw a film starring Charlie Chaplin.

昨天我们看了一部查理·卓别林主演的电影。

vi.

1. 当明星,主演

She has starred in （担任主角；主演）some thirty films.

她主演过大约三十部影片。

2. 表现出色

He didn't star at that job. 那份工作他干得并不出色。

n.[C]

1. 星,恒星;(日、月等)天体

2. 星形物;星号

3. (表示等级等的)星级;星形勋章

While in Taipei she stayed at a four star hotel.

她在台北逗留期间住在一家四星级旅馆。

4. (电影、体育等的)明星,杰出人物

His wish to become a football star has come true.

他想当足球明星的愿望实现了。

35. outstanding

1. 显著的;杰出的;重要的

She is an outstanding actress.她是一个杰出的演员。

2. 未偿付的, 未决定的

Outstanding debts; a long outstanding problem.

有待偿还的债务；长期悬而未决的问题

in an outstanding manner or to an outstanding degree.

以突出的方式或者到了突出的地步。

36. costume

costume []

1. 服装,装束[U][C]

He changed his costume for the party.他换了衣服去参加晚会。

I'm in my sleeping costume. 我穿着我的睡衣

2. 戏装[U][C]

Millie wears a special costume ____ a mask and plays a trick _____ Wendy at the party
A. with, at B. with, on C. for, with D. on, with

3. 尤指(女子)套装[C]

vt.

1. 给...穿上服装

She costumed a historical play. 她曾为一出历史剧设计服装。

2. 为...提供服装;为...设计服装

易混词讲解：

suit一般是指比较正式一点的套装，像男式西服；
,dress dress女装;连衣裙衣服;(特定的)服装(如民族服装,礼服等)；

costume指女套装; 还指演出用的服装。

37. knock into

1.打进; 撞进
Can you knock this nail into the wood? 你能把这钉子钉进木头里吗?
2.偶然碰到(某人) ；遇见（某人）
I knocked into my old teacher in the town this morning. 我今天上午在镇上碰到了过去教过我的老师。
3.〈非正〉把…灌输给
Can't you knock some sense into that stupid boy's head? 难道你不能下下工夫让那个笨孩子开窍?
4.〈口〉彻底击败
At the last election, the Government won easily, knocking the Opposition into a cocked hat.
在上次选举中, 政府挫败了反对党, 轻而易举地取得了胜利。

It's polite to say sorry when you knock into someone carelessly.

当你不小心碰到人家时，对别人说对不起是很有礼貌的。

高中英语必修4第3单元单词及短语讲解

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