湖北赤壁市2016高考英语阅读理解二轮高效练习（6）

Charlie Bell became chief executive of McDonald’s in April. Within a month doctors told him that he had colorectal cancer. After stock market hours on November 22nd, the fast-food firm said he had resigned; it would need a third boss in under a year. Yet when the market opened, its share price barely dipped then edged higher. After all, McDonald’s had, again, shown how to act swiftly and decisively in appointing a new boss.

Mr. Bell himself got the top job when Jim Cantalupo died of a heart attack hours before he was due to address a convention of McDonald’s franchisees(获特许经营联营店者). Mr. Cantalupo was a McDonald’s veteran brought out of retirement in January 2003 to help remodel the firm after sales began falling because of dirty restaurants, indifferent service and growing concern about junk food. He devised a recovery plan, backed by massive marketing, and promoted Mr. Bell to chief operating officer. When Mr. Cantalupo died, a rapidly convened(召集) board confirmed Mr. Bell, a 44-year-old Australian already widely seen as his heir apparent, in the top job. The convention got its promised chief executive’s address, from the firm’s first non-American leader.

Yet within weeks executives had to think about what to do if Mr. Bell became too ill to continue. Perhaps Mr. Bell had the same thing on his mind: he usually introduced Jim Skinner, the 60-year-old vice-chairman, to visitors as the “steady hand at the wheel”. Now Mr. Skinner, an expert on the firm’s overseas operations, becomes chief executive, and Mike Roberts, head of its American operations, joins the board as chief operating officer.

Is Mr. Roberts now the new heir apparent? Maybe. McDonald’s has brought in supposedly healthier choices such as salads and toasted sandwiches worldwide and, instead of relying for most of its growth on opening new restaurants, has turned to upgrading its 31,000 existing ones. America has done best at this; under Mr. Roberts, like-for-like sales there were up by 7. 5% in October on a year earlier.

The new team’s task is to keep the revitalization plan on course, especially overseas, where some American brands are said to face political hostility from consumers. This is a big challenge. Is an in-house succession(交替、继承) the best way to tackle it? Mr. Skinner and Mr. Roberts are both company veterans, having joined in the 1970s. Some recent academic studies find that the planned succession of a new boss from within, such as Mr. Bell and now (arguably) Mr. Roberts, produces better results than looking hastily, or outside, for one. McDonald’s smooth handling of its serial misfortunes at the top certainly seems to prove the point. Even so, everyone at McDonald’s must be hoping that it will be a long time before the firm faces yet another such emergency.

70. The main reason for the constant change at the top of McDonald is _______.
A. the constant change of its share price
B. the board’s failure to reach an agreement
C. the falling sales
D. the physical problems of the chief executives

71. The underlined phrase “heir apparent” (in Paragraph 2) in the article most probably means someone who _______.
A. has the same ideas, aims and style with a person
B. has the same right to receive the family title
C. is appointed as an executive of a company
D. is likely to take over a person’s position when that person leaves

72. Which of the following was NOT a cause of the falling sales of McDonald?
A. The change of the chief executive. B. People’s concern about junk food.
C. Dirty restaurant. D. Indifferent service.

73. In terms of succession at the top, McDonald_______.
A. has had to made rather hasty decisions B. prefers to appoint a new boss from within
C. acts in a quick and unreasonable way D. surprises all the people with its decisions

【参考答案】70-73 DDAB

【上海市闵行区2014质量调研考试】阅读理解B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

Electric cars are dirty. In fact, not only are they dirty, they might even be dirtier than their gasoline-powered cousins.

People in California love to talk about “zero-emissions (零排放的) vehicles,” but people in California seem to be clueless about where electricity comes from. Power plants most all use fire to make it. Aside from the few folks who have their roofs covered with solar cells, we get our electricity from generators (发电机). Generators are fueled by something — usually coal, oil, but also by heat generated in nuclear power plants. There are a few wind farms and geothermal plants as well, but by far we get electricity mainly by burning something.

In other words, those “zero-emissions” cars are likely coal-burning cars. It’s just that the coal is burned somewhere else so it looks clean. It is not. It’s as if the California Greens (加州绿党) are covering their eyes — “If I can’t see it, it’s not happening.” Gasoline is an incredibly efficient way to power a vehicle; a gallon of gas has a lot of energy in it. But when you take that gas (or another fuel) and first use it to make electricity, you waste a nice part of that energy, mostly in the form of wasted heat — at the generator, through the transmission lines, etc.

A gallon of gas may power your car 25 miles. But the electricity you get from that gallon of gas won’t get you nearly as far — so electric cars burn more fuel than gas-powered ones. If our electricity came mostly from nukes, or geothermal, or hydro, or solar, or wind, then an electric car truly would be clean. But for political, technical, and economic reasons, we don’t use much of those energy sources.

In addition, electric cars’ batteries which are poisonous for a long time will eventually end up in a landfill. And finally, when cars are the polluters, the pollution is spread across all the roads. When it’s a power plant, though, all the junk is in one place. Nature is very good at cleaning up when things are not too concentrated, but it takes a lot longer when all the garbage is in one spot.

70. Which of the following words can replace “be clueless about” in paragraph 2?

A. Be familiar with. B. Be curious about.

C. Show their interest in. D. Fail to understand.

71. What can we learn about the California Green from the idea “If I can’t see it, it’s not happening”?

A. They do not know those clean cars are likely coal-burning cars.

B. They do believe the coal is burned somewhere else so it looks clean.

C. They tend to hold that electricity is a nice part of energy.

D. They tend to maintain that gasoline is a good way to run a vehicle.

72. According to the passage, compared with cars using gas, electric cars are more _______.

A. environmentally-friendly B. expensive

C. harmful D. efficient

73. We can get the conclusion from the passage that _______.

A. being green is good and should be encouraged in communication

B. electric cars are not clean in that we get electricity mainly by burning something

C. zero-emissions vehicles should be chosen to protect our environment

D. electric cars are now the dominant vehicle compared with gasoline-powered cousins

【参考答案】69—73\DBCB

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

【2013界内蒙古巴市一中一模】

Time and how we experience it have always puzzled us．Physicists have created fascinating theories, but their time is measured by a pendulum （钟摆） and is not psychological time, which leaps with little regard to the clock or calendar．As some-one who understood the distinction observed, "When you sit with a nice girl for two hours it seems like a minute, but when you sit on a hot stove, a minute seems like two hours．"

Psychologists have long noticed that larger units of time, such as months and years, fly on swifter wings as we age．They also note that the more time is structured with schedules and appointments, the more rapidly it seems to pass．For example, a day at the office flies compared with a day at the beach．Since most of us spend fewer days at the beach and more at the office as we age, an increase in structured tune could well be to blame for why time seems to speed up as we grow older．

Expectation and familiarity also make time seem to flow more rapidly．Almost all of us have had the experience of driving somewhere we’ve never been before. Surrounded by unfamiliar scenery, with no real idea of when we’ll arrive, we experience the trip as lasting a long time. But the return trip, although exactly as long, seems to take far less time. The novelty of the outward journey has become routine. Thus taking a different route on occasions can often help slow the clock.

When was become as identical as identical as beads（小珠子）on a string, they mix together, and even months become a single day. To counter this, try to find ways to interrupt the structure of your day—to stop time, so to speak.

Learning something new is one of the ways to slow the passage of time. One of the reasons the days of our youth seems so full and long is that these are the days of learning and discovery. For many of us, learning ends when we leave school, but this doesn’t have to be.

67．The underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 is used to show .

A．psychological time is quite puzzling

B．time should not be measured by a pendulum

C．physical time is different from psychological time

D．physical theory has nothing to do with the true sense of time

68．Why do units of time fly faster as we grow older?

A．Our sense of time changes.

B．We spend less time at the beach.

C．More time is structured and scheduled.

D．Time is structured with too many appointments.

69．In Paragraph 3 “novelty” probably means .

A．excitement B．unfamiliarity

C．imagination D．amusement

70．The purpose of the passage is to .

A．give various explanations about time

B．describe how we experience time psychologically

C．show the different ideas of physicists and psychologists on time

D．explain why time flies and how to slow it down psychologically

【参考答案】67—70、CCBD

阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中, 选出最佳选项。

【2013界江苏省盐城中一模】A

Over the Spring Festival holiday there was a big effort to get people to curb their habit of ordering too much food in restaurants because a lot of that food ended up being wasted. Holiday eaters were urged to “clean their plates” and were asked to take leftover food home in “doggy bags.”

The impetus behind the campaign was the startling government statistic that over 200 billion yuan is spent every year on food that ends up in the garbage bin. And in the midst of all this waste, statistics show that 128 million people are living below the poverty line and going hungry.

The “clean your plate” campaign is part of a worldwide effort to stop precious food from being wasted. The United Nations estimates that $1trillion (yes, that’s a very big number) worth of food is wasted each year. Most of that is lost during food production and transportation, but a significant percentage is attributed to waste by consumers. The United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) has launched a campaign called “Think. Eat. Save.” to make people aware of the problem.

Chinese actress Fan Bingbing is an ambassador for UNEP and she encouraged people to upload pictures of their “clean plates” to show their support for the program. Thousands of people responded and demonstrated that they had a clear conscience to go along with their full stomachs.

Xi Jinping, the Chinese president, is also urging people to be less wasteful and he told Party members to cut back on extravagant holiday banquets and to be more careful when spending the people’s money.

For some, though, Xi Jinping’s and Fan Bingbing’s admonitions don’t go far enough. Yuan Longping, an agricultural scientist, caused a stir by saying that wasting food should be treated as a crime. (Jail time for leftover chicken feet!?)

If not a crime, wasting food is certainly a sin and it goes against what Xi Jinping calls, “the Chinese tradition of being diligent and thrifty.” Having a “clean plate” is just a traditional and responsible thing to do.

56. Which statement is NOT TRUE according to the passage?

A. Over 200 billion yuan is wasted every year on food around China.

B. It’s quite common for Chinese people to order more food than they need in restaurants.

C. It’s universally acknowledged that wasting food is a crime.

D. Fan did something to promote people’s awareness of saving food.

57. The underlined word “admonition” is closest in meaning to “ ”.

A. demonstration B. indication C. warning D. criticism

58. What’ the best title for the passage?

A. Food is important. B. Have you cleaned your plate?

C. Jail time for leftover chicken feet!? D. Wasting food is a crime.

【参考答案】56、CCB

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

【2013界江苏省盐城中一模】

Preface to the fourth edition

A practical English Grammar is intended for intermediate(中级的) and post-intermediate students. We hope that more advanced learners and teachers will also find it useful.

The book is a comprehensive survey of structures and forms, written in clear modern English and illustrated with numerous examples. Areas of particular difficulty have been given special attention. Differences between conversational usage and strict grammatical forms are shown but the emphasis is on conversational forms.

In the fourth edition the main changes are as follows.

3. Some material has been rearranged to make comparisons easier. For example, parts of chapters on can, may, must etc. are now grouped by functions; verbs of liking and preference have a chapter to themselves; suggestions and invitations have joined the chapter on commands, requests and advice.

4. The contents list now summaries every edition heading, and there is a new index containing many more entries references.

In this edition the sign “～” is frequently used to show a change of speaker in examples of dialogue. Note also that although the sign “＝”sometimes connects two words or expressions with the same meaning, it is often used more freely, e.g. to indicate a transformation from active to passive or direct to indirect speech.

We wish to thank all at Oxford University Press who have assisted in the preparation of the fourth edition. We would also like to thank Professor Egawa of Nihon University, Japan, Professor Rene Dirven of Duisburg University, West Germany and other colleagues for their friendly and helpful suggestions.

London, November 1985 A.J.T., A.VM

59. The grammar book mentioned in this passage is not suitable for __________.

A. a middle school teacher B. a college student

C. a senior high student D. a primary school student

60. According to the passage, we know that this grammar book ___________.

A. compares modern English with old English

B. gives a large number of examples to reduce difficulty

C. attaches more importance to conversational forms

D. pays little attention to strict grammatical forms

61. Which of the following statements about the changes is TRUE?

A. This book keeps up with the latest usages of the American English language.

B. This edition offers more information about pronouns.

C. One particular chapter discusses verbs like “care, like, love, hate, prefer, wish”.

D. It’s not easy for us to find the information we need in this book.

62. When you see this line in the book, “Did you get a ticket? ～Yes, I managed to get one”, we can understand that _______.

A. the two parts before and after the sign “～”mean the same.

B. the topic is changed in the part after the sign “～”.

C. the second speaker repeats what the first speaker says.

D. the two parts before and after “～”are said by two different people.

【参考答案】59—62、DCCD

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