自动化学院

英语国家社会与文化

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2015年5月

1.-- A country’s image and influence arise from its comprehensive powers which include both the hard power and soft power,

a. define a country’s soft and hard power

b. analyze the relationship between the two

c. illustrate the role they play in shaping a country’s image and influence

d. interpret either of the two countries (UK, USA) soft and hard power and the factors that contribute to them:

Answer:

a.

Soft power: it is a kind of intangible force, and in generally, referring to the spiritual strength, including soft elements such as political, cultural, and diplomatic forces. More over , soft power is also an important component of the comprehensive national strength ,and playing a role in the international competition.

Hard power :compared with the soft power ,hard power may be obvious, We can from the basic resources, such as land area, population, natural resources, military strength, economic strength and technological strength to understand the hard power of a country .In fact, it is a dominant power.

b.

Soft power and hard power are not separate, they complement each other. Firstly, both them are closely linked, and difference between each other. They are not simple relations, but complement each other, mutual restriction and coordination. Secondly , hard power is the physical carrier of soft power, and soft power is the intangible extension of hard power. The two are interdependent.

c.

On the one hand, in the current economic globalization, information revolution, and under the spring of these situations, the importance of hard power is obvious. For example, If a country's economic strength were strong, there will be a protector of the basis of material, and it is benefit to the improvement of its international status. Hard power, which is the important guarantee of national status and international influence.

On the other hand, the competition of comprehensive national strength and the game will decide a nation sort of world order in the future. Due to the growing influence of soft power in international relations, the world's major powers pay attention to the construction of hardware, also attaches great importance to enhance its soft power. Soft power is a continuation of the hard power high level, its development and improve, increasing the national spirit of international influence.

d.

The us-led western countries (like UK) rely on its strong political, economic, military and scientific and technological strength, vigorously promote the values such as democracy, human rights, which is based on hard power expansion examples of soft power. But Britain's strength on the whole, there is still a gap with the United States.

And I think that the factors that contribute to them are as follows: First, Us and UK are the capitalist countries, with a nature, colonialism , have the ambition of world domination.

Second, Us and UK are Allies, and economic recovery rapidly, after the second world war when other countries in a repair period, economic strength and military strength gradually restored and then it provide the basis for the invasion of soft power of the two countries.

Third, the development of China made the two powers of the western countries anxious.

2. --Among all the contents we deal within the course, select a person, an event ,a period or a book or something else that impresses you most and interpret the reasons for the deep impression:

Answer: For me, there is a period of time which I prepared for graduate school impress me most, the reasons are as follows:

First, this period of time, life was almost occupied by the books, and repeated every day, sometimes I was bored.

Second, I worked hard each day, so it was with other classmates. And this atmosphere made me feel there would be a fight.

Third, in this time, I understand that sometimes efforts will not be paid off, but if you were lazy, you will not succeed.

3. --Western culture has invaded and penetrated into every corner of our life, summarize the positive and negative effects of the western culture on China in general and also write a subjective comment on the effects of the western culture on you :

Answer:

Positive: First, western culture cultivate the sense of competition.

Second, it brings the advanced concept and management experience.

Third, it contributes to the development of advanced culture.

Negative:

First, western culture led to some people who worship things of western, and even completely abandoned their national culture.

Second, the invasion of western culture just like the political and military invasion, and this phenomenon can reveal the aim of western hegemony.

Third, China's outstanding culture gradually neglected by some people, may be there will be crisis of Cultural inheritance in the future.

For me:

First, because of the economic globalization brings the cultural globalization, culture beyond national borders, flow in the global scope, international cultural communication more frequently, so the huge impact of western culture to China is impossible to ignore.

Second, for our Chinese culture, western culture is a kind of erosion, but I think negate everything the west is not correct. Therefore, for foreign culture should maintain the good and rejecting the bad attitude, selectively accept western culture, and preserve and carry forward our excellent traditional Chinese culture, it is very important for the future development of China.

英语国家与文化大作业（哈工程版）