高考英语阅读理解解题技巧讲解

一、新课导入

1.阅读理解题选材，一般遵循三个原则：

 文章一般为3篇（含信息匹配题），阅读量在1100单词左右；

 题材广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容；

 体裁多样，包括记叙文、描写文、说明文、议论文、应用文等。

2.高考阅读理解常见的设题形式有：词义猜测题、细节理解题、推断题、作者态度题和主旨大意题。

3.阅读理解技巧：抓（问题关键），定（文段），比（较选项答案）

二、新课讲解---做题技巧

1、词义猜测技巧。

此类考题目要求考生能根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义。一般提问方式如下：

1) The word “ABC” in the passage probably means ________.

2) The underlined word “ABC” in the passage refers to/means _______.

3) Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph？

4) The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means ____．

5) The word "it（them）" in the first paragraph refers to ____．

这种题型要求对文章中的划线生词进行词义猜测。这类题型不仅要求具备一定构词法，而且也要求对上下文具有比较全面的理解。做词意猜测时，应注意划线生词后面的定语从句、同位语从句。定语从句、同位语从句通常用来解释生词的词意。另外，还要应注意生词后的标点符号，如逗号、破折号、引号、括号都可用于提示词意。有时，词意隐藏在全文或某一段中，这就需要把握文段的意境来加以透知该词的含义。

在高考阅读题中，考生遇到的最大障碍往往有两个：一是被已认识的单词的某一熟知含义所误导；二是被完全不认识的单词的意思所阻碍，从而出现理解偏差或理解困难，影响阅读的速度。其实解决这两个困难的一个重要法宝是考生在心目中树立起上下文观念，要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

在阅读解题时要注意从以下七个方面着手：

1）根据定义或解释、说明猜测生词的词义

在be，be called，call等判断词出现的判断句中，或定语从句及标点符号，可以根据已知部分，猜测生词的含义。例如： The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.通过理解定语从句的意思，能猜出herdsman是“牧人”。

2）根据对比关系猜测生词的词义

在but，however，yet，otherwise，though这些表示意义转折的连词出现的句子中，其前后的词有明显对比关系，根据已知的内容，通过这种对比关系，就很容易猜出生词的词义了。例如： Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. 和clean意思相对的便是“肮脏的”了，因此可猜出句中grubby的意思是“肮脏的”。

3）通过因果关系猜测词义

because, since与as是连接原因状语从句的从属连词，so是连接表示结果的状语从句的连词，so...that与such...that中的that是连接结果状语从句的。当这些信息词出现在有生词的句子中，通过因果关系，依据已知部分就能猜出生词的词义。例如：She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long. 根据because从句所讲的意思，我们就可推测trim就是“修剪”之意。

4）根据生活常识猜测词义

运用逻辑推理能力，自身的生活经验及生活常识。再联系上下文能读懂的部分，可以正确猜出词义。例如：Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold. 根据句子意思及生活经验，wither表示“枯萎”。

5）根据同等关系猜测词义

同等关系，指的是一个词，一组词或短语在句中作同一成分，而且它们的词义都属于同一范畴。明显的标志是，这样的词组或短语中间常常用并列连词and或or来连接。例如： At forty-two he was in his prime and always full of energy. 从“年龄42岁”以及与prime具有同等关系的full of energy可以猜出prime的意思是“盛年时期”。

6）根据列举的事例猜测词义

You can take any of the periodicals: “The World of English”. “Foreign Language Teaching in Schools”, or “English Learning”. 从后面列举的例子中，可以猜出periodical是“期刊，杂志”的意思。

7）根据构词法知识猜测词义

根据学过的构词法知识，知道词根和前缀或后缀的意义，就可猜出由它们组成的新词词义。

2、细节题型的答题技巧。

此类考题主要针对文章的细节，一般提问方式如下：

1) Which of the following is right?

2) Which of the following is NOT true according to the information in the passage?

3) Which of the following statements is correct according to the passage?

4) Which of the following is Not True in the passage?

5) Which of the following is not mentioned?

6) Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?

7) The author mentions all of the following except . . .

8) The writer mentions all of the items listed below except ______.

9) What is the example of . . . as described in the passage?

10) Choose the right order of this passage.

11) According to the passage, when (where, why, how, who, etc. ) ...

12) The reason for . . .is . . .

13) From this passage we know that ________.

14) In the passage, the author states that ______.

细节题的破解一般采用寻读法，即先看试题，再读文章。对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率，节省了宝贵的时间。寻读法还特别适用于对图形表格类题材的理解。做此类型的题目还要特别注意句子的逻辑关系。英语中有许多功能词，如：表因果关系的because, since, as等；表转折关系的but, however ,on the contrary, on the other hand等等。

Some animals are in danger because they are hunted. Alarmingly, the population of tigers has already fallen by ninety-five percent. Other species are in danger because of a lack of food. For example, there are fewer than 1300 giant pandas left in the wild.

28. According to the passage the world’s tiger population _____.

A. will rise by 5% next year B. is relatively stable

C. is 95% smaller than in the past D. has fallen to 95%

3、推断题型答题技巧。

此类考题一般针对短文内容和考生应有的常识，文章中虽然没有明确的答案，但考生在理解全文的基础上可以进行推理和判断其答案。一般提问方式如下：

1) We can guess the writer of the letter may be a ______.

2) We can infer from the text that _______.

3) It can be inferred from the text that ______.

4) From the letters we’ve learned that it’s very ___ to know something about American social customs.

5) From the story we can guess ______.

6) It may be concluded from the passage that．．．

7) Which of the following statements does the passage support？

8) The story implies that ______.

9) The paragraph following the passage will most probably be ___.

10) The author implied（suggested）that．．．

推理是在既有信息的基础上得出合乎文章内容的内涵意义，即某一问题、某一观点没有直接表述，而寓意在文章的字里行间，要求通过文中信息分析推出某种符合作者思想、符合文章逻辑的内涵意义。推断则是指通过对文章进行符合逻辑的综合分析，推出文章未直接陈述的言外之意。推断题推断得正确与否，很大程度上取决于是否能正确把握作者潜隐在字里行间的语气及观点。

To argue that zoos imprison animals is to misunderstand what zoos are about. Without zoos many of the creatures we love and admire would no longer exist. Every single day，over one hundred animal species vanish. Scientists predict that as early as 2050 one quarter of the Earth’s species will become extinct.

26. What’s the writer’s attitude towards zoos?

A. He shows no opinion either for or against them.

B. He thinks that they are unnecessary and cruel.

C. He believes they play an important environmental role.

D. He expresses a desire that more of them be built.

4、作者态度题的技巧

此类题目的主要提问方式是一般提问方式如下：

1) How did the writer feel …?

2) The author seems to think that ______.

3) The writer writes this text to ______.

4) The writer believes that ______.

5) The writer suggests that ______.

6) The author wants to appeal to _______ .

7) The writer is trying to present a point of view in ______.

8) The author’s style is ______ .

9) The author’s tone would be best described as _______ .

10) What is the author’s opinion of ______?

11) What is the author's main purpose in the passage?

这一类考题大都要求考生就作者对论述对象持什么样的态度做出推断，如作者对所陈述的观点是赞同、反对，还是犹豫不定，对记述或描写的人、物或事件是赞颂、同情、冷漠，还是厌恶。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩不一定直接表述出来，而往往隐含在字里行间。因此，进行这种推断时，我们既要依靠短文的主题思想作为推力的前提，又要注意作者的措辞，尤其是形容词一类的修饰语。

确定作者态度，可以有两种思路：

1、问全文主体事物的(包括主题)，可以根据阐述主题或有关主体事物的相关句中的形容词、副词或动词确定作者的态度；

2、如果问的是对某一具体事物的态度，则可以定位到具体相关句，然后确定答案。

英语阅读理解中表示作者态度的词汇

5、抓主旨大意的技巧。

这种题型要求考生能够把握文章的总体，并真正理解主题和中心；要求能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法解题，难度较大，属于高层次题。

一般主旨大意题可以分为两类：

1．确定文章的标题和主题(title or topic)

标题位于文章之首，用来高度概括文章内容，点明文章主题。它可以是单词，短语，也可以是句子。要确定文章标题，首先，要在阅读原文的基础上，考虑标题是否与主题密切相关；其次，看标题是否能概括全文内容。不能只概括短文中的某些事实或细节；然后，要注意标题范围不应太大或太小；最后，标题应简练并能吸引读者。即:1、独特新颖  2、概括性强 3、短小精炼。

常见的标题型题干：

1)  The best title/ headline for this passage might be________.

2)  The text (passage) could be entitled   ______.

3)  What is the best title for the passage?

4) What’s the topic of the article?

如：In the 1930s, a lot of people in the USA were out of work. Among these people was a man named Alfred Butts. He always had an interest in word games and to fill his time he planned a game which he called “Lexico”. However, he was not completely satisfied with the game, so he made a number of changes to it and changed its name from “ Lexico” to “Alph” and then to “Criss Cross”. He wanted to make some money from his new game but he didn’t have any real commercial(商业性的)success.

Q: The text is mainly about________.

A. Lexico    B. Three men   C . A word game      D. Alfred Butts.

【解题思路】答案A 和C以偏概全。因此此题的正确答案应为D。

2.主题句（topic sentence）及主旨大意(main idea)的概括

一篇文章一般表达一个中心内容或主题。这个中心内容或主题通常用一个句子来概括。此句叫做主题句。一般来说，说明文和议论文都有主题句，而且多位于文章的开头，有时也位于文章的中间或末尾。但有时不能在文中直接找到主题句，要求读者把握每段的主题句，弄清段于段之间逻辑关系的基础上自己归纳总结。主题句必须能简洁明了地概括全文的主要内容，具有高度的综合性和概括性。文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步解释,说明,论证或扩展.

常见的主题句和主旨型题干：

1) What is the topic sentence of the passage?

2) This article/text/passage mainly tells that _____________.

3) Which of the following gives a general idea of the passage?

4) Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?

如：Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.

Q: What is the main idea of the passage?　

A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer. B. Bingham is a diligent student.

C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent education. D. A good lawyer needs good education.

【解题思路】  此文没有主题句。全篇共四句，只陈述了四个细节(detail)性的事实。因此就答案本身看，个个都对。读者只能将所有的details综合起来，进行逻辑推理，才能构成一个没有言明的主题思想(unstated main idea)。由于文中主要涉及了Joshua Bingham接受教育的情况，即作者想告诉我们的是：Joshua Bingham接受过良好的教育，所以答案是 Ｃ。

★总之，阅读水平的提高不是一两天的阅读就可以见效的。想要提高阅读能力，一是要培养良好的阅读行为习惯；如：要用眼光看，不要用手指去点；要默读，不要小声读。二是要积累大量的词汇，把阅读中的高频难词熟记，每次阅读后要整理好生词，然后记住其意思。三是要广泛地做课后阅读，坚持每天读1-2篇文章。四是不要一遇到生词就查字典，要先猜其意义，等做完题目后再查字典，以免影响阅读速度。

专项练习

(A)

On Thursday afternoon Mrs. Clarke, dressed for going out, took her handbag with her money and her key in it, pulled the door behind her to lock it and went to the over 60s Club. She always went there on Thursdays. It was a nice outing for an old woman who lived alone.

At six o’clock she came home, let herself in and at once smelt cigarette smoke. Cigarette smoke in her house? How? How? Had someone got in? She checked the back door and the windows. All were locked or fastened, as usual. There was no sign of forced entry.

Over a cup of tea she wondered whether someone might have a key that fitted her front door ---“a master key” perhaps. So she stayed at home the following Thursday. Nothing happened. Was anyone watching her movements? On the Thursday after that she went out at her usual time, dressed as usual, but she didn’t go to the club. Instead she took a short cut home again, letting herself in through her garden and the back door. She settled down to wait.

It was just after four o’clock when the front door bell rang. Mrs. Clarke was making a cup of tea at the time. The bell rang again, and then she heard her letter-box being pushed open. With the kettle of boiling water in her hand, she moved quietly towards the front door. A long piece of wire appeared through the letter-box, and then a hand. The wire turned and caught around the handle on the door-lock. Mrs. Clarke raised the kettle and poured the water over the hand. There was a shout outside, and the skin seemed to drop off the fingers like a glove. The wire fell to the floor, the hand was pulled back, and Mrs. Clarke heard the sound of running feet.

1. Mrs. Clarke looked forward to Thursday because _____.

A. she worked at a club on the day B. she had visitors on Thursday

C. she visited a club on Thursday D. a special visitor came on Thursday

2. What does the expression “a master key” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?

A. A key to all the doors. B. A key only to the woman’s door.

C. A key only its master can use. D. A key not everyone can use.

3. On the third Thursday Mrs. Clarke went out _____.

A. because she didn’t want to miss the club again

B. to see if the thief was wandering outside

C. to the club but then changed her mind

D. in an attempt to trick the thief

4. The lock on the front door was one which _____.

A. needed a piece of wire to open it B. could be opened from inside without a key

C. couldn’t be opened without a key D. used a handle instead of a key

答案：1-4 CADB

(B)

Dad,

I’m writing to you as I feel it’s been quite a while since we last spoke (two years to be exact, you hung up on me). So how is Germany? How old are your other children now? What have you been up to this year? I finished my A-levels this summer. But enough small talk. On our European road trip in the summer, the journey took us close to your house and I asked Mum and my stepdad if we could pay a visit so that I could see you. Outside your house, I couldn’t bring myself to get out of the car and knock on the door.

I’ve tried so many different forms of communication － email, the phone and I also suggested Skype. Yet I still can’t get through to you.

My mum, stepdad and I sat around the table trying to work out why I had felt unable to knock on your door that day. At last it came to me. I think, perhaps subconsciously, I was saving myself the grief of your response.

Why can’t your parental obligations stretch to all three of your children, not just your two recent ones? In our previous conversations, which ended suddenly, as your older son needed to be put to bed, I’d ask you how he was doing at school, and you’d talk about the weather. No one listening would be able to tell there was any difference between our relationship and one you might have with a neighbor.

Forget your excuses – that the flight to visit me is expensive and that you need to look after your other children (I hope you can see the irony(讽刺) in that). While you watch their school plays, don’t you consider that I would have liked you to be there at mine?

Perhaps the reason I didn’t knock on your door was that I just don’t care anymore. I’m exhausted trying to make this work. Maybe a part of me wasn’t actually bothered whether I saw you or not that day — you’ve already lost so much meaning in my life; you are someone who just sends me a birthday card.

This isn’t me being bitter, although I was initially. It’s just a way of telling you how I really feel.

Phoebe

1. How did Phoebe feel when she was sitting in the car outside her father’s house?

A. Excited B. Puzzled C. Disappointed D. Embarrassed

2. Based on this letter, we can learn that Phoebe’s father _____________.

A. lives in the same city with his daughter

B. got divorced and left Phoebe and her mother

C. has never had any communication with Phoebe

D. takes good care of all his children

3. What does the irony refer to in Paragraph 5?

A. He ended his conversation with Phoebe just to put his son to bed.

B. He lives in a big house but has no money to buy an air ticket.

C. He talked with Phoebe, his daughter, as if with a neighbor.

D. Phoebe is also his child but he excuses himself from caring about her.

4. Phoebe didn’t knock on her father’s door that day because _____________.

A. she was afraid of his dad’s unexpected responses to her visit

B. she didn’t want to bother her father’s happy life with his current family

C. she was tired of being the one who make efforts for their relationship

D. she suddenly realized that her father had no meaning in her life

答案: CBDC

强化练习

(A)

Researchers have developed a method to activate electronic implants in the body and eliminate bacterial infections using a wireless signal. When triggered by remote technology, the device delivers heat to infected tissue. And it could lead to technologies that enable drugs and

treatment to be delivered to patients at the press of a button.

The technology was developed by researchers at Tufts University in Massachusetts and the University of Illinois. Mice were given electronic implants that, when a signal was sent, heated up to treat tissue that was infected with staphylococcus, which can cause life-threatening infections of the blood. Tissues collected from the mice 24 hours after treatment showed no sign of the infection, while the device dissolved in 15 days, proving it can not only treat infections but also be disposed of easily.

The research, which also eliminated E. coli bacteria, was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Each device, made of silk and magnesium (镁元素)，harmlessly dissolved in the animals after the tests. The heating device in the implants has a resistor and power-receiving coil made of magnesium, and the magnesium is wrapped in ‘packet’ of silk, keeping it safe and controlling its dissolution time. The ability of the device to dissolve is important, as it means such implants would not need to be removed. Implantable medical devices normally use non-degradable materials that have limited operational lifetimes and must eventually be removed or replaced. But these new wireless therapy devices can handle the surgical process, and can then dissolve in minutes or weeks, depending on the time needed.

"This is an important demonstration step forward for the development of on-demand medial devices that can be turned on remotely to perform a therapeutic function in a patient and then safely disappear after their use, requiring no retrieval,” said senior author Fiorenzo Omenetto, professor of biomedical engineering at Tufts School of Engineering. “These wireless strategies could help manage post-surgical infection, for example, or pave the way for eventual Wi-Fi drug delivery.”

1. What is special function about the new discovery?

A. It can favourably be used while-treatment stage of a disease.

B. The device has offered drugs at the press of a button.

C. Implantable devices often use materials that have limited operational lifetimes.

D. The implant can be controlled to treat infection and will dissolve later in the body.

2. Staphylococcus is most probably _______.

A. a virus which can cost a person his life

B. a therapy which can make a person’s life longer

C. a device which can cure a person’s disease

D. a process which can lead to the infection of a virus

3. We can infer from the passage that _______.

A. Wi-Fi promises a new way of treatment

B. research brings about new discoveries

C. technology offers new opportunities

D. medicine requires persistent efforts

(B)

Prices determine how resources are to be used. They are also the means by which products and services that are in limited supply are shared among buyers. The price system of the United States is a very complex network composed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad (无数）of services, including labor, professional transportation, and public-utility services. The interrelationship of all those prices makes up the “system” of prices. The price of any particular product or service is linked to a broad, complicated system of prices in which everything seems to depend more or less upon everything else.

If one were to ask a group of arbitrarily individuals to define “price”, many would reply that price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a product or service or, in other words that price is the money value of a product or service as agreed upon in a market transaction (交易). This definition is, of course, valid as far as it goes. For a complete understanding of a price in any particular transaction, much more than the amount of money involved must be known. Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with not only the money amount but the amount and quality of the product or service to be exchanged, the time and place at which the exchange will take place and payment will be made, the form of money to be used, and the credit terms and discounts that supply to the transaction, guarantees on the product or service, delivery terms, return privileges, and other factors. In other words, both buyer and seller should be fully aware of all the factors that make up of the total “package” being exchanged for the asked-for amount of money in order that they may evaluate a given price.

1. According to the passage, the price system is related primarily to _______.

A. Labor and education B. transportation and insurance

C. Utilities and repairs D. products and services

2. All the following are the factors in the complete understanding of price except _______.

A. instructions that come with a product B. the quantity of a product

C. the quality of a product D. guarantees that cover a product

3. In the last line of the passage, the word “they” refers to _______.

A. Return privileges B. guarantees on the product or service

C. Buyers and seller D. delivery and credit terms

4. he paragraph following this passage will most likely discuss _______.

A. unusual ways to evaluate prices of products

B. types of payment plans for product and service

C. theories about how products affect different levels of society

D. how certain elements of price “package” influence its market value

(C)

There will eventually come a day when the New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future,” the paper’s publisher said back in 2010.

Nostalgia (怀旧) for ink on paper, there are plenty of reasons to abandon print. The infrastructure (基础设施) required to make a physical newspaper -- printing presses, delivery trucks -- isn’t just expensive; it’s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don’t have the same set of financial restrictions. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad sales still overshadow their online and mobile counterparts, revenue (收入) from print is still declining.

Cost may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.

Peretti says the Times shouldn’t waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. “Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them,” he said, ‘‘but if you discontinue it, you’re going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”

Sometimes that’s worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming (流媒体). “It was seen as a mistake,” he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. “If I were in charge at the Times, I wouldn’t pick a year to end print,” Peretti said “I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.”

The most loyal customers would still get the product they favour, the idea goes, and they’d feel like that they were helping maintain the quality of something they believe in. “So if you’re overpaying for print, you could feel like that you were helping,” Peretti said. “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.” In other words, if you’re going to print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it, which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year -- more than twice as much as a digital-only subscription.

“It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have a legacy business," Peretti remarked. “But we’re going to have questions like that where we have things we're doing that don't make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it's better to be more aggressive than less aggressive.

1. The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly due to _______.

A. the high cost of operation B. the pressure from its investors

C. the complaints from its readers D. the increasing online ad sales

2. Peretti suggests that in face of the present situation the Times should _______.

A. seek new sources of readership B. end the print edition for good

C. aim for efficient management D. strategic adjustments

3. Peretti believes that in a changing world _______.

A. legacy businesses are becoming outdated

B. cautiousness helps problem-solving

C. traditional luxuries can stay unaffected

D. aggressiveness better meets challenge

4. Which of the following would be the best title of the text?

A. Shift to Online Newspapers All At Once.

B. Cherish the Newspapers Still in Your Hand.

C. Make Your Print Newspapers a Luxury Good.

D. Keep Your Newspapers Forever m Fashion.

答案:（A）DAA （B）DACD （C）ADDC

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